• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.165-172
• /
• 2012

Raphanus sativus (Cruciferaceae), commonly known as radish is widely available throughout the world. From antiquity it has been used in folk medicine as a natural drug against many toxicants. The present study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of radish (Raphanus sativus) enzyme extract (REE) in vitro and in vivo test. The $IC_{50}$ values of REE in human liver derived HepG2 cells was over 5,000 ${\mu}g/ml$ in tested maximum concentration. The effect of REE to protect tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells was evaluated by MTT assay. REE showed their hepatoprotective activities on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity and the $EC_{50}$ value was 1,250 ${\mu}g/ml$. Silymarin, an antihepatotoxic agent used as a positive control exhibited 59.7% hepatoprotective activity at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$. Moreover, we tested the effect of REE on carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced liver toxicity in rats. REE at dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg and silymarin at dose of 50 mg/kg were orally administered to $CCl_4$-treated rats. The results showed that REE and silymarin significantly reduced the elevated levels of serum enzyme markers induced by $CCl_4$. The biochemical data were supported by evaluation with liver histopathology. These findings suggest that REE, can significantly diminish hepatic damage by toxic agent such as tacrine or $CCl_4$.

• 한국잡초학회지
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.244-249
• /
• 1988

오옥신활성물질(活性物質) 또는 호르몬형제초활성물질(型除草活性物質)의 생물검정법(生物檢定法)으로 죽송(竹松)의 Raphanus test를 도입(導入)하고자 품종(品種) 및 검정방법(檢定方法)을 검토(檢討)하고 효과(效果)를 확인(確認)하였다. 1. 공시품종(供試品種)중에서 장백미농조생무우가 반응성(反應性), 재료(材料)의 균일성(均一性), 반응(反應)의 정량성(定量性), 재료(材料)의 육성(育成) 및 취급상의 여러 면에서 가장 우수하였다. 무우유묘(幼苗)의 자엽병각도(子葉柄角度)는 일당(日當) $6^{\circ}$의 비율로 증가되었으며 곡선희귀식으로 추정(推定)한 약제처리적정시기(藥劑處理適正時期)는 파종후(播種後) 7~9일(日)로 판단되었고 약제처리후(藥劑處理後) 자엽병굴곡각도(子葉柄屈曲角度)는 급격히 증가하여 24시간후에는 최고에 달하였다. 3. 엽제처리후(葉劑處理後) 광(光)의 유무(有無)에 따른 반응성(反應性)은 암조건(暗條件)에서 자연광조건(自然光條件)보다 컸으며 더욱 농도(濃度)에 따라 정량적(定量的)이었고 온도조건(溫度條件)은 $20^{\circ}C$에서 25, 30, $35^{\circ}C$보다 반응성(反應性)이 높았다. 4. 본 생물검정법(生物檢定法)은 $GA_3$, BA, ABA에는 전혀 반응하지 않았으며 homobrassinolide 보다는 ${\alpha}$-NAA에 더욱 특이적으로 반응하였고 오옥신활성물질 또는 호르몬형제초활성물질로 알려진 phenoxy 및 indole 화합물에 정량적(定量的)으로 반응하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제37권6호
• /
• pp.411-419
• /
• 2012

Purpose: Nondestructive evaluation of seed viability is a highly demanded technique in the seed industry. In this study, hyperspectral imaging system was used for discrimination of viable and non-viable radish seeds. Method: The spectral data with the range from 400 to 1000 nm measured by hyperspectral reflectance imaging system were used. A calibration and a test models were developed by partial least square discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) for classification of viable and non-viable radish seeds. Either each data set of visible (400~750 nm) and NIR (750~1000 nm) spectra and the spectra of the combined spectral ranges were used for developing models. Results: The discrimination accuracy of calibration was 84% for visible range and 76.3% for NIR range. The discrimination accuracy of test was 84.2% for visible range and 75.8% for NIR range. The discrimination accuracies of calibration and test with full range were 92.2% and 92.5%, respectively. The resultant images based on the optimal PLS-DA model showed high performance for the discrimination of the nonviable seeds from the viable seeds with the accuracy of 95%. Conclusions: The results showed that hyperspectral reflectance imaging has good potential for discriminating nonviable radish seeds from massive amounts of viable seeds.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제54권4호
• /
• pp.346-350
• /
• 2009

The cultivated radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is a major vegetable crop in the world wide and fast-growing species that grows inhabitats of six continents. It is very important to determine hybrid seed purity in the production of hybrid Brassica vegetable seeds to avoid unacceptable contamination with self-inbred (sib) seeds. The use of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers for evaluating seed purity in $F_2$-hybrid radish cultivars demonstrated. One hundred eighty seeds from the F1 male and female harvest were subsequently screened for seed purity using 13 primers. The 13 primers result in 17 cultivar-specific bands and 23 variable RAPD bands scored for cultivar. RAPD analysis of hybrid seeds from the harvest revealed 128 seeds tested except underdevelopment and decayed seeds were sibs. Especially, $F_2$ hybrids of radish, OPC13, OPD20 were presented clear hybrid bands. It maintains higher than average level of genetic diversity compared with their correspondent parents. RAPD amplification of DNA extracted from germinated individuals from the female harvest reveal that 10 of 208 seeds tested were self-inbred (4.8%). RAPD analysis of hybrid seeds from the male harvest revealed 7 of the 208 seeds tested were sibs (3.4%). The RAPD may lead to a better insight in to the hybrid seed purity.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.223-229
• /
• 2003

국내산 무의 추출물을 여러가지 Column과 HPLC를 이용하여 잿빛곰팡이 병원균에 대한 항 진균성 물질을 분리하였다. 투석튜브를 이용한 분리에서 이물질이 3.5kDa 이하의 저분자물질이며 또한 내열성 물질임을 확인하였다. 이물질들은 최소한 5종의 물질로 구성되어 있으며 이중 가장 항진균성이 강한 물질을 HPLC를 이용하여 순수 분리하였으며 잿빛곰팡이병에 감염된 식물에 적용한 결과 농약과 비슷한 효과를 나타내어 환경 친화적인 항진균 물질로서 사용가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.633-639
• /
• 2021

Raphanus sativus var. hortensis f. raphanistroides Makino (Korean wild radish [WR]) are root vegetables belonging to the Brassicaceae family. These radish species mostly grow in sea areas in Asia, where they have been traditionally used as a medicinal food to treat various diseases. To investigate the effect of WR on neuronal cell death in SH-SY5Y cells, beta-amyloid was used to develop the cell death model. WR attenuated neuronal cell death in SH-SY5Y and regulated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. WR extract also inhibited acetylcholinesterase inhibitor activity. Additionally, the WR treatment group ameliorated the behavior of the memory-impaired mice in a scopolamine-induced mouse model. In the behavior test, WR treated mice showed shorter escape latency and swimming distance and improved the platform-crossing number and the swimming time within the target quadrant. Furthermore, WR prevented histological loss of neurons in hippocampal CA1 regions induced by scopolamine. This study shows that WR can prevent memory impairment which may be a crucial way for the prevention and treatment of memory dysfunction and neuronal cell death.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.41-51
• /
• 2023

Objectives : Raphani Semen (Raphanus sativus L.) is known for the various beneficial effects in Korean medicine. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Raphani Semen extract (RSE) against arachidonic acid (AA)+iron-induced oxidative stress in cells. Methods : Ingredients, their target information, oxidative stress liver injury-related proteins was obtained from various network pharmacology databases and software. A hypergeometric test and enrichment analysis were conducted to evaluate associations between protein targets of RSE. The cell viability was assessed by MTT assay, and immunoblot analysis was used to confirm the molecular mechanisms. Results : A compound-target network of RSE was constructed, which consisted of 336 edges between 18 ingredients and 123 protein targets. PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, and AMPK signaling pathway was significantly associated with protein targets of RSE. RSE protected HepG2 cells against AA+iron-induced oxidative stress as mediated with AMPK signaling. Conclusion : RSE was found to protect the cells against oxidative stress via the AMPK signaling pathway.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제32권8호
• /
• pp.795-801
• /
• 2010

본 연구에서는 4종류의 상이한 생물 검정법(유전자 재조합 균주 RB1436 발광 활성, 4종 씨앗 발아, Bacillus lichemiformis의 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 효소 활성, Salmonella typhimurium이용한 Ames test)을 이용하여 비소 화합물의 독성을 평가하였다. 검정법에 따라 상이한 민감도를 보였지만, 전체적으로 As(III)가 As(V)보다 높은 독성을 나타내었다. 씨앗 4종의 발아에 대한 민감도는 씨앗에 따라 상이하게 조사되었다. 상추(Lactucus)와 알타리무(Raphanus) 씨앗종이 대체적으로 높은 민감도를 보였으며 검정법에 적절한 씨앗종으로 조사되었다. 유전자 변이 검정법에서는 As(III)에 대해서는 1 mg/L 농도에서 TA 98 균주는 높은 복귀돌연변이 현상(MR = 5.1)이 조사되어, 높은 발암 가능성을 나타내었다. 비소화합물에 대해서 방법별 민감도는 일반적으로 효소 이외에는 높은 민감도를 나타내었다. 다양한 급성 독성 생물 검정법에 대한 통합 자료는 향후 오염원에 대한 독성 생물 평가에 유용하게 사용할 수 있을 것이다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.149-155
• /
• 2000

The allelopathic effects of Artemisia lavandulaefolia were studied using several test plants and microbes. Aqueous extracts and volatile compounds of A. lavandulaefolia inhibited seed germination, seedling and root growth of the test species such as Achyranthes japonica. Lactuca sativa, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis. Oenothera odorata, Plantago asiatica. Aster yomena, Elsholtzia ciliata, and Raphanus sativus var. hortensis for. acanthiformis. The root growth of test species was more affected than shoot growth by allelochemicals of A. lavandulaefolia. Essential oil of A. lavandulaefolia had antibacterial and antifungal effects. However, the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was dependent upon the microbial species and concentrations. Callus growth of Oryza sativa, Brassica campestris subsp. napus var. pekinensis and Achyranthes japonica was sensitive by the essential oil of A. lavandulaefolia. Twenty three chemicals were identified from A. lavandulaefolia essential oil by gas chromatography. Primary allelochemicals among them were 1, 8-cineole, 1-$\alpha$-terpineol, $\alpha$-terpinene. camphor, 2-buten-1-ol and azulene. We concluded that aqueous extract and essential oil of A. lavandulaefolia were responsible for allelopathic effects.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.2-4
• /
• 1978

Some of the remarkable accomplishments mentioned in the special lecture recalling 38 years of my research on the development of herbicides can be summarized as follows; 1) The physiology, movement in the soil, and decomposition and/or inactivation of the phenoxy and other herbicides by the invention of the Raphanus test were elucidated. And these findings led to the establishment of the theory of herbicidal treatment layer with the result of the origination of the application of PCP in flooded lowland paddy, which opened new era of soil application of herbicides in lowland paddy. 2) The granulation of herbicides for lowland paddy including PCP urea was developed. 3) The fact that propanil has generic selectivity in gramineae was found. And propanil was distributed in rice growing regions of the world. In addition, satanil for upland and propanil/NAC for flooded lowland paddy, propanil mixtures, were developed. 4) 15 kinds of new herbicides derived from plant hormones developed in my laboratory were develop ed, and the research trends in the future were presented.