• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.607-618
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• 2013

Marine macroalgal community structures and characteristics of ocean environmental factors were examined seasonally at four sites in Jeju Island, Korea, from March to November 2012. A total of 71 macroalgal species were identified, including 9 green, 7 brown, and 55 red algae. Peyssonnelia capensis occurred at all study sites and in all seasons. The average annual biomass of seaweed was 991.84 g wet $wt/m^2$, with seasonal variations from 543.80 g in autumn to 1,284.17 $g/m^2$ in summer. A green alga, Codium coactum, was the dominant species, occupying 21.31% (211.39 $g/m^2$) of the total algal biomass in Jeju Island. Subdominant species were Ecklonia cava and Lithophyllum okamurae, comprising 20.85% (206.75 $g/m^2$) and 19.64% (194.75 $g/m^2$), respectively, of the total algal biomass in Jeju Island. The vertical distribution of subtidal seaweeds was represented by L. okamurae at 5 m depth, C. coactum at 10 m depth, E. cava at 5-10 m depth and P. capensis at the 20 m depth level. In the present study, crustose coralline algae, which predominated on barren ground, were subdominant species at all study sites. Community indices varied between 0.51-0.63 for dominance index (DI), 5.53-8.14 for richness index (R), 0.51-0.63 for evenness index (J'), and 2.04-2.32 for diversity index (H'). On the basis of seaweed biomass and community indices, Sinchang was the best preserved coastal area, showing maximal values in biomass, and evenness- and diversity-indices, and minimal value in the dominance index, representing stable environmental conditions. In contrast, the Onpyung and Topyeong sites, located near tourist venues such as Udo and Seogwipo were relatively poor habitats based on community indices and biomass. The present results could imply that climate changes alter seaweed community structure, and long-term monitoring of the study sites is required.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1339-1346
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• 2015

본 연구는 카로티노이드 생합성 유전자군이 형질전환된 Escherichia coli에서 archaea chaperonin을 공발현 시킴으로 카로티노이드의 생산량을 증대시키는 것이 목표이다. 카로티노이드는 식물, 박테이라, 조류 등이 생합성하는 노란색, 오렌지색, 붉은색 계통의 색소로 이들은 식품 또는 양식 사료로 주로 이용되는 물질이다. 본 연구자들은 선행연구를 통하여 Paracoccus haeundaensis로부터 카로티노이드 유전자군을 cloning하였고 이들 유전자군의 생화학 및 효소학적 기능성을 분석하는 연구 결과와 카로티노이드 생합성 유전자군(crtE, crtB, crtI, crtY, crtZ, crtW, crtX)을 대장균에 형질전환하여 400 μg/g dry cell weight (DCW)의 아스타잔틴을 생산하는 연구 결과를 보고 하였다. 본 연구에서는 이들 유전자군과 archaea chaperonin을 공발현시켜 대장균에서 astaxanthin을 890 μg/g dry cell weight (DCW)로 생산하였으며, 이는 선행 연구된 결과 보다 약 2배 이상의 astaxanthin 생산량을 향상 시키는 연구 결과이다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 1995

담수직파(湛水直播) 논에 발생(發生)되는 괴불을 효율적(效率的)으로 방제(防除)하기 위(爲)해 괴불의 발생(發生) 생태(生態)를 조사(調査)하고 약제(藥劑)를 이용(利用)한 방제(防除) 방법(方法)을 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 괴불의 발생(發生)은 적색광(赤色光)인 660nm광하(光下)에서 발생율(發生率)이 높았고 450nm인 청색광(靑色光)에서는 괴불발생(發生)이 억제(抑制)되었다. 2. 시비량(施肥量)이 적은 처리구(處理區)가 괴불의 발생량(發生量)이 높았고 비료(肥料)와 토양(土壤)의 혼화비율(混和比率)이 낮은 처리구(處理區)에서 괴불의 발생(發生)이 많았다. 3. 카바에이트계(系)와 트리아진계(系) 제초제(除草劑)가 괴불발생(發生) 억제효과(抑制效果)가 높았으나 발생(發生)된 괴불에 대(對)해서는 카바에이트계(系)는 발생(發生) 억제효과(抑制效果)가 없었고 트리아진계(系) 제초제(除草劑)는 발생전(發生前) 및 발생후(發生後)에도 높은 괴불 방제효과(防除效果)를 보였으며 쿠퍼등(等) 살균제(殺菌劑)도 괴불에 대(對)해 방제효과(防除效果)가 높았다. 4. 포장(圃場)에서의 괴볼 방제효과(防除效果)는 pyrazosulfuron molinate simetryne GR와 dimepiperate bensulfuron dimethametryn GR가 높은 괴불 방제효과(防除效果)를 보였고 담수직파(湛水直播)벼의 약해증상(藥害症狀)은 보이지 않았다.

• ALGAE
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2017

The red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla, a species native to the waters of Korea and Japan, has invaded marine coastal areas of Europe and the Americas, thriving in conditions that differ from those of its native habitat. In recent years, G. vermiculophylla has been discovered in the Long Island Sound (LIS) estuary growing alongside the native congener Gracilaria tikvahiae. The goal of this study was to determine whether the two strains of G. vermiculophylla from different regions of the world have evolved genetic differences (i.e., ecotypic differentiation) or if the physiological performance of the strains simply reflects phenotypic plasticity. Two strains of G. vermiculophylla (isolated in Korea and LIS) and a strain of the LIS native G. tikvahiae were grown for four weeks under temperatures ranging from 20 to $34^{\circ}C$ using a temperature gradient table (all other environmental conditions were kept constant). At the end of each week, wet weight of each sample was recorded, and thalli were reduced to the original stocking density of $1gL^{-1}$ (excess biomass was preserved for tissue carbon and nitrogen analysis). Generally, the growth rates of Korean G. vermiculophylla > LIS G. vermiculophylla > G. tikvahiae. After one week of growth G. tikvahiae grew 9.1, 12.0, 9.4, and 0.2% $d^{-1}$, at temperatures of 20, 24, 29, and $34^{\circ}C$, respectively, while G. vermiculophylla (LIS) grew 6.6, 6.2, 5.7, and 3.6% $d^{-1}$. G. vermiculophylla (Korea) grew 15.4, 22.9, 23.2, and 10.1% $d^{-1}$, much higher than the two strains currently inhabiting the LIS. On average, the LIS G. vermiculophylla strain contained 4-5% DW N, while the Korean strain and G. tikvahiae had more modest levels of 2-3% N DW. However, tissue N content declined as temperature increased in LIS and Korean G. vermiculophylla. The non-native haplotype may have evolved genetic differences resulting in lower growth capacity while concentrating significantly more nitrogen, giving the non-native a competitive advantage.

• ALGAE
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.45-59
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• 2020

To investigate the spatio-temporal distributions of the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Yihiella yeosuensis in Korean coastal waters and its grazing impact on prey populations, water samples were seasonally collected from 28 stations in the East, West, and South Seas of Korea and Jeju Island from April 2015 to October 2018. The abundances of Y. yeosuensis in the water samples were quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Simultaneously, the physical and chemical properties of water from all sampled stations were determined, and the abundances of the optimal prey species of Y. yeosuensis, the prasinophyte Pyramimonas sp. and the cryptophyte Teleaulax amphioxeia, were quantified using qPCR. Y. yeosuensis has a wide distribution, as is reflected by the detection of Y. yeosuensis cells at 23 sampling stations; however, this distribution has a strong seasonality, which is indicated by its detection at 22 stations in summer but only one station in winter. The abundance of Y. yeosuensis was significantly and positively correlated with those of Pyramimonas sp. and T. amphioxeia, as well as with water temperature. The highest abundance of Y. yeosuensis was 48.5 cells mL^-1 in Buan in July 2017, when the abundances of Pyramimonas sp. and T. amphioxeia were 917.6 and 210.4 cells mL^-1, respectively. The growth rate of Y. yeosuensis on Pyramimonas sp., calculated by interpolating the growth rates at the same abundance, was 0.49 d^-1, which is 37% of the maximum growth rate of Y. yeosuensis on Pyramimonas sp. obtained in the laboratory. Therefore, the field abundance of Pyramimonas sp. obtained in the present study can support a moderate positive growth of Y. yeosuensis. The maximum grazing coefficient for Y. yeosuensis on the co-occurring Pyramimonas sp. was 0.42 d^-1, indicating that 35% of the Pyramimonas sp. population were consumed in 1 d. Therefore, the spatio-temporal distribution of Y. yeosuensis in Korean coastal waters may be affected by those of the optimal prey species and water temperature. Moreover, Y. yeosuensis may potentially have considerable grazing impacts on populations of Pyramimonas sp.

• ALGAE
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.137-152
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• 2014

Mixotrophic protists play diverse roles in marine food webs as predators and prey. Thus, exploring mixotrophy in phototrophic protists has emerged as a critical step in understanding marine food webs and cycling of materials in marine ecosystem. To investigate the feeding of newly described mixotrophic dinoflagellate Ansanella granifera, we explored the feeding mechanism and the different types of species that A. granifera was able to feed on. In addition, we measured the growth and ingestion rates of A. granifera feeding on the prasinophyte Pyramimonas sp., the only algal prey, as a function of prey concentration. A. granifera was able to feed on heterotrophic bacteria and the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. However, among the 12 species of algal prey offered, A. granifera ingested only Pyramimonas sp. A. granifera ingested the algal prey cell by engulfment. With increasing mean prey concentration, the growth rate of A. granifera feeding on Pyramimonas sp. increased rapidly, but became saturated at a concentration of $434ngCmL^{-1}$ (10,845 cells $mL^{-1}$). The maximum specific growth rate (i.e., mixotrophic growth) of A. granifera feeding on Pyramimonas sp. was $1.426d^{-1}$, at $20^{\circ}C$ under a 14 : 10 h light-dark cycle of $20{\mu}Em^{-2}s^{-1}$, while the growth rate (i.e., phototrophic growth) under similar light conditions without added prey was $0.391d^{-1}$. With increasing mean prey concentration, the ingestion rate of A. granifera feeding on Pyramimonas sp. increased rapidly, but slightly at the concentrations ${\geq}306ngCmL^{-1}$ (7,649 cells $mL^{-1}$). The maximum ingestion rate of A. granifera feeding on Pyramimonas sp. was 0.97 ng C $predator^{-1}d^{-1}$ (24.3 cells $grazer^{-1}d^{-1}$). The calculated grazing coefficients for A. granifera feeding on co-occurring Pyramimonas sp. were up to $2.78d^{-1}$. The results of the present study suggest that A. granifera can sometimes have a considerable grazing impact on the population of Pyramimonas spp.

• ALGAE
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.37-50
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• 2021

Heterotrophic dinoflagellates Gyrodinium spp. are one of the major grazers of phytoplankton in many coastal waters. Gyrodinium dominans, G. jinhaense, and G. moestrupii have similar morphologies but different edible prey species. To explore the variations in the ecological niches of these three species, we investigated their spatial-temporal distributions in Korean waters. Because of the high similarity in morphology among these three Gyrodinium species, we used real-time polymerase chain reactions to quantify their abundance in water samples that were seasonally collected from 28 stations along the Korean Peninsula from April 2015 to October 2018. Cells of G. dominans were found at all sampling stations, G. jinhaense at 26 stations, and G. moestrupii at 22 stations, indicating that all three species were widely distributed in Korea. Furthermore, all three species displayed strong seasonal distributions. The largest numbers of the stations where G. dominans and G. jinhaense cells were present were found during the summer (26 and 23 stations, respectively), but that for G. moestrupii was found in the autumn (15 stations). The abundance of G. dominans was positively correlated with that of G. jinhaense, but not with that of G. moestrupii. The highest abundances of G. dominans (202.5 cells mL-1) and G. jinhaense (20.2 cells mL-1) were much greater than that of G. moestrupii (1.2 cells mL-1). The highest abundances of G. dominans and G. jinhaense were found in July, whereas that of G. moestrupii was found in March. The abundances of G. dominans and G. jinhaense, but not G. moestrupii, were positively correlated with water temperature. Therefore, the spatial-temporal distributions of G. dominans and G. jinhaense were closer than those of G. moestrupii and G. dominans or G. jinhaense. This differs from results based on the relative differences in ribosomal DNA sequences and the types of edible prey reported in the literature. Thus, the variations in spatial-temporal distributions and prey species of these three Gyrodinium species suggest that they may have different ecological niches in Korean coastal waters.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.308-323
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• 2021

통영 LNG 기지에서 방류되는 냉배수가 진해만에 미치는 영향을 알아보고, 냉배수의 활용 방안 모색을 위해 총 4개의 냉배수 방류량에 대한 진해만의 환경변화를 1년간(2018년) 모의하였다. 실제 냉배수 방류량인 Case1(10 m³ sec^-1)의 모의 결과, 모든 분기에서 냉배수에 의한 진해만의 환경변화는 매우 미미하게 나타났다. 모의 방류량인 Case2(100 m³ sec^-1)의 경우 방류구 반경 5 km 범위에서 1 ~ 3℃의 수온 감소를 보였으며, Case3(1000 m³ sec^-1)에서는 방류구 반경 8 km 범위에서 최대 4 ~ 5℃의 수온이 감소하였고 진해만 전 해역에 걸쳐 냉배수가 확산하는 결과를 보였다. 플랑크톤의 성장 속도는 최대 15% 감소하였으며(11월), 대형조류의 성장 속도는 행암만 부근에서 최대 6 % 증가하는 결과를 보였다. 상기 결과로부터 통영 LNG 기지에서 방류되는 냉배수에 의한 진해만의 환경변화는 미미한 것을 확인하였다. 또한 Case3 결과로부터 국소지역의 '적조 방재', '해조류 성장'을 목적으로 냉배수의 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 공업화학
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.290-295
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• 2009

해조류 중에서도 홍조류의 agar는 D-galactose와 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose로 구성되어 있기 때문에 이를 분해하면 바이오 에탄올을 생산 할 수 있는 가능성이 높다. 본 연구에서는 열처리와 산 처리를 이용하여 agar를 당화하고 이를 통해 바이오 에탄올을 생산하고자 한다. 바이오 에탄올을 생산하기 위하여 전처리 된 agar에 Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCCM1129를 접종하여 발효하였다. Agar로부터 환원당 생성의 최적조건은 0.1 N HCl이었고, $120^{\circ}C$에서 15 min 반응하는 것으로 확인되었다. 발효균주 성장을 위한 최적 염 농도는 0.1 N NaCl로 17.88 g/L까지 성장하였으며, 0.1 N 이상의 농도에서 6.78~10.76 g/L로 성장이 감소했다. 그리고 agar 16% 농도에서 최적 전처리에 의한 에탄올 생산은 10.16 g/L이었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.145-150
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• 1976

한천 원조인 꼬시레기를 여러 가지 선량의 코발트 60 감마선으로 조사하고 이에서 추출한 한천의 수율 및 특성을 조사하였으며 방사선조사한 한천분말의 품질과 비교하였다. 방사선조사한 원조에서의 한천의 수율은 조사선량이 2 Mrad 까지 상승됨에 따라 증가하였고 그 이상에서는 약간 감소하는 경향이었다. 한천의 젤화능력, 젤화점, 젤견고성 및 비점도는 1 Mrad까지 증가하였고 그이상에서는 감소하였으며 융점, 전질소, 조회분, 전유황 함량은 1 Mrad 까지 감소하였고 그 이상에서는 변화가 완만하였다. 시판용 한천분말의 방사선조사는 젤화능력, 비점도, 젤견고성의 급격한 감소와 젤화점, 융점의 완만한 감소를 가져왔다. 한천시료의 특성의 변화패던의 한천을 유리상태 또는 결합상태(해조중 존재형태)에서 조사하는가에 따라 달리 나타났다.