• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.139-169
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• 2022

This study derived determinants of 'Decent Work' in the logistics industry and aims to use the analysis results as basic data for policymaking related to labor in the logistics industry and to prepare policies suitable for the characteristics of the logistics industry. As the dependent variable of the model, the Decent Job derived from the first study was used, and the target model was derived from panel data of whole industries to understand the unique characteristics of logistics industry jobs and applied to the logistics industry model. This study found that in the logistics industry, developing the expertise of the logistics industry through "vocational training" compared to whole industries is an important factor rather than raising the "academic level" through the regular curriculum. This seems to reflect the characteristics of the logistics industry as specialized vocational training is required in the case of "railway transportation", "inland water and port transportation", and "air cargo transportation", which have a high proportion of decent job workers among the detailed logistics industries analyzed in this study. Therefore, developing job expertise through additional manpower training programs such as vocational training as well as academic fields learned through regular curriculum is a very important factor in engaging in "Decent Work" not only in the logistics industry but also in other industries.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.9
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• pp.575-586
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• 2023

River vegetation has important functions such as providing a habitat for the river ecosystem and physical stability of the river bank. It also has adverse effects such as aggravating flood damages due to the increase in roughness coefficient and drag forces. River vegetation management is very important in finding a balance between flood and ecological management. There are still many uncertainties about the effect of vegetation on rivers. In this study, in order to analyze the effect of vegetated flow, the flow patterns according to the vegetation roughness are analyzed through a two-dimensional unsteady flow model for Chopyeong island of the Imjin River. According to the results of the 2D flow analysis using the HEC-RAS 2D model, the velocity distribution in the bend of the Imjin River was greatly affected by the vegetation roughness of Chopyeong Island. The formation of the main flow outside the bend of Chopyeong Island during flooding is presumed due to the influence of tree and grass on Chopyeong Island. If tree are distributed throughout Chopyeong Island, the velocity outside the bend is expected to be higher. River vegetation causes the effect of raising the water level, and could cause a change in the velocity distribution.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.147-178
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• 2023

While most of countries today are opposing the issuance of private-led cryptocurrency, nevertheless they are actively jumping into the issuance of government-led digital currency such as CBDC. This article aims to find an answer to this dual attitude of countries. To achieve the purpose, this article finds out the characteristics of political power and economic interest that digital currency has and applies it to the international dimension of the Bretton Woods II System. Then come up to the conclusion that the answer can be found in the fact that the current dual attitude of countries is closely related to the crisis of the international monetary order. The Bretton Woods II System, which led the world economy through reckless monetary expansion based on credit currency, exposed its limitations through the 2008 global financial crisis and put countries into difficulties. In this situation, the cryptocurrency, which appeared by raising the issue of the monopoly power of the central authority in issuing currency, had no choice but to act as an opportunity to drive countries further and further into a corner. This article views CBDC as a national response to address these issues. In other words, countries maintain their monetary power by absorbing the challenge of private digital currency at the government level through CBDC, and use this as a stepping stone to reorganize the international monetary order in crisis with the intention to use it as a means to their advantage. That is what this article is trying to argue.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.75-83
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• 2023

Apart from implementing hardware solutions like raising the crest freeboard of coastal structures to efficiently counter wave-overtopping, there is a simultaneous requirement for software-driven disaster mitigation strategies. These tactics involve the swift and accurate dissemination of wave-overtopping information to the inland regions of coastal zones, enabling the regulation of evacuation procedures and movement. In this study, a method was proposed to estimate wave-overtopping by utilizing the temporal variation of wave heights exceeding the structure's crown level, with the aim of developing an on-site wave measurement system for providing wave-overtopping information in the field. Laboratory model experiments were conducted on vertical seawall structures to measure wave-overtopping volumes and wave runup heights under different wave conditions and structural freeboard variations. By assuming that the velocity of water inundation on the top of the structure during wave-overtopping events is equivalent to the long-wave velocity, an overtopping discharge coefficient was introduced. This coefficient was utilized to estimate the rate of wave-overtopping based on the temporal changes in wave runup heights measured at the top of the structure. Upon reasonably calculating the overtopping discharge coefficient, it was verified that the estimation of wave-overtopping could be achieved solely based on the wave runup heights.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.909-930
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• 2022

Although the electricity tariff for each customer class in Korea has an institutional basis which can be linked to cost fluctuations caused by the increase in fuel cost, there is a situation in which it cannot be raised in a timely manner, considering the national economic burden such as inflation. There can be some disagreements about unconditionally raising electricity rates when cost increases occur. It is, however, well known that Korean domestic electricity rates are very low around the world and are in an environment in which rates are not easily adjusted. Moreover, as Korean electricity rates cannot be easily raised due to various factors, domestic electricity rates for each customer class itself have not delivered a desirable price signal for power consumption. Based on historical data such as fuel costs and power production by power source from 2017 to 2020, this study estimated how much power consumption would change if electricity rates were adjusted in 2030 and price signal distortion was resolved. As a result of the estimation, power consumption will be reduced by 9,000 GWh if the current electricity bill is adjusted to a level which can be 100% recovered even with the supply cost alone. This led to a reduction of about 3.82 million CO₂tons of greenhouse gas emissions in the Korean power sector.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 1986

To establish an efficient light control method using three covering materials on tunnel shaped rice seed-bed at greening stage after seedling emergence, four rice cultivars, Nampungbyeo, Taebaegbyeo, Seonambyeo, and Seomjinbyeo were sown on 15 April and 10 May in 1983 and 1984 respectively. After seedling emergence by a simplified emerging methods the seedling boxes were moved onto tunnel shaped seed-bed which was covered with combined matrials of PE film, silverpoly sheet, and spunbonded polyester fabric. For machine transplanting of rice seedlings in cases of early season and optimum season seeding in central part of Korea, PE film tunnel with silverpoly mulched, and PE film tunnel methods with spunbonded polyester fabric mulched reduced injuries of non-parasitic seedling damping-off and a albinism as affected by it, protected rice seedlings from injuries by extremely low temperature in the night, and reduced less differences in diurnal temperature than those in the other covering methods. At late season seeding for double cropping system of paddy field in southern part of Korea, a single silver-poly or a single spunbonded polyester fabric-covered tunnel method showed good green seedlings, and prevent-ed extreme rising of diurnal temperature by light interception in the tunnel.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

The Korean polysemic ending '-(eu)lgeol' can has two different meanings, 'guess' and 'regret'. These are expressed by different boundary-tone types: a rising tone for guess, a falling one for regret. Therefore the sentence-final boundary-tone type is the most salient prosodic feature. However, besides tone type, the pitch difference between the final and penultimate syllables of '-(eu)lgeol' can also affect semantic discrimination. To investigate this aspect, we conducted a perception test using two sentences that were morphologically and syntactically identical. These two sentences were spoken using different boundary-tone types by a Korean native speaker. From these two sentences, the experimental stimuli were generated by artificially raising or lowering the pitch of the boundary syllable by 1Qt while fixing the pitch of the penultimate syllable and boundary-tone type. Thirty Korean native speakers participated in three levels of perceptual test, in which they were asked to mark whether the experimental sentences they listened to were perceived as guess or regret. The results revealed that regardless of boundary-tone types, the larger the pitch difference between the final and penultimate syllable in the positive direction, the more likely it is perceived as guess, and the smaller the pitch difference in the negative direction, the more likely it is perceived as regret.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.581-586
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• 2023

Recently a drama that features a lawyer with autism spectrum disorder has attracted a lot of attention, raising interest in the difficulties faced by people with autism spectrum disorders. If the Autism spectrum gets detected early and proper education and treatment, the prognosis can be improved, so the development of the treatment is urgently needed. Drugs currently used to treat autism spectrum often have side effects, so Digital Therapeutics that have no side effects and can be supplied in large quantities are drawing attention. In this paper, we introduce 'AEmotion', an application and a Digital Therapeutic that provides emotion and facial expression learning for toddlers with an autism spectrum disorder. This system is developed as an application for smartphones to increase interest in training autistic children and to test easily. Using machine learning, this system consists of three main stages: an 'emotion learning' step to learn emotions with facial expression cards, an 'emotion identification' step to check if the user understood emotions and facial expressions properly, and an 'expression training' step to make appropriate facial expressions. Through this system, it is expected that it will help autistic toddlers who have difficulties with social interactions by having problems recognizing facial expressions and emotions.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.6 no.10
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• pp.121-129
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to explore the child education experiences of married female students who left their children in their home countries. This study consists of two questions. First, what is the meaning of the child in home country for married female students to their foreign student's life? Second, how they do the child education? For this study data was collected from March to May, 2016 through in-depth interviews with 6 married female students who left their children in their home countries to further their studies in Korea. Then, the data was analyzed their cases were analyzed. First, for married female students their children are always in the first place during their life as a foreign student in Korea. Second, their children play a great role in their foreign student life. Third, the child makes them to be exemplary student in their foreign student's life. In addition, children's education is entrusted to those who are raising them in their home country. However, when big decisions have to be made, it is done by the mother. Also, because they feel sorry towards their children they actively reflect the views of the children. Moreover, they often check everything about their children through SNS. Through this study, we expect to less school life's difficulty of foreign married students and it will be helpful material for them to graduate their foreign students' life. The purpose of this study is to explore the child education experiences of married female students who left their children in their home countries.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.111-130
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• 2018

In December 2015, the Paris Agreement was adopted to cope with global warming caused by greenhouse gas emission and to prevent the average temperature of the Earth from rising. Renewable energy sources have become important to address environmental problems such as rising sea levels, depletion of forests and fine dust. In order to grow renewable energy, government support is needed. However, excessive government support for the renewable energy industry could pose problems that include undermining fair competition and raising costs. The WTO already has heard cases involving renewable energy subsidies. This article focuses on subsidies and countervailing tariffs as well as examines WTO disputes related to renewable subsidies, and also analyze legal issues that are problematic in granting subsidies for the development of new renewable energy industries. In WTO dispute involving renewable energy subsidies, legal issues are SCM Agreement article 2 Specificity, article 3 (b) import substitution subsidy and GATT article 20. This paper proposes improvement measures such as the reintroduction of article 8 Non-Actionable Subsidies or special provisions on energy subsidy. In addition, it is necessary to clarify the interpretation of Article 3 of the subsidy agreement. However, excessive government subsidies can lead to trade friction, so the WTO rules should be improved in line with the WTO goals of environmental protection, equity in free trade, and sustainable development.