• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.263-274
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• 1999

The public health service center and its branch are, as one of public institution, responsible for providing non-profitable medical service to local residents, which can't be addressed by private medical institutes. In addition, as a planning coordinator, they need to manage local medical resources effectively to make sure local residents can be offered good-quality health service fairly and impartially. The purpose of this study was to highlight the importance of physical therapy in public health service center's successful role performance, one of treatment to which local residents had a direct access. For attaining the purpose, an investigation was made into the actual facilities of public health service center and its branches in North Cholla province, the extent of use of physicaltherapy room, and the general characteristics of physical therapists. And literatures concerned were referred to. As a result, the dominant opinion was that the current physicaltherapy room shoulder be more reinforced(38.9%) or that it should he kept as it was(46.5%). Besides, the physical therapists investigated still were serving in a poor working condition. To elevate the quality and quantity of medical service, the current way to employ expert personnels temporarily or not to guarantee the position of physiotherapists should be removed immediately. Instead, physicaltherapists should be employed as regular public official. As, in home-visit project, physiotherapist are expected to play a bigger role in rehabilitation care or the management of patients with chronic disease, the physicaltherapy room should be increased and more physicaltherapists should be provided to health service institutions.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.91-105
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• 2017

Thermal hydraulic (TH) analysis of nuclear power reactors is utmost important. In this way, the numerical codes that preparing TH data in reactor core are essential. In this paper, a subchannel analysis of a Russian pressurized water reactor (WWER1000) core with enhanced numerical code is carried out. For this, in fluid domain, the mass, axial and lateral momentum and energy conservation equations for desired control volume are solved, numerically. In the solid domain, the cylindrical heat transfer equation for calculation of radial temperature profile in fuel, gap and clad with finite difference and finite element solvers are considered. The dependence of material properties to fuel burnup with Calza-Bini fuel-gap model is implemented. This model is coupled with Isotope Generation and Depletion Code (ORIGEN2.1). The possibility of central hole consideration in fuel pellet is another advantage of this work. In addition, subchannel to subchannel and subchannel to rod connection data in hexagonal fuel assembly geometry could be prepared, automatically. For a demonstration of code capability, the steady state TH analysis of a the WWER1000 core is compromised with Thermal-hydraulic analysis code (COBRA-EN). By thermal hydraulic parameters averaging Fuel Assembly-to-Fuel Assembly method, the one sixth (symmetry) of the Boushehr Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP) core with regular subchannels are modeled. Comparison between the results of the work and COBRA-EN demonstrates some advantages of the presented code. Using the code the thermal modeling of the fuel rods with considering the fission gas generation would be possible. In addition, this code is compatible with neutronic codes for coupling. This method is faster and more accurate for symmetrical simulation of the core with acceptable results.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1131-1136
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• 2015

VoIP(Voice over Internet Protocol)와 IP Telephony 기술이 발전함에 따라 기존 회선이 아닌 인터넷 망을 사용하여 전화를 사용하는 IP-PBX(Internet Protocol Private Branch Exchange)의 사용이 증가하고 있다. IP-PBX는 전화회선을 사용하지 않아 전화 업무가 많은 기업들과 기관들의 경영비용을 절감할 수 있으며 일반전화 회선과 유사한 품질을 제공한다. 하지만 IP-PBX를 도입하기 위해선 고가의 하드웨어 장비나 상용 소프트웨어를 구매해야 하는 초기 비용이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 고가의 하드웨어 장비나 상용 소프트웨어를 구매하지 않고 IP-PBX를 도입할 수 있는 방안을 제안한다. 제안하는 IP-PBX는 Raspberry Pi와 Asterisk를 사용하여 IP-PBX 서버를 설계하고 구현한다. 그리고 구현된 IP-PBX 기반으로 PC와 스마트 폰 간의 음성 통화를 실시하여 논문의 적합성을 검증한다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.242-252
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• 1998

The inhabitation environments and growth conditions of Machilus thunbergii community in the Pyonsanbando located at southwestern area in Korea were examined and analyzed to provide some practical data to be used to establish measures for long term succession monitoring, protection and sustainable management. The Machilus thunbergii community are located at Kyokpo-ri, Pyonsan-myon, Puan-gun(35$^{\circ}$35′24"N~35$^{\circ}$ 42′30"N, 126$^{\circ}$28′18"E~126$^{\circ}$40′40"E). Within the Pyonsanbando area the mean temperature is 12.4$^{\circ}C$, the warmth index 101.5$^{\circ}C$.month, the coldness index -12.3$^{\circ}C$ month and the annual precipitation 1,016mm. The soil within the community is silt loam or clay loam and so fertile. 30 species and 1 varieties of 21 families inhabited at the community. There were 18 grown trees and 131 saplings of Machilus thunbergii within the community. The mean basal diameter, mean height, and crown width of grown trees was measured to be 57.4cm, 7.4m and 9.0~9.8m respectively. And 9 trees were full flowering, 2 trees small flowering here and there, and 7 trees non flowering in 1998. The mean branch growth length was 8.3cm, mean leaf area 18.3$\textrm{cm}^2$, mean inflorecence length 9.3cm, mean fertilization 14.5％ and mean seed diameter 7.6mm. Further rich management measure and investigation were recommended such as sapling protection, signboard construction, soil erosion controlling and regular monitoring within the community.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.49-61
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to survey the risk factors of greenhouse vegetables farmers' work-related musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs). To offer the fundamental data for agricultural improvement of greenhouse vegetable farms, the questionnaire of MSDs and heath condition were carried out. A group of 736 workers(males=492, females=244) in 6 branches constitutes the population and database for the analysis between 2004 and 2005. The sample branch was chosen based on paper are watermelon, strawberry, tomato, melon, cucumber, lettuce. The results are as follows: 1. Smoking rates in cucumber and tomato is the highest. 2. Drinking rates in strawberry, cucumber and lettuce is the highest in males, watermelon and melon are the highest in females. 3. Regular exercise rates in melon are the highest. 4. Physical and mental fatigue in females is higher than that of males in most crops except melon. That of strawberry and tomato is the highest. 5. The prevalence rates of medical diagnosed diseases are higher in order of osteoarthritis, herniated nucleus pulposus(HNP), and hypertension. That of strawberry, melon, and cucumber is high in case of osteoarthritis; Strawberry, melon, and watermelon are high in case of HNP. 6. Prevalence rates of musculoskeletal symptoms among the various pain areas are higher in order of low back, knees, and shoulders. That of tomato and watermelon is high in case of low back; strawberry and tomato are high in case of knees. These results can be used practically for agricultural improvement of greenhouse vegetables farms to prevent MSDs.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.271-277
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• 2017

PURPOSE. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of implant connection design (external vs. internal) on the fit discrepancy and torque loss of zirconia and titanium abutments. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Two regular platform dental implants, one with external connection ($Br{\aa}nemark$, Nobel Biocare AB) and the other with internal connection (Noble Replace, Nobel Biocare AB), were selected. Seven titanium and seven customized zirconia abutments were used for each connection design. Measurements of geometry, marginal discrepancy, and rotational freedom were done using video measuring machine. To measure the torque loss, each abutment was torqued to 35 Ncm and then opened by means of a digital torque wrench. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and t-test at ${\alpha}=0.05$ of significance. RESULTS. There were significant differences in the geometrical measurements and rotational freedom between abutments of two connection groups (P<.001). Also, the results showed significant differences between titanium abutments of internal and external connection implants in terms of rotational freedom (P<.001). Not only customized internal abutments but also customized external abutments did not have the exact geometry of prefabricated abutments (P<.001). However, neither connection type (P=.15) nor abutment material (P=.38) affected torque loss. CONCLUSION. Abutments with internal connection showed less rotational freedom. However, better marginal fit was observed in externally connected abutments. Also, customized abutments with either connection could not duplicate the exact geometry of their corresponding prefabricated abutment. However, neither abutment connection nor material affected torque loss values.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2006

풋고추(청양)의 육묘 온도를 주간온도는 같게 하고 야간온도를 달리하여 유묘의 화아분화와 생장 및 포장에서의 생장을 조사하였다. 육묘기간 중의 야간 온도가 높을수록 고추 묘의 엽수, 지상부 생체중 및 건물중이 증가하였고, 화아분화 및 첫 개화일은 단축되었다. 정식 후 초장, 경경, 분지장, 절간장은 저온구($28/11^{\circ}C$)에서 증가한 반면 고온구($28/21^{\circ}C$)에서 억제되었다. 측지수는 고온구에서 현저히 감소되었으나 온도 처리에 따라 주경에서 발달하는 1차분지의 수는 일정한 경향을 보이지 않았다. 고추 모종의 생장은 저온구에서 억제되었다가 하우스에 정식한 후부터 점차로 회복된 반면, 고온구는 이와 반대의 경향을 보였다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.519-527
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• 2004

This study was designed firstly to measure the job satisfaction (JS) levels of personnel engaged in contract food-service management company (CFMC), secondly to compare the job satisfaction levels by personal and company-related characteristics, and thirdly to identify the effects of JS facets on overall job satisfaction. Of 1135 respondents, there were 712 employees in the headquarters and 423 in the branch office. From an analysis on job satisfaction, overall job satisfaction level was 3.22 out of a maximum 5 and the co-worker (3.71) facet of JS was the highest job satisfaction followed by supervision (3.32), work itself (3.26), working condition (3.15), promotion (2.95) and payroll (2.74). In comparison of job satisfaction by personal characteristics, the personnel who were male (p < .01), had associate degrees (p < .01) or long-term careers in foodservice field (p < .05), or were regular employees (p < .01) perceived significantly higher than others for overall JS. In comparison of the job satisfaction by company-related characteristics, overall JS was significant by company scale (p < .01) and by work place (p < .05), but it was not significant by operating group. Finally, on the regression analysis for the effects of JS facets on overall JS, adjusted R2 was 0.534 (p < .001) and all six JS facets, especially payroll, had a positive effect on overall JS significantly (p < .001). Considering that the goal of enterprise on profit-making through customer satisfaction (CS) and the role of personnel on CS at moment of thrust (MOT), the findings confirmed the necessity for continuous internal marketing and human relation management focusing on the lower level of JS facets.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.639-654
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• 2018

Rocking motion have been used for achieving the 'resilient buildings' against earthquakes in recent studies. Low-rise buildings, unlike the tall ones, because of their small aspect ratio tend to slide rather than move in rocking mode. However, since rocking is more effective in seismic response reduction than sliding, it is desired to create rocking motion in low-rise buildings too. One way for this purpose is making the building's structure rock on its internal bay(s) by reducing the number of bays at the lower part of the building's skeleton, giving it a mushroom form. In this study 'mushroom skeleton' has been used for creating multi-story rocking regular steel buildings with square plan to rock on its one-by-one bay central lowest story. To show if this idea is effective, a set of mushroom buildings have been considered, and their seismic responses have been compared with those of their conventional counterparts, designed based on a conventional code. Also, a set of similar buildings with skeleton stronger than code requirement, to have immediate occupancy (IO) performance level, have been considered for comparison. Seismic responses, obtained by nonlinear time history analyses, using scaled three-dimensional accelerograms of selected earthquakes, show that by using appropriate 'mushroom skeleton' the seismic performance of buildings is upgraded to mostly IO level, while all of the conventional buildings experience collapse prevention (CP) level or beyond. The strong-skeleton buildings mostly present IO performance level as well, however, their base shear and absolute acceleration responses are much higher than the mushroom buildings.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2019

정보보안 컴플라이언스 및 보안규정에 의거 분기 및 정기적 형태의 네트웍 시스템 대상 취약점 점검은 사이버침해공격대응을 위해 상시 실시간 개념으로 발전시킬 필요성이 대두 된다. 이를 위해 상시 운용 관리 체계인 ESM/SIEM을 기반으로 공개된 취약점분석 점검TOOL과의 연동구현 으로 개념 검증 시 새로운 해킹공격대응 방안이 될 것으로 판단된다. 취약점점검모듈은 표준화된 이벤트 속성 관리와 운용의 편이성 취약점데이터의 글로벌 공유측면에서 공개SW Module인 owasp zap/Angry ip등을 SIEM 체계에 해당취약점모듈과의 연동 설계 구현방식으로 연구 검토 결과 web 및 network 대상 해당 취약점 모듈에 의해 점검이벤트가 SIEM 콘솔로 전송 모니터 되는 것으로 입증 되었다. 현재 사이버 관제실에서 운용중인 ESM 및 SIEM 시스템을 기반으로 해당 개념을 최적화 적용 운용할시 상용 취약점 툴 구매 비용문제와 패턴 및 버전관리에 대한 한계성 등을 고려할시 본연구가 효율적 측면으로 검토됨과 동시에 현 정보보안 컨설턴트에 의한 취약점분석결과 와 본 연구 사안으로 결과 등에 대해 상호 비교 분석 운용할시 사이버 침해공격에 대한 발전적인 개념으로 판단되므로 이에 대한 관련 사안에 대해 논고하고자 한다.