• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.303-318
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• 1998

Cutaneous stimulation and distraction are independent nursing interventions used in various painful conditions, which is explained by gate control theory. This study was aimed at identifying the effect of cutaneous stimulation, distraction and combination of cutaneous stimulation and distraction on the reduction of intravenous injection pain levels of chemotherapy patients. Repeated measurement post test research design was used for one group. Fifty-three cancer patients who received intravenous chemotherapy regulary in outpatient injection rooms of D medical center and Y medical center in Taegu were studied from June 23, 1997 to July 12, 1997. First the intravenous injection pain level of the control period was measured. Second, the intravenous injection pain level of the experimental period using cutaneous stimulation was measured. Third, the intravenous injection pain level of the experimental period using distraction was messured. Fourth, the intravenous injection pain level of the experimental period using a combination of cutaneous stimulation and distraction was measured. The instruments used for this study were a visual analogue pain scale as subjective pain measurement and an objective pain behavior checklist. Analysis of data was done by use of repeated measure ANOVA, bonferni, t-test, and F-test. The results of this study were summerized as follows : 1) The first hypothesis that the subjective pain score of intraveneous injection pain in the experimental period with cutaneous stimulation will be lower than in the control period was rejected. 2) The second hypothesis that the objective pain behavior score of intravenous injection pain in the experimental period with cutaneous stimulation will be lower than in the control period was accepted(F=24.23, p=0.0001, Bornferni p<.05). 3) The third hypothesis that the subjective pain score of intraveneous injection pain in the experimental period with distraction will be lower than in the control period was rejected. 4) The fourth hypothesis that the objective pain score of intravenous injection pain in the experimental period with distraction will be lower than in the control period was accepted(F=24.23, p=0.0001, Bornferni p<.05). 5) The fifth hypothesis that the subjective pain score of intravenous injection pain in the experimental period with combination of cutaneous stimulation and distraction will be lower than in the control period was accepted(F=3.04, p=0.031, Bonferni p<.05). 6) The sixth hypothesis that the objective pain score of intravenous injection pain in the experimental period with combination of cutaneous stimulation and distraction will be lower than in the control period was accepted(F=24.23, p=0.0001, Bonferni p<.05).

• 인간행동과 음악연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.15-28
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• 2006

인간의 발달 과정에서 음악은 의미 있는 역할을 담당하고 있다. 아동들은 음악을 통한 여러 활동에 참여함으로 발달 영역별 기술을 촉진할 수 있으며, 음악적 환경은 아동들의 발달 과정에서 중요한 요소가 될 수 있다. 우리나라에서는 아동의 치료나 교육에 음악을 활용하려는 시도가 많이 있었으며, 우리나라 음악치료 영역에 있어서 주 임상 대상은 발달 영역의 지연이나 장애를 가진 아동이다. 이에 본 연구는 국내 음악치료의 주 임상 대상인 아동을 대상으로 국내에서 연구되어진 논문들을 수집하여 분석함으로써 국내 아동관련 음악치료 연구의 경향과 흐름을 살펴보는 것에 목적을 두었다. 대상 논문은 음악치료 전공이 개설되어 있는 학교의 논문으로 일반 및 장애 아동을 연구대상으로 한 논문 90편을 선정하여 연구 대상, 연구 방법, 연구의 목표 영역, 음악적 개입별로 분석하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연구 대상별로 살펴보면 장애 아동에 대한 연구가 가장 많았고, 장애 아동 중에서는 자폐 아동 위주로 연구가 치중되었음을 알 수 있었다. 최근에는 장애아동 뿐만 아니라 일반 아동 대상의 연구도 증가하였음을 알 수 있었다. 둘째 연구 유형별로 살펴보면 기술연구에 비해 실험연구가 많이 되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 연구의 목표 영역별로 살펴보면 사회 영역이 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였고, 그 다음으로는 정서 영역, 언어 영역, 인지 영역 순으로 나타났다. 넷째, 음악적 개입별로 살펴본 결과 많은 연구에서 특정한 음악적 기법을 사용하기 보다는 노래 부르기와 악기 연주 위주의 음악적 개입이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 국내 음악치료의 주 임상 대상인 아동과 관련된 연구의 경향을 알아봄으로써, 지금까지의 학문적 연구 성과와 보완점을 파악할 수 있었다. 이를 바탕으로, 본 연구는 앞으로의 아동 대상 음악치료 연구가 나아가야 할 방향을 제시해 줄 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2017

본 연구는 소방관의 정신건강 향상을 위한 기초 자료의 수집을 목적으로 문헌 연구와 선행연구 결과들을 근거로 다음과 같은 연구 문제를 설정하여 연구하였다. 첫째, 소방관의 인구통계학적 특성과 PTSD 간에 어떤 관련성이 있는가? 둘째, 소방관의 인구통계학적 특성과 회복탄력성 간에 어떤 관련성이 있는가? 셋째, 소방관의 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)와 회복탄력성 간에 어떤 관련성이 있는가? 본 연구에서 사용한 측정도구는 회복탄력성 측정 척도, 외상후 스트레스 장애 측정 척도였다. 수집된 자료를 분석하기 위해 상관분석과 회귀분석을 실시하였고, 이런 분석은 SPSS (PASW Statistic) 22.0 프로그램을 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하여 연구문제별로 제시 하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 소방공무원의 인구통계학적 특성은 PTSD에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 선행연구들과 일치하는 결과로서, 실효성 있는 방안의 마련이 시급함을 시사한다. 둘째, 소방공무원의 인구통계학적 특성은 상담경험만이 회복탄력성에 유의한 영향력을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 이는 소방관들의 회복탄력성 수준이 낮아져 있는 상태를 의미하며, 향상을 위해 상담 교육의 강화가 필요함을 시사한다. 셋째, 소방공무원의 회복탄력성 수준은 PTSD에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되어 PTSD의 보호 요인의 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 하위 요인별 접근에서는 자기조절력이 유의한 영향력을 미치는 것으로 확인되어, PTSD로부터 보호를 위해 자기조절력을 강화하는 상담 교육이 필요함을 시사한다.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.80-88
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• 2003

Rehabilitation has emerged in recent years as major topic for the handicaped in industrial accident compensation insurance(IACI). Specially social support helps the handicaped adjust themselves psychosocially to handicap. This study was conducted to examine different contents and perceived social support, and provide guidlines for specific and proper rehabilitation for the handicaped of IACI. This study is a descriptive study which were collected through two phases using structured questionnaire. In the first stage, surveys were performed via telephone interviews. In the second stage, surveys were performed via home-visit subjects in the first stage included the handicaped of IACI. Finally data were collected from 338 subjects and analyzes by SPSS/PC+10. The instruments of this study were the perceived social support scale which developed by Lee(1996). These scales in the form of 5-point Likert type, consists of 20 items, including 3 subscales of emotional support, informational support, instrumental support. The mean score of social support was 57.2, emotional support 21.0, informational support 21.2 and instrumental support 15.2. The mean of depression for psychosocial factors is 37.5. Threre were significant differences in total perceived social support; age, job status, handicaped degree in IACI, post-traumatic complication and use of instrument. Emotional support was significant differences; age, number of dependent family, job status, handicaped degree in IACI, use of instrument and depression. Informational support was significant differences; job status, posttraumatic complication, use of instrument and depression. Instrumental support was significant differences; sex, job status, handicaped degree in IACI, use of instrument, and depression. The current system of the Labor Welfare institute is not appropriate for solving health problems of the handicaped in IACI. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the plan which can provide the handicaped in IACI high-quality rehabilitation services, so that they must use those services in the community without being dependent on hospitals. This study proposes home visit nursing services as the way to provide various health services within community for the handicaped in IACI.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.441-450
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of cancer prevention and early detection education on cancer-related knowledge, attitudes, and preventive health behavior of middle-aged women in Korea. The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this study were 38 middle-aged women from a church in Taegu. An Experimental group of 19 and a control group of 19 women were studied. The study was conducted from September 21, 2000 to October 27, 2000. The cancer prevention and early detection education had been provided to the experimental group for 2 weeks. The contents of the education program for the third most prevalent cancer of Korean women were : 'the risk factors of cancer', 'the early symptoms of cancer', 'the diagnostic test for cancer detection', and 'the cancer prevention methods'. The instruments used for this study were modified, cancer-related knowledge, and attitude, preventive health behavior tools of Suh et al.(1998). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, $\chi^2$-test, t-test, ANCOVA with SPSS WIN 9.0/PC. The results were as follows : 1) Hypothesis 1 that the women who get cancer prevention and early detection education will have higher scores of the cancer-related knowledge than the women do not get cancer prevention and early detection education was accepted(F=4.732, p=.037). 2) Hypothesis 2 that the women who get cancer prevention and early detection education will have higher scores of cancer-related attitudes than the women do not get cancer prevention and early detection education was rejected(F=.118, p=.733). 3) Hypothesis 3 that the women who get cancer prevention and early detection education will have higher scores of cancer-related preventive health behavior than the women who do not get cancer prevention and early detection education was rejected(F=2.250, p=.143). On the basis of the above findings, the following recommendations are suggested : 1) It is necessary to identify the variables affected on cancer-related knowledge, attitudes and preventive health behavior. 2) It is necessary to develop a well organized cancer prevention and early detection education program to change cancer-related attitude and preventive health behavior.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제35권6_3호
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• pp.1187-1195
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• 2019

우리는 처음으로 이산화탄소 지중 저장소에서 지표로 누출되는 이산화탄소를 원격으로 탐지 및 농도를 측정하는 라만 라이다 시스템을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 라만 라이다의 송신단은 355 nm 파장에서 80 mJ의 에너지를 가진 레이저, 빔 익스펜더(Beam expender)로 구성되어 있으며 수신단은 망원경, 광학 수신기 및 검출기 등으로 구성된다. 실내 이산화탄소 셀 측정에서 라만 라이다의 이산화탄소 농도 측정 정확도는 99.89%였다. 또한, 우리는 라만 라이다의 이산화탄소 원거리 측정 능력을 평가하기 위해서 부경대학교에서 2019년 10월에 일주일간 야외 측정을 수행하였다. 이산화탄소 지점 측정 장비는 라만 라이다로 부터 300 m, 350 m 떨어진 곳에 위치하였다. 야외 측정 결과에서 라만 라이다로 측정된 이산화탄소 농도와 지점 측정 장비로 측정된 이산화탄소 농도와 좋은 상관관계를 보여준다. 라만 라이다와 지점 측정 장비로 측정된 이산화탄소 농도도 사이의 상관 계수(R), 평균 절대 오차(Mean Absolute Error; MAE), 평균 제곱근 오차(Root Mean Square Error; RMSE), 는 각각 0.67, 2.78 ppm, 3.26 ppm 이다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.808-819
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to examine the stressors and coping strategies of school -age children and to explore the relationship between stressful life events and health symptoms and the effects of coping and trait anxiety which is theoretically considered to mediate the relationship between stress and health symptom. The study subjects consisted of 639 elementary school children in the fourth to sixth grade living in Seoul. Of the 639 subjects, 348 were boys and 291 were girls. The mean age was 11.35 (SD=.86). The Feel Bad Scale(FBS), Schoolager's Coping Strategy Inventory(SCSI), Spielberger's Trait Anxiety Scale for Children(STAIC), and Health Symptom Questionnaire (HSQ) were adapted for this study. A pilot study was undertaken to ascertain the reliability and validity of the instruments. The Cronbach alphas of FBS, SCSI, STAIC and HSQ were from .81 to .92. The Researcher and a research assistant visited the school and data were collected in the class using the questionnaire method after an explanation of the purpose and procedures was given to the children. Data collection was done during the period between Nov.25 to Dec.19, 1995. Using the SAS statistical program, percentages, t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple regression were used for data analysis. The result are as follows : 1. The mean score for the FBS was 204.79(range : 48-472) and there was a significant difference according to grade. The most severe stressors perceived by children were parental divorce and death or illness of family members. The most frequently experienced stressful life events were conflict with siblings and being home alone. 2. The mean score for the SCSI was 57.36(range : 9-118) and there was a significant difference according to grade. The most frequently used, and perceived as helpful, coping strategies were distraction and cognitive activities. 3. The mean score for the HSQ were 20.7(range : 0-81) and there were significant differences according to grade and sex. The percentage of the children answering that they perceived their health state as not good was 3.9%. 4. The mean score for the STAIC was 33.76 and there were significant differences according to grade and sex. 5. There was a significant relationship between stressful life events and health symptoms ( r=.53, p<.01). Also, Stressful life events were postively related with coping strategies(r=.39, p<.01). Trait anxiety was highly correlated with health symptoms(r=.72, p<.01). 6. To examine the multivariate effects of the variables to health symptoms, multiple regression was performed. Stressful life events, coping, trait anxiety, and health concerns were identified as significant variables. Explanation of the health symptoms by these variables was 56.78%. The study revealed that stressful life events correlated with health symptoms in school-age children and coping and trait anxiety had mediating effects on this relationship. The implication for nursing is that there is a need to develop supportive interventions for high risk population to decrease health problems due to stress. Also, it is recommended that a study be conducted to explore protective factors for the prevention of health problems in children.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.174-190
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• 1998

Osteoporosis has been known as a common complication of rheumatoid arthritis and a major preventable health problem. Lots of studios have demonstrated that changes in life style can help delay or prevent osteoporosis. Therefore nursing intervention related osteoporosis prevention have consisted of education programs aimed at changing dietary and exercise habit. However knowledge gained from education haven't always leaded to behavior change. Therefore it is important to consider other psychological variables in effecting behavior change. Numerous research have found self efficacy and health belief to be an important factor in individual decision making behavior. The purpose of the study was to develop health belief and efficacy expectation promoting program based on Health Belief Model & Self Efficacy Model and to investigate its effects in women with rheumatoid arthritis. For this purpose, one group pretest-post design was used. The subject of the study were 16 women with rheumatoid arthritis in Pusan city and data collection was carried out from April, 1997 to May, 1998. The intervention program was consisted of educating on osteoporosis and enhancing and reinforcing self efficacy by verbal persuasion during the period of 4 weeks. The instruments were used to collect data in this study were Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale, Osteoporosis Self Efficacy Scale, and Osteoporosis Preventive Behavior Scale. Data was analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test using SPSS $PC^+$ program. The results are as follows : 1) The behavior should be increased after intervention was supported(Z=-3.5162, p=.0004, diet : Z=-3.2942, p=.0010, exercise). 2) The sub-hypothesis that perceived sensitivity should be increased after intervention was supported (Z=-2.3854, p=.0171). 3) The sub-hypothesis that perceived severity should be increased after intervention was rejected(Z=-1.4327, p=.1520). 4) The sub-hypothesis that perceived benefit should be increased after intervention was supported(Z=-2.6410, p=.0083). 5) The sub-hypothesis that perceived barrier should be decreased after intervention was supported (Z=-2.4138, p=.0158). 6) The sub-hypothesis that efficacy expectation should be increased after intervention was supported(Z=-3.5162, p=.0004). As a conclusion, it was found that health belief and self efficacy promoting program was an effective nursing intervention for preventing osteoporosis of rheumatoid arthritis.

• 공업화학
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.44-51
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• 1998

본 실험에서 QCA를 사용하여 $NaClO_4$, $LiClO_4$, $KClO_4$전해질 용액에서 전기중합한 폴리피롤 박막의 점탄성 특성을 in situ 분석하였다. 수정진동자를 특수 제작한 전기화학 분석셀에 넣어 수정진동자의 한쪽 전극을 작용전극으로 사용하였다. 공진주파수와 공진저항 상관도 (F-R)도를 이용하여 폴리피롤 박막의 점탄성을 해석하였고 AFM 사진과 비교 검토하였다. 피롤을 정전류에서 중합하여 피막한 수정진동자를 이용하여 순환전위주사하면서 공진주파수, 공진저항, 전류를 측정하여 폴리피롤 박막의 산화-환원 반응 거동을 분석하였다. 본 실험 결과, 전기중합 초기에는 피롤 박막이 탄성적으로 거동하다가 중합되어 감에 따라 점차 점탄성막으로 변하여 감을 알 수 있었다. 동시에 박막 사이로 전해질 용액이 침투됨에 따라 박막의 두께가 증가하면서 표면 형상도 변화하였다. 이와 같은 현상은 중합할 때의 전해질과 전위주사할 때의 전해질 용액을 변화시키면서 순환전위주사하여도 발생하였다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.639-647
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• 2002

Purpose: Sexuality is important for the quality of life in old men, but this issue has been less explored due to social prejudice. Therefore, this study was carried out to describe a correlation between sex life and depression perceived by old men. Method: The subjects were 370 old men who were aged over 60 and lived in a city and three provinces. Instruments used in this study were Perception of Sex life Scale 01 items) and Depression Scale (20 items). The data was collected from December 2001 to February 2002 by written responses of the subjects to the questionnaire as well as one-to-one interview by research assistants for subjects. Statistical analysis for the data was done using SPSS and the level of significance was tested at 95% of confidence interval. Result: 1) Mean age of the subjects was $69.35{\pm}5.70$. A total of 253 subjects (68.6%) had spouse, and 191 of the subjects (52.3%) had sexual intercourse as frequently as 3 times per month. The average score for perception of sex life was $21.25{\pm}5.06$, out of the total score of 44, and that of depression was $35.08{\pm}9.29$ out of the total score of 80. 2) Perception of sex life was statistically significant by age, education, disease, medication, living arrangement, marital status, presence of girlfriend, pattern of inter-coitus, pocket money age of last coitus, subjective health state, and relationship (P<0.05). 3) Depression was statistically significant by age, education, disease. medication, living arrangement, marital status, satisfaction for marriage life, pattern of inter-coitus, feeling for change of sex life, pocket money, subjective health state, and relationship (P<0.05). 4) The correlation between perception of sex life and depression was negative, showing that depression tended to decrease as perception of sex life increases. Conclusion: It is concluded that depression in old men is closely related to their sex life. Positive sex life may have an important effect on the quality of life in old men.