• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.56-62
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• 2003

The liver progenitor cells could form a potential target cell population fore both tumor-initiating and -promoting chemicals. Induction of drug-metabolizing and antioxidant enzymes, including AhR-dependent CYP1A1, NQO-1 and AKR1C9, was detected in the rat liver epithelial WB-F344 "stem-like" cells. Additionally, WB-F344 cells express a functional, wild-type form of p53 protein, a biomarker of genotoxic events, and connexin 43, a basic structural unit of gap junctions forming an important type of intercellular communication. In this cellular model, two complementary assays have been established for detection of the modes of action associated with tumor promotion: inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and proliferative activity in confluent cells. We found that the PAHs and PCBs, which are AhR agonists, released WB-F344 cells from contact inhibition, increasing both DNA synthesis and cell numbers. Genotoxic effects of some PAHs that lead to apoptosis and cell cycle delay might interfere with the proliferative activity of PAHs. Contrary to that, the nongenotoxic low-molecular-weight PAHs and non-dioxin-like PCB congeners, abundant in the environment, did not significantly affect cell cycle and cell proliferation; however both groups of compounds inhibited GJIC in WB-F344 cells. The release from contact inhibiton by a mechanism that possibly involves the AhR activation, inhibition of GJIC and genotoxic events induced by environmental contaminants are three important modes of action that could play an important role in carcinogenic effects of toxic compounds. The relative potencies to inhibit GJIC, to induce AhR-mediated activity, and to release cells from contact inhibition were determined for a large series of PAHs and PCBs and their metabolites. In vitro bioassays based on detection of events on cellular level (deregulation of GJIC and/or proliferation) or determination of receptor-mediated activities in both ?$stem-like^{\circ}{\times}$ and hepatocyte-like liver cellular models are valuable tools for detection of modes of action of polyaromatic hydrocarbons. They may serve, together with concentration data, as a first step in their risk assessment.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.355-361
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• 2011

Effects of aluminum (Al) on plasma vitellogenin (VTG), alkaline-labile phosphorus (ALPP), calcium (Ca), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), the hepatosomatic index (HSI), and hepatic Al concentration were examined in estradiol-$17{\beta}$ ($E_2$)-administered immature rockfish Sebastes schlegeli. Fish were injected intraperitoneally with $E_2$ (5 mg/kg body weight [BW]) and/or Al (0, 0.1, 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg BW) and plasma and liver samples were extracted 7 days later. After sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the relative amount of VTG was determined by integrated optical density. VTG accounted for 23.6% of the total proteins in the control group, but this value decreased with increasing Al administration. Al reduced the concentrations of ALPP and Ca in a concentration-dependent manner and significant reduction occurred at Al concentrations greater than 5 mg/kg. The concentration of GPT increased in a concentration-dependent manner in all Al-administered rockfish. The concentrations of Al in the liver also increased, and HSI was decreased, in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that Al inhibits $E_2$-induced VTG production by being toxic to hepatocytes in marine fish.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.670-676
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• 1999

The effect of exercise and/or high fat diet on carnitine status and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I(CPT I) level were investigated in Weanling Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were fed an AIN 76 diet or a modified high fat AIN diet, supplemented with 35% corn oil, for 31 days. During the 31 day period half of the animals in each dietary group were exercised on a treadmill for 90 minutes per day. Carnitine concentrations were determined in plasma and liver and CPT I mRNA levels were measured by Northern blot analysis with CPT I cDNA probe in livers of rats. Exercise rats gained less weight than non exercised rats during the study for high fat diet group. Exercise rats had a higher plasma acid soluble acylcarnitine and acid insoluble acylcarnitine concnetrations than non exercised rats for normal diet group. Exercise or high fat diet increased liver carnitine concentration, but a mixed effect was not shown. In exercised rats, CPT I mRNA levels increased significantly relative to those of nonexercised rats. CPT I mRNA levels also increased when compared high fat fed rats with those of normal diet fed rats. These data suggest that there is a correlation between carnitine concen trations and CPT I mRNA levels and that CPT I can be regulated at the transcriptional level by exercise and/or high fat diet.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.123-128
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• 1983

본 시험에 공시된 오골계 50수는 본 대학교 가금학교실에서 부화한 것이고. 메추리 50수는 경남금해에서 부화한 것이었다. 본 시험은 부화후 24시간경에 실시하였으며, 조사항목은 12개로서 생체중, 두, 안구, 뇌, 심장, 간장, 신장, 위, 소장, 대장 및 란황낭의 중량을 측정한 종과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 메추리의 조사항목중, 생체중량은 6.54$\pm$0.082g, 두의 중량은 1.38$\pm$0.013g, 안구의 중량은 0.29$\pm$0.004g, 뇌의 중량은 0.24$\pm$0.006g, 심장의 중량은 0.08$\pm$0.002g, 간장의 중량은 0.21$\pm$0.005g, 폐의 중량은 0.06$\pm$0.002g, 신장의 중량은 0.05$\pm$0.002g, 위의 중량은 0.46$\pm$0.010g, 소장의 중량은 0.24$\pm$0.008g, 대장의 중량은 0.10$\pm$0.004g 그리고 란황낭의 중량은 0.28$\pm$0.016이었다. 2. 오골계의 조사항목중, 생체중량은 26.60$\pm$0.491g, 두의 중량은 4.28$\pm$0.071g, 안구의 중량은 0.64$\pm$0.039g, 뇌의 중량은 0.55$\pm$0.025g, 심장의 중량은 0.21$\pm$0.012g, 간장의 중량은 0.77$\pm$0.030g, 폐의 중량은 0.31$\pm$0.006g, 신장의 중량은 0.08$\pm$0.006g, 위의 중량은 1.53$\pm$0.076g, 소장의 중량은 0.73$\pm$0.036g, 대장의 중량은 0.42$\pm$0.031g 그리고 란황낭의 중량은 2.65$\pm$0.297g 이었다. 3. 메추리와 오골계의 중란중량에 대한 생체중량 및 각 장기중량의 비율을 타 실용계와 비교한 결과, 메추리의 안구중량과 뇌중량은 타 실용계와 오골계에 비하여 월등히 큰 것이었고, 오골계의 뇌의 중량, 심장의 중량, 간장의 중량, 폐장의 중량, 신장의 중량, 위의 중량 및 소장의 중량은, 타 실용계와 메추리에 비하여 적은 경향이었다는 것이 특이하였으며, 그 외의 항목간에는 대동소이하였다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2001

도축 후 생산되는 돼지 혈액과 간을 이용한 효모의 최적 배양조건과 효모배양물이 육계의 성장에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 10% 돼지 혈액 상등액에 Glucose 5%를 첨가 한 BSG 배지와 20% 간 상등액에 Glucose 5%를 첨가한 LSG배지에서 24시간 동안 효로를 배양한 결과 YEPD(Yeast Exract(DIFCO) 1%, Bacto Pepton(DIFCO) 2%, Glucose 4%)배지에서 자란 효모의 수보다 각각 4%, 10% 증가하였다. 효모수를 증가하기 위해 BSG 배지에 첨가한 Ammonium sulfate 최적 농도는 각각 24시간 배양하였을 때 100mM(1.3%)이었으며, 48시간 배양하였을 때에는 50mM(0.65%)로 나타났다. BSG 배지에서 효모배양의 최적 pH는 약 6에서 7 정도였다. LSG 배지에서 Ammonium sulfate와 Taurine을 1%씩 첨가하였을 때 첨가하지 않은 배지에 비해 효모수가 각각 18%와 9% 증가하였을 때 체중이 무첨가구에 비해 4주령에서 10% 증가하였다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과 도축부산물인 혈액과 간을 가축사료를 위한 효모배양 배지 원료로서 재활용할 수 있다는 것을 의미한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.677-679
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• 2001

Effect of Growell a herbomineral premix was evaluated on performance, organ weight, humoral immune response, tissue and serum trace element profile of boilers. Day old 50 Babcock broiler chicks were randomly divided in two groups (C and T) and reared on deep litter system for 6 weeks of age. Chicks from group C were given basal diet while chicks from T group were fed basal diet supplemented with Growell at the rate 0.35 g/Kg. The chicks were vaccinated with Lasota strain of NCDV at $4^{th}$ and $28^{th}$ day of age. The birds receiving Growell treatment had higher body weight with better feed conversion ratio as compare to that of control chicks. Growell treatment had significantly reduced per cent weight of spleen and kidney, whereas that of bursa was increased. There was no effect of treatment on relative weight of thymus. HI antibody titer against NCDV in Growell treated chicks were higher as compare to untreated chicks indicating better humoral immune status. Growell treatment had no effect on serum Fe and Zn concentration. Dietary supplementation of Growell had significantly increased iron content of liver, kidney and muscle; zinc content of kidney and muscle; copper content of kidney and muscle and Mn content of kidney. Growell treatment improved the body weight, FCR and humoral immune status of broilers. Similarly, deposition of trace minerals in various organs was also increased in comparison to control.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.1137-1143
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• 1999

This study investigated the effect of tea fungus/kombucha beverage(TF) protein concentrations and enzyme activities in serum of both normal and diabetic male rats. Sprague Dawley growing rats were randomly assigned to one control and five diabetic groups. In five diabetic groups, D control group was fed drinking water and the other groups were fed drinking water supplemented with 20 or 40% TF (20 or 40% TFD group, respectively) and 20 or 40% disinfected TF(20 or 40% TFSD group, respectively) for 7 weeks. Diabetes was experimentally induced in all five diabetic groups by streptozotocin injection after 3 week feeding. The diabetic groups were significantly decreased the body weight( 29.4~ 48.6g) compared with those in control group(72.4g). The total liver and kidney weights in all diabetic groups were similar to those in control group, but those relative to body weights in all diabetic groups were heavier than those in control group. The total spleen weight in all diabetic groups was significantly decreased compared with those in control group, but those relative to body weights in all diabetic groups were similar to those in control group. The blood glucose levels were heigher in all diabetic groups than those in control group. The alkaline phosphatase activity in serum was higher in all experimental groups than those in control group, but it was lower in 40% TFD, 20% and 40% TFSD groups than those in D control group. The GPT activity was significantly increased in D control, 20% and 40% TFD groups than in control group. The GOT activity was significantly increased in D control goup than in control group, but those in all TFD and TFSD groups were similar to control group. The total protein concentration in all diabetic groups was significantly decreased compared with that in control group, but the albumin concentration showed almost the same levels in all the experimental groups. The ratio of albumin/globulin, and hem atocrit value were significantly increased in all diabetic groups than in control group. These results show that tea fungus/kombucha beverage with which diabetic rats were fed has not recovered the decreased body weight, lowered serum total protein level, hypertrophy of liver and kidney, hyperglycemia to the normal state.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2019

Objective: An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feed intake restriction during late pregnancy on the function, anti-oxidation capability and acute phase protein synthesis of ovine liver. Methods: Eighteen time-mated ewes with singleton fetuses were allocated to three groups: restricted group 1 (RG1, 0.18 MJ ME/kg $W^{0.75}$ d, n = 6), restricted group 2 (RG2, 0.33 MJ ME/kg $W^{0.75}$ d), n = 6) and a control group (CG, ad libitum, 0.67 MJ ME/kg $W^{0.75}$ d, n = 6). The feed restriction period was from 90 days to 140 days of pregnancy. Results: The ewe's body weight, liver weights, water, and protein content of liver in the restricted groups were reduced compared with the CG group (p<0.05), but the liver fat contents in the RG1 group were higher than those of the CG group (p<0.05). The increased hepatic collagen fibers and reticular fibers were observed in the restricted groups with the reduction of energy intake. The concentrations of nonesterified free fatty acids in the RG1 and RG2 groups were higher than those of the CG group with the reduction of energy intake (p<0.05), but there were decreased concentrations of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase in both restricted groups compared with the CG group (p<0.05). In addition, the increased concentrations of ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyric acid, triglycerides, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity and activities of superoxide dismutase activity and catalase were found in the RG1 group, and the concentrations of cholinesterase in the RG1 group were reduced compared with the CG group (p<0.05). For the concentrations of acute phase proteins, the C-reactive protein (CRP) in the RG1 group were reduced compared with the CG group, but there were no differences in haptoglobin relative to the controls (p>0.05). Conclusion: The fat accumulation, increased hepatic fibrosis, antioxidant imbalance and modified synthesis of acute phase proteins were induced in ewe's liver by maternal malnutrition during late pregnancy, which were detrimental for liver function to accommodate pregnancy.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.812-820
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• 2002

An experiment was conducted on 190 progeny (winter -74; summer -59; rainy -57) of 12 Grey Giant rabbits (10 female +2 males), to assess the effect of different seasons in a year, on their reproductive, growth and productive performances along with feed efficiency, under sub-temperate Himalayan conditions. The daily meteorological attributes recorded during winter (October to March), summer (April to June) and rainy (July to September) seasons, and analysed were minimum and maximum temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. Various biological parameters recorded were doe weights at mating and kindling, litter size at birth, litter weight at birth, kit mortality, litter size at weaning, litter weight at weaning, weekly body weight up to 98 d and weaner mortality. Individual weight gains, dressing percentages, meat weights, liver weights, raw-pelt weights, processed pelt weights and processed pelt areas at slaughter on d 84 and 98, respectively were also recorded. The feed and fodder compositions and their nutritive values during different seasons were also analysed. Average ambient temperature during winter, summer and rainy seasons were $13.2{\pm}2.8$, $22.4{\pm}3.7$ and $24.8{\pm}2.3^{\circ}C$, respectively. The average relative humidity and total rainfall for winter, summer and rainy seasons were $68.9{\pm}1.5$% and $48{\pm}26.6$mm, $66.3{\pm}4.8$% and $125.6{\pm}56.8$ mm, and $77.3{\pm}1.3$% and $116.3{\pm}90.4$ mm, respectively. The weight of doe at mating and kindling, litter size at birth, litter weight at birth and litter size at weaning were comparatively higher whereas litter weight at weaning was significantly (p<0.05) higher during winter as compared to summer and rainy seasons. The kit mortality was significantly (p<0.05) higher during winter while the weaner mortality was significantly (p<0.05) higher during rainy season. At 84 d, the live weight per doe, slaughter weight, dressing percentage and liver weight were significantly (p<0.05) higher during winter than summer and rainy. Similarly, the gain in weight and meat weight at 84 and 98 d were significantly (p<0.05) higher during winter. The weight of raw pelt and processed pelt were recorded significantly (p<0.05) higher during winter while no difference in the area of processed pelts during different seasons could be observed. No difference in the biological performance could be observed between sexes in any of the seasons. Roughage analysis revealed comparatively higher crude protein percent and lower crude fibre percent during summer and rainy seasons than in winter. The roughage dry matter intake was comparatively higher during summer and rainy seasons vis-a-vis constant amount of concentrate supplied during all the three seasons. The digestibilities of dry matter was significantly (p<0.05) lower, whereas that of crude fiber, acid detergent fibre and cellulose were negative during winter. Interestingly, the feed:gain was exceedingly well during winter than in other seasons and it is concluded that it was the best season for production of rabbits under sub-temperate Himalayan conditions.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2021

본 연구는 White Leghorn에서 부화 후 일령(0-d, 3-d, 7-d, 14-d 및 21-d)에 따른 소화기관의 발달과 기능 및 항산화 방어작용에 대한 변화를 조사하기 위해 실시하였다. 일령에 따른 체중은 부화 후 0, 3 및 7일령까지는 변화가 적었지만, 7일령 이후에는 유의하게(P<0.05) 증가하였다. 체중에 따른 소화 장기의 상대적 무게(g/100 g BW)에서, 간의 상대적 무게는 0일령에서 현저히 낮았지만 3~7일령에 현저히 증가한 후(P<0.05) 21일령까지 유의차 없이 점차 감소하였다. 상대적 췌장 무게 역시 간 무게의 변화와 유사한 경향을 보이며, 7일령에서 최대 발달을 보였지만(P<0.05) 그 이후에는 점차 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 상대적 소장 무게와 길이의 변화는 부화 후 급격히 증가하여 7일령에서 최대 성장을 보이고(P<0.05) 점차 감소하여 21일령 이후에는 현저히 낮아졌다. 소장 점막세포의 무게는 부화 후 현저히 증가하여(P<0.05) 14일령에 최대 발달률을 보였으나 21일령에는 감소하였다(P<0.05). 이당류 분해효소의 특이적 활성도는 0일령에 가장 낮았으나, 3일령에서 유의적으로 높은 최대 활성도 증가를 보였다(P<0.05). Sucrase 활성도는 14일령 이후 유의하게 감소하였으나(P<0.05), maltase는 지속적으로 높은 활성도를 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. Leucine aminopeptiase 특이적 활성도는 0일령부터 높게 나타나 일령에 상관없이 일정하게 유지되는 것으로 나타났다. SOD와 GST 특이적 활성도는 0일령에서 가장 낮았으나, 7일령 이후 유의적으로 높은 활성도를 보였다(P<0.05). GPX 활성도는 0, 7일령과 비교 시 14일령 이후 활성도가 현저하게 증가하였다(P<0.05). 지질 과산화(MDA) 함량은 모든 일령에서 매우 낮게 나타나 일령에 따른 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로 보아, White Leghorn 병아리는 부화 후 3~7일령에서 소화 장기 발달과 소화 효소 활성도가 급격히 증가하며, 7일령 이후 체 성장과 간 조직의 대사 작용이 활발해지면서 항산화 효소의 활성도가 함께 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.