• Korea Journal of Cosmetic Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.33-46
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• 2020

Cosmetics are representative complex fluids, and there have been many studies focusing on the correlation between the rheological properties and sensory attributes. Various instrumental measurements have been suggested to evaluate the sensory attributes, and one of the most common instruments is Texture Analyzer (TA). Although it is reported that the adhesiveness measured by TA is related to the stickiness of cosmetics, there exists reproducibility problem because measurements with TA are sensitive to application conditions. In this study, an instrumental protocol using rotational rheometer has been set up to measure the stickiness of cosmetics. This protocol consists of two steps. The first step is a preconditioning step, and various types of shear deformations are applied to the samples. The next step is the extensional flow and the axial force is measured. When the amplitude of the shear flow corresponded to the linear viscoelastic region, the axial force is the same as those without preconditioning. On the other hand, an axial force decreases as variation nonlinearity increases. It is because the effects of microstructure changes caused by nonlinear deformation affects the extensional flow. It is worth noting that a new protocol facilitates to evaluate the stickiness of cosmetics in a more systematic way.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.246-253
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular diversity of rhizobacteria associated with ginseng of varying age levels and their plant benefiting attributes. A total of 143 different isolates belonging to 15 different bacterial genera were recovered. Although variation was found in the rhizobacterial community due to age of the plant, majority of bacteria belong to Firmicutes (58%). In which, Bacillus was found to be the predominant genus irrespective of age of the ginseng. To assess the plant benefiting attributes, 30 representative isolates were selected. The results indicated that some of the isolates could exhibit multiple plant growth promoting traits like secretion of cell wall degrading enzymes, production of indole-3-acetic acid, synthesis of siderophores, solubilization of phosphates and soil pathogens inhibition. It can be suggested that strains of B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. velezensis, and B. licheniformis were positive for all the above traits, which have potential to be used as plant growth promoting inoculants to improve ginseng crop in the future.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-32
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate the competitiveness of ports in ASEAN(Association of Southeast Asian Nations), which plays a leading role in basing the hub of global logistics strategies as a countermeasure in changes of logistics environments. This region represents most severe competition among Mega Hub ports in the world in terms of container cargo throughput at the onset of the 21st century. The research method in this study accounted for overlapping between attributes, and introduced the HFP method that can perform mathematical operations. The scope of this study was strictly confined to the ports of ASEAN, which cover the top 100 of 350 container ports that were presented in Containerization International Yearbook 2002 with reference to container throughput. The results of this study show Singapore in the number one position. Even when we compare with major ports in Korea (after getting comparative ratings and applying the same data and evaluation structure), the number one position still goes to Singapore and then Busan(2) and Manila(2), followed by Port Klang(4), Tanjung Priok(5), Tanjung Perak(6), Bangkok(7), Inchon(8), Laem Chabang(9) and Penang(9). In terms of the main contributions of this study, it is the first empirical study to apply the combined attributes of detailed and representative attributes into the advanced HFP model which was enhanced by the KJ method to evaluate the port competitiveness in ASEAN. Up-to-now, none has comprehensively conducted researches with sophisticated port methodology that has discussed a variety of changes in port development and terminal transfers of major shipping lines in the region. Moreover, through the comparative evaluation among major ports in Korea and ASEAN, the presentation of comparative competitiveness for Korean ports is a great achievement in this study. In order to reinforce this study, it needs further compensative research, including cost factors which could not be applied to modeling the subject ports by lack of consistently quantified data in ASEAN.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.594-597
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• 2007

We present in this paper a novel mid and long term power load prediction method using temporal pattern mining from AMR (Automatic Meter Reading) data. Since the power load patterns have time-varying characteristic and very different patterns according to the hour, time, day and week and so on, it gives rise to the uninformative results if only traditional data mining is used. Also, research on data mining for analyzing electric load patterns focused on cluster analysis and classification methods. However despite the usefulness of rules that include temporal dimension and the fact that the AMR data has temporal attribute, the above methods were limited in static pattern extraction and did not consider temporal attributes. Therefore, we propose a new classification method for predicting power load patterns. The main tasks include clustering method and temporal classification method. Cluster analysis is used to create load pattern classes and the representative load profiles for each class. Next, the classification method uses representative load profiles to build a classifier able to assign different load patterns to the existing classes. The proposed classification method is the Calendar-based temporal mining and it discovers electric load patterns in multiple time granularities. Lastly, we show that the proposed method used AMR data and discovered more interest patterns.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.53-66
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• 2001

Modern art has had a great impact on the concepts and the formal attributes of modern landscape design. This study aimed at examining the origins of modern landscape design languages especially in relation to the influence of find art during the modernist age. The formal reductionism of Cubistic paintings finally lead to the formulation of Geometrical Abstractionism which became the basic formal model for ˝Regular Style˝; one of the representative modern landscape style. This Regular Style is mostly based on the formal structure of ´Grids´, which was developed by many landscape designer like Eckbo, Kley and Halprin. On the other hand, the ´Bio-morphic Form´ originally used in Surrealistic Art became the formal model for ˝Organic Style˝; the other representative modern landscape style, developed mostly by the landscape designers like Church, Burle-Mark and Bye. Thus, ´Grids´ and ´Bio-morphic Form´ became the dual icons of modern art and modern landscape design. Although these modern landscape design styles were ground breaking departure from the conventional formal/informal tradition and expanded possibilities in formal experimentations, They also produced several crucial limitations originated from the scientific reductionism and autonomous aesthetics of modern art, like the physical and cultural discontinuation from surrounding environments and the formal alienation from the real life world, which gave rise to the emergence of post-modern thinking of landscape design.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.34
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• pp.1-26
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• 2020

In Taiwanese Daoism, the Celestial Worthy of the Ninth Heaven, Responder, Thunderbolt-bearer, and Transformer of the Universe (九天應元雷聲普化天尊) is the highest deity in the Thunder Ministry. In the the Korean new religion, Daesoon Jinrihoe (大巡真理會), he is the Supreme God. However, since the Celestial Worthy of the Ninth Heaven, Responder, Thunderbolt-bearer, and Transformer of the Universe has the same name in these two traditions, it naturally leads people to wonder whether or not they can be considered the same deity. Or failing that, it could still be asked, to what extent are these two deities related? Or it could further be asked what meaning does the Celestial Worthy of the Ninth Heaven, Responder, Thunderbolt-bearer, and Transformer of the Universe have in these two religions? Anyhow, all such questions depend on first establishing a greater degree of basic clarity. Religious scripture can serve as a cornerstone in gaining such basic clarity. Scripture almost invariably contains information regarding the divine nature, divine authority, and sacrosanctity of deities reflective of what is understood by the devotees of those religions. Clues on the precise nature of these key attributes of deity-depiction can be drawn out of scriptural accounts, and as such, the research presented in this paper will begin by comparing two relevant scriptures. The representative scriptures highlighted in this paper will be The Canonical Scripture (典經) of Daesoon Jinrihoe and The Scripture of the Jade Pivot (玉樞寶經) of Zhengyi (Orthodox Unity, 正一) Daoism. These scriptures will serve as the basis for exploration and analysis of the divine attributes of the Celestial Worthy of the Ninth Heaven, Responder, Thunderbolt-bearer, and Transformer of the Universe in terms of his divine nature, divine authority, and sacrosanctity. By comparing these two scriptural accounts of his divine attributes, the similarities and differences that arise can be properly explored. This paper endeavors to clarify the ultimate purpose of 'the Celestial Worthy of the Ninth Heaven, Responder, Thunderbolt-bearer, and Transformer of the Universe.' In this paper, the first step will be an exploration of scriptural analysis. The contents of this paper is roughly divided into four sections. The first section is an exploration of the general contents of the two scriptures, including their origin, contents, and value. The second section focuses on the three main divine attributes of the Celestial Worthy of the Ninth Heaven, Responder, Thunderbolt-bearer, and Transformer of the Universe: his divine nature, divine authority, and sacrosanctity. The third section will compare the depictions of the deity in the two scriptural accounts in terms of those three attributes. Lastly, the deity's evolutionary history in both religions is shown and compared and final remarks are made on the contemporary value of the Celestial Worthy of the Ninth Heaven, Responder, Thunderbolt-bearer, and Transformer of the Universe.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.251-260
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• 2000

Seismic performance evaluation systems require rational classification of structure systems, proper evaluation criteria, and their scoring index for synthesis. Current seismic performance systems need expert judgments based on collection of available data, approximate analysis of important items, and various scoring system. This study presents a three-step seismic performance evaluation system for building structures in Korea. Each evaluation step determines the seismic performance and the method depends on the degree of refinement of analysis. The preliminary step evaluation involves the global attributes of structures such as vertical irregularity, asymmetric plan, redundancy, and age of structures. The second step requires an elastic analysis for estimation of forces acting on critical sections and checks the strength and ductility. The final step requires inelastic capacity of structures. Each stephas own evaluation scheme with proper weighing factor dependent on the importance and consequence. This study applies the fuzzy theory to a scoring method that synthesizes the individual quantity to a representative value.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.107-127
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• 2006

Understanding characteristics of Internet businesses from cross-cultural perspective could offer valuable insights on developing business strategy and policy. This work is concerned with revealing divergence and convergence of Internet business models in their financial performance, given organizational conditions and cultural context. For this, we studied the association between organizational attributes (core activity, origination, firm age, and industry) and their effects on a firm's financial performance (gross revenue and net income). Relevant data was gathered from representative Internet firms in Korea and U.S. Data analysis indicated that there exist both similarities and differences between Korea and U.S and year 2003 and 2006. While core activities and industry types of U.S. firms has not been changed much between the periods, Korean firms show much difference. In addition, while core activities and industry type were found to have strong relationship with financial performance, age and origination of a firm weak connections with financial performance. This study is expected to provide a foundation for developing more robust and systematic research model and performing further empirical research in this area.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.83-100
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• 2004

Understanding characteristics of Internet businesses from a cross-cultural perspective could offer valuable insights on developing business strategies and policies. This work is concerned with revealing divergence and convergence of Internet businesses in their financial performance, given organizational conditions and cultural context. For this, we studied the association between static organizational attributes (core activity, origination, firm age, and industry type) and a firms financial performance (gross revenue and net income). Relevant data was gathered from representative Internet firms in Korea and U.S. Data analysis indicated that, besides industry type, overall connection between selected organizational variables and financial performance was weak. Cross-national comparison showed that Korean firms financial performance was comparable to U.S firms during the period of economic turbulence. A noticeable difference was that Korean Internet firms and their business models were more service-oriented than U.S. counterparts.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.55-77
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• 2003

In this study, some issues that are related to embody the original conception and ideal of action learning are explored in terms of misunderstanding and misuse of action learning in Korean corporate context. The conception of action learning is deconstructed through the lens of 'action' and 'learning' concept, followed by conceptual analysis to the nature of 'action' and 'learning'. Based upon this conceptual deconstruction of 'action' and 'learning', this study is conducted to categorize the concept of 'action' and 'learning' into several representative attributes. Categorization of 'action' and 'learning' leads to draw some adjectives, for examples, reflective, dynamic, complex, nonlinear, that are critical for characterizing action learning. That is, the nature and ideal of action learning are critically reviewed with the reconceptualization of 'action' and learning, which are deconstructed. The Discussion of final thoughts is on what kinds of knowledge perspectives action learning holds in comparison with those of knowledge management and on how to facilitate knowledge construction and sharing with action learning.