• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.79-92
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• 2009

With the rising reliance on market estimation through customer analysis in customer-centered marketing, there is a rapid increase in the amount of personal data owned by corporations. There has been a corresponding rise in the customers' interest in personal information protection, and the problem of personal information leakage has risen as a serious issue. The purpose of this research is to develop a diagnosis model for personal information protection that is suited to our country's corporate environment, and on this basis, to present diagnostic instruments that can be applied to domestic corporations. This diagnosis model is a structural equation model that schematizes the degree of synthetic effect that administration factors and estimation items have on the protection of personal information owned by corporations. We develop the model- consisting of the administration factors for personal information protection and the measurement items of each factor- using the development method of standardized structural equation model. We then present a tool through which the administration factors and estimation items verified through this model can be used in the diagnosis for personal information protection in corporations. This diagnostic tool can be utilized as a useful instrument to prevent in advance the leakage of personal information in corporations.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2006

Objectives : The aim of this study is to validate the correlation between Assessment Instruments of Knee OA and digital infrared thermographic imaging(DITI) and to find out the methods to assess knee OA by DITI. Methods : 60 subjects were evaluated. They were asked to answer VAS pain scale, WOMAC, KHAQ and LFI. Correlation was assessed by examining the spearman's rank correlation coefficients. Results : VAS, WOMAC and LFI was correlated with not only the thermal difference between Ant. knee and Post. knee, but also the lowest temperature of Ant. knee. Conclusion: DITI value was useful for evaluating the degree of OA. And we should find out that decrease of pain is correlated with change of DITI value.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.655-673
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• 2014

We investigated perceptions and image analysis on scientists studying small organisms reflected in elementary student's drawing using a modified version of the Drawing-A-Scientist-Test. The participants were 530 of fifth and sixth graders consisted of 449 ordinary students and 81 science gifted students. The data were collected from associated words, images and explanatory notes depicted by students engaged in questionnaires. The results indicated that a larger number of students reminded small sized animals and/or plants as words associated with small organisms. In addition, some students depicted anthropomorphic or abstract microorganisms. In this study, more stereotypes of scientists' appearance were exhibited at sixth graders and city region group. Most of the students depicted indicators such as lab coat, glasses, scientific instruments for observing, indoor, male and young, whereas only a few students depicted collaborative work. There was statistically significant difference between girls and boys, because boys perceived male scientists only, while half of girls depicted female. More frequent research instruments and scientific captions were used when science gifted students depicted scientists studying small organisms. These results could be contributed to education on microorganisms in elementary science.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.355-365
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate nursing protocols for superficial cryotherapy in different medical institutions. Methods: The study was conducted with a cross-sectional descriptive design. The medical institutions including general hospitals, hospitals, and geriatric hospitals were randomly selected. A total of 435 nurses from 126 institutions completed a questionnaire. Data were collected from December 2014 to June 2015. Results: Forty-two institutions (39.5%) had nursing protocol for cryotherapy. The nurses reported that durations of cold application were 2 minutes to 5 hours. Frequently used cold therapy devices in order of frequency were frozen gel packs, ice packs, and frozen IV fluid bags. There were variances in the duration of cold application according to the types of institution ($x^2=7.78$, p=.020) and nursing units ($x^2=26.42$, p<.001). In addition, intervals of cold application were different according to the nursing units (x=12.23, p=.032). There were differences in cold application instruments by regional groups (x=70.38, p<.001). Most of the nurses (95.6%) responded that national nursing protocol for superficial cryotherapy were needed. Conclusion: There were difficulties in providing consistent nursing interventions because of the practical differences and absence of evidence-based guidelines for cryotherapy. The researchers recommend that basic studies with various instruments be conducted and proper nursing protocols be developed for cryotherapy.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the degree of perceived health status, depression and quality of life(QOL) and to examine the relationships among these factors in breast cancer survivors. Methods: The subjects were 105 women with mastectomy after breast cancer diagnosis who were in the out-patient department of surgery at SNUH in Seoul. Data was collected using self-report instruments. The instruments included 1-item for perceived health status, Chae and Choe's QOL scale for Korean breast cancer survivors, and Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) as well as socio-demographic and medical information. Data were analyzed with SPSS WIN 10.0 program. Results: The levels of perceived health status and QOL were moderate. Mild depression was found on the BDI. QOL and depression showed a negative correlation(r= -.598), whereas QOL and perceived health status was correlated positively(r=.370). Depression, perceived health status, and time since diagnosis accounted for 47.4% of variance of the QOL. Depression was the most significant predictor of QOL in breast cancer survivors. Conclusion: Breast cancer survivors may experience depression and alteration in QOL. Future nursing research should be directed toward the implementation and evaluation of interventions that promote QOL and decrease depression in breast cancer survivors.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.365-374
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was designed to explore and compare the self efficacy, social support, and quality of life between middle-aged Korean and Chinese women. Methods: The sample included 430 (Korean: 220, Chinese: 210) middle-aged women. Study instruments were the Self Efficacy Scale developed by Shere et al (1982), the Social Support Scale modified and based on Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL) developed by Cohen and Hoberman (1983), and The Quality of Life Scale (SF-36) developed by Ware and Book (1981). Data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 16 version. Results: Korean women reported more self efficacy and better quality of life than the Chinese women. The quality of life scores between middle-aged Korean and Chinese women showed a statistical significant difference. Self efficacy and quality of life scores reported by middle-aged Korean and Chinese women were below the reported standards of the instruments. In contrast to the other scores, Chinese women reported more social support than Korean women. Conclusion: The findings add to the body of literature about Chinese and Korean middle aged women. Additional research is needed to explain the differences among the two groups but the findings can inform the practicing nurse who works with these populations.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2000년도 춘계학술발표논문집
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• pp.118-125
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• 2000

Gloss uniformity on unprinted coated papers is oftenly called as 'Surface Feeling' in market and roles as a very important criteria when a customer choose a paper. However, there is few researches on this quality so far and even there isn't much knowledge on the characteristics of gloss variation, ie what it is, where it comes from etc. Therefore, there should be a pre-research on its characteristics, factors, measuring method or tools prior to the following development activities. In this paper, we obtained about a dozen of papers including foreign products and measured not only basic properties of them, but also various characteristics related to ununiformity. Our experiments went further to printing, but that area is excluded in this paper. Also, we investigated several instruments for measuring gloss variation by an objective way all over the world and tested with our own samples so that we tried to find out which one is best-correlated with visual appreciation and suggest its results as possible. We found out several things from these experiments including what is difference between good and bad gloss uniformity, the factors of gloss variation, and the results of measurement for gloss variation with instruments.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.150.1-150.1
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• 2011

The global rise of greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions and its potentially devastating consequences require a comprehensive regulatory framework for reducing emissions, including those from the transport sector. alternative fuels and technologies have been promoted as a means for reducing the carbon intensity of the transport sector. Renewable fuel policies were historically motivated by energy security concerns, and to promoted agricultural industries. In the last decade, biofuels have also been discussed as low or net-zero carbon soures of energy for transportation. Hence, the development of biofuels has been supported by a range of policy instruments, including volumetric targets or blending mandates, tax incentives or penalties, preferential government purchasing, government funded research, development in world-wide. As one of the most powerfuel instruments, renewable fuel mandates require fuel producers to produce a pre-defined amount(or share) of biofuels and blend them with petroleum fuel. In this study, we reviewed Renewable Fuel Standard(RFS, USA), Renewable Transport Fules Obligation (RTFO, UK) as a renewable fuel mandate policy to reduce GHG. This includes not only mandate system for blending of biofuels in transport fuels, but also sustainability to use biofuels in this system.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.87-101
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to develop the measuring instruments for evaluation criteria for Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award(MBNQA), suitable for ICT Industries, and to analyze the cause-effect relationship between those criteria through aforementioned instruments. MBNQA is formed with seven categories: Leadership, Strategic planning, Focus on patients, other customers and markets, Measurement, analysis and knowledge management, Human resource focus, Process management and Results. As excluding the Human Resource Focus category, this study empirically examined the cause-effect relationship among six categories. In order to empirically examine the research model, this study calculated Cronbach's alpha and reliability index, thus examined the reliability and executed Exploratory Factor Analysis. Furthermore, Average Variance Extracted(AVE) is used to verify the discriminant validity. Lastly, the hypothesis testing was made complete through significance test on the paths between variables. The result of this study shows that both leadership and social responsibility have direct cause-effect relationship with Measurement, analysis and knowledge management, Human resource focus, Process management and also that this relationship has direct impact on Human resource focus, Measurement, analysis and knowledge management as well, consequently exerting influence on the result through Process management, Finance and Market data.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.165-167
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• 2014

The Dutch construction industry has introduced a compulsory preemployment medical examination (PE-ME). Best-evidence contents related to specific job demands are, however, lacking and need to be gathered. After the identification of job demands and health problems in the construction industry (systematic literature search and expert meeting), specific job demands and related requirements were defined and instruments proposed. Finally, a work ability assessment was linked to the instruments' outcomes, resulting in the modular character of the developed PE-ME. Twenty-two specific job demands for all Dutch construction jobs were identified, including kneeling/squatting, working under time pressure, and exposure to hazardous substances. The next step was proposing self-report questions, screening questionnaires, clinical tests, and/or performance-based tests, leading to a work ability judgment. "Lifting/carrying" is described as an example. The new modular PE-ME enables a job-specific assessment of work ability to be made for more than 100 jobs in the Dutch construction industry.