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생화학분자생물학회 (Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology)
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Local protein synthesis in neuronal axons: why and how we study

  • Kim, Eunjin (Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Jung, Hosung (Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine)
  • 투고 : 2015.01.20
  • 발행 : 2015.03.31
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초록

Adaptive brain function and synaptic plasticity rely on dynamic regulation of local proteome. One way for the neuron to introduce new proteins to the axon terminal is to transport those from the cell body, which had long been thought as the only source of axonal proteins. Another way, which is the topic of this review, is synthesizing proteins on site by local mRNA translation. Recent evidence indicates that the axon stores a reservoir of translationally silent mRNAs and regulates their expression solely by translational control. Different stimuli to axons, such as guidance cues, growth factors, and nerve injury, promote translation of selective mRNAs, a process required for the axon's ability to respond to these cues. One of the critical questions in the field of axonal protein synthesis is how mRNA-specific local translation is regulated by extracellular cues. Here, we review current experimental techniques that can be used to answer this question. Furthermore, we discuss how new technologies can help us understand what biological processes are regulated by axonal protein synthesis in vivo.

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  3. Methods to analyze cell type-specific gene expression profiles from heterogeneous cell populations vol.20, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1080/19768354.2016.1191544
  4. Autophagy core machinery: overcoming spatial barriers in neurons vol.94, pp.11, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-016-1461-9
  5. Axonal microRNAs: localization, function and regulatory mechanism during axon development 2017, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmcb/mjw050
  6. neurotrophin forms a presynaptic positive feedback loop vol.115, pp.47, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1810649115