• Journal of Korean social welfare administration
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.105-130
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• 2019

This study focuses on the duration of regular donors who are one of the key resources for stable operation of nonprofit charity organizations. Regular donors can have a choice between selecting preferred target subjects on different target subjects and delegating authority to charity organizations for execution of the contribution. This study examine the comparative validity of the hypothesis of identification effect and the hypothesis of authority delegation effect. It fully uses the regular donors' data from one charitable organization called S charity organization. In analysis, it employes Weibull model among parametric survival analysis methods based on the fitness of distribution. The result showed that regular donors who delegate authority have significantly longer duration of donation than regular donors who designate and donate international target subjects. In other words, regular donors who select domestic target subjects as beneficiaries have significantly longer duration than regular donors who select international target subjects. This result suggests that in the two hypothetical explanations, domestic identification and authority delegation are equally valid. Finally, among control variables, age, committed amount each donation, status difference (regular donation vs. temporary donation) at the starting point, and the payment method were statistically significant predictors on the duration of regular donors. This study meaningfully deepen and broaden our understandings of regular donors' donation behavior and also provides strategic knowledge regarding managing and retaining regular donors for non-profit charity organizations.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.129-138
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• 2005

As the patients who need to undergo liver transplant operation continues to grow. the number of livers that are donated can not keep pace with the demand. With the development of surgery skills, the necessity for operations from living donors is increasing. Nevertheless, satisfactory research has been conducted on the factors which generally affect the living donors. In this article. therefore. researchers focused on the factors which generally affect the donating liver donor in order to design a plan for recommending liver donation from living donors. The subjects were 91 living liver donors in C university hospital from October 1. 2000 to December 31. 2003. The results on the uncertainty of living donor, by test sheet. were analyzed with SAS program. The final results were as follows: 1. The uncertainty of the living donors was 51.54 marks per full credit 100. 2. The factor with the greatest effect on donation was the possibility of survival of the donor, followed by the admission period. marriage status and age. In recommending the living donation, the rate of donor survival after the operation was 5.2 times higher than death, 5.2 times higher when the admission period was under 20 days. 5.0 times higher when married. and 27.3 times higher when the family-related donation was very active at the age of 20s than in the 50s. These results suggest that all medical staffs should care for living donors with more interest and activity to give them the least complaints in admission and the lowest possibilities for complication. To enhance the survival rate and improve the surgical success rate. on-going monitoring should include regular health-checks. and continual efforts and education should be made to care for the health condition of the living donors after donation.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.333-341
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• 2003

This study was designed to provide basic strategies of nursing intervention in order to keep and obtain healthy, responsible and regular donors by investigating and analyzing relationships of health promotion behavior. self-efficacy and self-esteem of blood-donors. The subjects collected for the research were four hundred and sixty-eight individuals who participated in platelet donation at a university hospital apheresis unit in Seoul. The data for this study were collected between May and June, 2002 using questionnaires. The results were as follows. 1. The proportion of subjects who have not had previous experience of whole blood-donation was $13.7\%$, while the proportion of subjects who have had two times previous experiences was $16.2\%$ and over five times was $30.6\%$. 2. Mean score of health promotion behavior was 2.7 (range 1-4), self-efficacy was 3.8 (range 1-5) and self-esteem was 3.3 (range 1-4), which showed higher than middle. 3. There was positive significant relationship between the number of blood-donation and health promotion behavior as well as the number of blood donation and self-efficacy. 4. Positive significant relationship existed between the number of whole blood-donation and the number of apheresis blood-donation. Therefore, to increase recurrence of blood-donation. it is necessary to establish more effective and organized nursing intervention strategies that can promote the health promotion behavior, self-efficacy and self-esteem of blood-donors.

• The Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.229-239
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• 2018

The circulatory system is closely related to the inter-relationship between the anatomy of the heart and blood vessels, and the fluid dynamic properties of blood. The physical properties of blood, which affect blood flow, are called hemorheologic factors. Hemorheologic factors, such as blood viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation, are influenced mainly by hematocrit. A higher hematocrit level results in an increase in blood viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation, which impedes the circulation itself, and tissue oxygenation. An excess of serum ferritin causes injury to vascular endothelial cells and erythrocytes via oxygen free radicals. In addition, an excess of blood can aggravatee the adverse effects of the hemorheologic parameters and induce atherogenesis, microcirculatory disturbances, and major cardiovascular events. A preventive and therapeutic approach with a phlebotomy or blood donation has been stimulated by the knowledge that blood loss, such as regular donations, is associated with significant decreases in key hemorheologic variables, including blood viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation, hematocrit, and fibrinogen. Major cardiovascular events have been improved in regular blood donors by improving blood flow and microcirculation by decreasing the level of oxidative stress, improving the hemorheologic parameters, and reducing the serum ferritin level. Confirmation of the positive preventive and therapeutic effects of blood donations on cardiovascular disease by a well-designed and well-controlled Cohort study may be good news to patients with cardiovascular disease or at risk of these diseases, as well as patients who require a transfusion.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.127-148
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• 2003

Zeolite is a porous highly interactive matrix. Zeolitic cations help to generate triplets from molecules that possess poor intersystem crossing efficiency. Certain zeolites act as electron acceptors and thus can spontaneously generate radical cations. Zeolites also act as proton donors and thus yield carbocations without any additional reagents. These reactive species, radical cations and carbocations, have long lifetime within a zeolite and thus lend themselves to be handled as ‘regular’ chemicals. Internal structure of zeolites is studded with cations, the counter-ions of the anionic framework. The internal constrained structure and the cations serve as handles for chemists to control the behavior of guest molecules included within zeolites.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2022

Backgrounds/Aims: Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is an autosomal recessive inherited disease requiring liver transplantation (LT). The objective of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological features and posttransplant courses of seven LT recipients with PFIC. Methods: This was a retrospective single-center study of patients with PFIC who underwent LT from January 2013 to June 2020. Results: Two and five patients were diagnosed with PFIC type 1 and type 2, respectively. For all seven patients, age of PFIC onset was at birth. Jaundice was present in all cases. Mean pretransplant total and direct bilirubin levels were 16.1 ± 8.1 mg/dL and 12.4 ± 6.2 mg/dL, respectively. Median patient age and body weight at LT were 10 months and 7 kg, respectively. Types of donors were mothers of patients in four and deceased donors in three. All five patients with PFIC type 2 recovered uneventfully. One patient each with PFIC type 1 underwent retransplantation due to graft failure or died due to multi-organ failure. Overall graft and patient survival rates at five years were 66.7% and 83.3%, respectively. Bile salt export pump immunohistochemical staining showed normal canalicular expression in two patients with PFIC type 1, focal loss in two patients with PFIC type 2, and total loss in three patients with PFIC type 2. Conclusions: LT is currently the only effective treatment for PFIC-associated end-stage liver diseases. It is mandatory to perform regular follow-up due to the risk of complications including steatohepatitis, especially for patients with PFIC type 1.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.239-246
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose an effective software education donation model for the social care class. The types of software education for elementary, middle, and high school for the social care class are in the order of after school classes, club activities, creative experiences, and regular classes. In elementary school students, it is effective to precede visual programming education based on block coding and to conduct curriculum convergence with SW and HW at the beginning, and high school students are carrying out text programming education like Python. Software education for social care class The contribution activity model can be classified into five types such as geographically difficult area, multicultural family areas, orphanage, reformatory, and basic livelihood security recipient. In addition, the survey results show that the students' interest in software education and their satisfaction are all very high at 96%. Effective software education for the social care class In the donation model, the lecturers consist of responsible professors, lecturers, and assistant instructors. Software training for the social care class is effective on a year-by-year basis, so that students can feel authenticity and trust. Software education contents focus on visual programming and physical computing education in elementary or middle school, and text programming and physical computing education in high school. It is necessary to construct a software education donor matching system that helps efficient management of software education donations by efficiently matching schools (consumers: elementary, middle, high school) and software education donors(suppliers).

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.149-154
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of abnormal ovarian cycles after superovulation treatment of Hanwoo donors. Thirty six, at random stages of the estrous cycle, received a CIDR. Four days later, the animals were superovulated with a total of 28AU FSH (Antorin, 2AU=1 ml) administered twice daily in constant doses over 4 days. On the 3th administration of FSH, CIDR was withdrawn and 25 mg $PGF_2{\alpha}$ was administered. Cows were artificially inseminated twice after estrous detection at 12 hr intervals. The cows received $100\;{\mu}g$ GnRH at the time of Ind insemination. Embryos were recovered 7 or 8 days after the 1st insemination. The cows were considered to have resumed ovarian cyclicity on the day of ovulation if followed by regular ovarian cycles. 50.0 percentage of the cows (18/36) had normal resumption of ovarian cyclicity (resumption within 40 days after superovulation), and 50.0% (18/36) had delayed resumption(resumption did not occur until>40 days after superovulation). Delayed resumption Type II (first ovulation did not occur until $\geq$ 40 days after superovulation, i.e. delayed first ovulation 33.3%) were the most common types of delayed resumptions. The mean numbers of total ova from < 10 and 10$\leq$ of corpora lutea (CL) was 7.3 and 13.9, respectively. The number of transferable embryos differed between < 10 and 10$\leq$ CL was 4.2 and 5.1, respectively. 11.1 percentage of the cows (4/36) did not resumption their ovarian cyclicity until 60 days after superovulation treatment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.314-319
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• 2005

To compare two different schemes, continuous scheme (CS) and discontinuous scheme (DCS), of once-weekly ovum pick up (OPU) with ultrasound-guided follicular puncture technique, Holstein heifers were randomly divided into two groups of five. After characterization of their two normal estrous cycles, the heifers were subjected to consecutive 20 weeks of once-weekly OPU under two schemes: the CS (one week interval between continuous OPU, total 100 OPU sessions performed) and the DCS (OPU fixed to the day 3 and day 10 of each estrus). Then, the status of ovaries and artificial insemination results were observed. On oocyte yield, the total number of punctured follicles using DCS was lower than that using CS, but the mean numbers of punctured follicles and recovered oocytes per session were higher in DCS than CS group. So the total number of recovered oocytes was similar in both groups. There were also no differences in the quality of recovered oocytes, nor in the developmental ability of oocytes fertilized in vitro between groups. The heifers in the DCS group showed regular estrous cycles with stable estrous signs through the periods of before, during, and after OPU, while those in CS group showed longer estrous cycles and less estrous signs during and/or after OPU compared with before period. Furthermore, the mean number of inseminations required for obtaining pregnancy after completion of the experiments was lower in DCS than CS group. The research demonstrates that similar quantity and quality oocytes can be achieved, and the side effects on donors are lower in DCS that needs fewer OPUs than CS group, and DCS is superior to CS.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of abnormal ovarian cycles after superovulation treatment of Holstein Donor Cows. CIDRs were inserted into the vaginas of twenty two head of Holstein cows, regardless of estrous cycle. Superovulation was induced using folliclar stimulating hormone (FSH). For artificial insemination, donor cows were injected with $PGF_2{\alpha}$ and estrus was checked about 48 hours after the injection. Then they were treated with 4 straws of semen 3 times, with 12-hour intervals. Embryos were collected by a non-surgical method 7 days after the first artificial insemination. The cows were considered to have resumed ovarian cyclicity on the day of ovulation if followed by regular ovarian cycles. Seventy two point seven percentage of the cows(16/22) had normal resumption of ovarian cyclicity(resumption within 40 days after superovulation), and 27.3%(6/22) had delayed resumption(resumption did not occur until>40 days after superovulation). Delayed resumption Type II(first ovulation did not occur until ${\geq}40$ days after superovulation, i.e. delayed first ovulation 13.6%) were the most common types of delayed resumptions. The mean numbers of total ova from < 10 and $10{\leq}$ of corpora lutea(CL) was $7.8{\pm}1.8$ and $12.7{\pm}2.7$, respectively. The number of transferable embryos differed between < 10 and $10{\leq}$ CL was $5.4{\pm}1.3$ and $8.1{\pm}3.4$, respectively. Four point five percentage of the cows(1/22) did not resumption their ovarian cyclicity until 60 days after superovulation treatment. Diverse researches on the superovulation treatment method that is suitable for high-producing Holstein donor cows would contribute to preventing ovarian cyclicity disorder, as well as to the early multiplication of cows with superior genes by increasing the utilization value of donor cows.