• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.205-211
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• 2021

Plants are important for humanity. They intervene in several areas of human life: medicine, nutrition, cosmetics, decoration, etc. The large number of varieties of these plants requires an efficient solution to identify them for proper use. The ease of recognition of these plants undoubtedly depends on the classification of these species into family; however, finding the relevant characteristics to achieve better automatic classification is still a huge challenge for researchers in the field. In this paper, we have developed a new automatic plant classification technique based on artificial neural networks. Our model uses leaf texture characteristics as parameters for plant family identification. The results of our model gave a perfect classification of three plant families of the Ivorian flora, with a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.99; an error rate (RMSE) of 1.348e-14, a sensitivity of 84.85%, a specificity of 100%, a precision of 100% and an accuracy (Accuracy) of 100%. The same technique was applied on Flavia: the international basis of plants and showed a perfect identification regression (R2) of 0.98, an error rate (RMSE) of 1.136e-14, a sensitivity of 84.85%, a specificity of 100%, a precision of 100% and a trueness (Accuracy) of 100%. These results show that our technique is efficient and can guide the botanist to establish a model for many plants to avoid identification problems.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.89-108
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• 2021

The value of culture receives the attention of the world in order to solve urban problems and revitalize cities. Cultural city policies are implemented in Korea and EU to revitalize cities by utilizing cultural values. Although the cultural city policy is effective for urban regeneration, it has not been verified whether it has a positive effect in terms of urban identity and customer-based city brand. This study investigated whether cultural and artistic infrastructure and cultural artistry, which are resources of a cultural city, have a positive effect on urban identity, and whether urban identity affects the brand recognition and the perceived quality of a city. For this study, questionnaires were collected from 208 people residing in Seoul, and empirical analysis was conducted on 206 copies of them, excluding 2 copies of insincere answers. The infrastructure and cultural artistry of cultural and artistic resources showed significant results in the positive relationship between the cultural specificity of urban identity, social system and growth potential. Cultural specificity of urban identity also showed a significant positive effect on city brand equity. In the case of the social system and growth potential of urban identity, there was a significant positive effect on perceived quality, but insignificant results were found in the relationship with brand awareness. Through the results of this study, practical implications can be drawn for cultural city policy implementation and city brand management.

• BMB Reports
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2022

Autoimmune disease is known to be caused by unregulated self-antigen-specific T cells, causing tissue damage. Although antigen specificity is an important mechanism of the adaptive immune system, antigen non-related T cells have been found in the inflamed tissues in various conditions. Bystander T cell activation refers to the activation of T cells without antigen recognition. During an immune response to a pathogen, bystander activation of self-reactive T cells via inflammatory mediators such as cytokines can trigger autoimmune diseases. Other antigen-specific T cells can also be bystander-activated to induce innate immune response resulting in autoimmune disease pathogenesis along with self-antigen-specific T cells. In this review, we summarize previous studies investigating bystander activation of various T cell types (NKT, γδ T cells, MAIT cells, conventional CD4⁺, and CD8⁺ T cells) and discuss the role of innate-like T cell response in autoimmune diseases. In addition, we also review previous findings of bystander T cell function in infection and cancer. A better understanding of bystander-activated T cells versus antigen-stimulated T cells provides a novel insight to control autoimmune disease pathogenesis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2017

Objective : Diagnosing tumor progression and pseudoprogression remains challenging for many clinicians. Accurate recognition of these findings remains paramount given necessity of prompt treatment. However, no consensus has been reached on the optimal technique to discriminate tumor progression. We sought to investigate the role of magnetic resonance perfusion (MRP) to evaluate tumor progression in glioma patients. Methods : An institutional retrospective review of glioma patients undergoing MRP with concurrent clinical follow up visit was performed. MRP was evaluated in its ability to predict tumor progression, defined clinically or radiographically, at concurrent clinical visit and at follow up visit. The data was then analyzed based on glioma grade and subtype. Resusts : A total of 337 scans and associated clinical visits were reviewed from 64 patients. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value were reported for each tumor subtype and grade. The sensitivity and specificity for high-grade glioma were 60.8% and 87.8% respectively, compared to low-grade glioma which were 85.7% and 89.0% respectively. The value of MRP to assess future tumor progression within 90 days was 46.9% (sensitivity) and 85.0% (specificity). Conclusion : Based on our retrospective review, we concluded that adjunct imaging modalities such as MRP are necessary to help diagnose clinical disease progression. However, there is no clear role for stand-alone surveillance MRP imaging in glioma patients especially to predict future tumor progression. It is best used as an adjunctive measure in patients in whom progression is suspected either clinically or radiographically.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.347-364
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• 2014

The present study was conducted to investigate how emotional expression change, test delay, and background influence on face recognition. In experiment 1, participants were presented with negative faces at study phase and administered for standard old-new recognition test including targets of negative and neutral expression for the same faces. In experiment 2, participants were studied negative faces and tested by old-new face recognition test with targets of negative and positive faces. In experiment 3, participants were presented with neutral faces at study phase and had to identify the same faces with no regard for negative and neutral expression at face recognition test. In all three experiments, participants were assigned into either immediate test or delay test, and target faces were presented in both white and black background. Results of experiments 1 and 2 indicated higher rates for negative faces than neutral or positive faces. Facial expression consistency enhanced face recognition memory. In experiment 3, the superiority of facial expression consistency were demonstrated by higher rates for neutral faces at recognition test. If facial expressions were consistent across encoding and retrieval, memory performance on face recognition were enhanced in all three experiments. And the effect of facial expression change have different effects on background conditions. The findings suggest that facial expression change make face identification hard, and time and background also affect on face recognition.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1044-1049
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• 2008

In order to study functional nucleotides in prototype foamy virus (PFV) DNA on specific recognition by PFV integrase (IN), we designed chimeric U5 long terminal repeat (LTR) DNA substrates by exchanging comparative sequences between human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) and PFV U5 LTRs, and investigated the 3'-end processing reactivity using HIV-1 and PFV INs, respectively. HIV-1 IN recognized the nucleotides present in the fifth and sixth positions at the 3'-end of the substrates more specifically than any other nucleotides in the viral DNA. However, PFV IN recognized the eighth and ninth nucleotides as distinctively as the fifth and sixth nucleotides in the reactions. In addition, none of the nucleotides present in the twelfth, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth positions were not differentially recognized by HIV-1 and PFV INs, respectively. Therefore, our results suggest that the functional nucleotides that are specifically recognized by its own IN in the PFV U5 LTR are different from those in the HIV-1 U5 LTR in aspects of the positions and nucleotide sequences. Furthermore, it is proposed that the functional nucleotides related to the specific recognition by retroviral INs are present inside ten nucleotides from the 3'-end of the U5 LTR.

• BMB Reports
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 1998

A pool of cis-acting hammerhead ribozymes randomized in their substrate recognition sequences was constructed. A variety of active cis-acting ribozymes which had various structures of stems I and III was selected from the pool by in vitro selection. The selected ribozymes were cloned and sequenced. The relationship between the cleavage efficiency and base-pairing in stems I and III of the selected ribozymes was investigated. The ribozymes with the smaller difference in folding energies between the active conformation and the stable but inactive conformation showed a tendency to have the better cleavage efficiency. The optimum length of stem I was 5 or 6 bases while the longer stem III, in general, appeared to be required for efficient cleavage. The specificity of the ribozyme reaction is discussed in terms of the length of stems I and III.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.406-415
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• 2020

This study applies Q methodology that can extract subjective opinion or recognition structure for each single household whose Meal Kit products developed and marketed by catering companies according to the demographic structure that changes socially. Implications were analyzed. As a result of subjective recognition type analysis in this study, four types were derived, and each type was named according to its specificity as follows. Type 1 (N = 6): Appearance Assessment Purchase Type, Type 2 (N = 6): Price Comparison Purchase Type, Type 3 (N = 10): Brand Trust Purchase Type, Type 4 (N = 2) : Easy Cooking Purchase Type was analyzed for each unique feature type. In this study, we analyzed the subjective opinion or recognition structure of single-person households whose Meal Kit products are the main demand groups, and suggested the direction and improvement measures for future food product development and launch for single-person households through the analysis by type. The purpose of this study is to provide academic implications based on the analysis results.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.1249-1253
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• 2007

A hyperthermostable endoglucanase from Pyrococcus horikoshii with the capability of hydrolyzing crystalline cellulose was analyzed. A protein engineering study was carried out to obtain a reduced-size mutant. Five amino acid residues at both the N- and C-terminus were found to be removable without any loss of activity or thermal stability. Site-directed mutagenesis was also performed on R102, N200, E201, H297, Y299, E342, and W377, residues possibly involved in the active center or in the recognition and binding of a cellulose substrate. The activity of the resulting mutants was considerably decreased, confirming that the mutated residues were all important for activity. A reduced-size enzyme, as active as the wild-type endoglucanase, was successfully obtained, plus the residues critical for its activity and specificity were confirmed. Consequently, an engineered enzyme with a reduced size was obtained, and the amino acids essential for activity were confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis and comparison with a known three-dimensional structure.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.64-75
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• 2003

Aptamers are functional nucleic acids that can specially bind to proteins, peptides, amino acids. nucleotides, drugs, vitamins and other organic and inorganic compounds. The aptamers are identified from random DNA or RNA libraries by a SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential amplification) process. As aptamers have the advantage, and potential ability to be released from the limitations of antibodies, they are attractive to a wide range of therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Aptamers, with a high-affinity and specificity, could fulfil molecular the recognition needs of various fields in biotechnology. In this work, we reviewed some aptamer Selection techniques, properties, medical applications of their molecules and their biotechnological applications, such as ELONA (enzyme linked oligonucleotide assay), flow cytometry, biosensors, electrophoresis, chromatography and microarrays.