• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.357-362
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• 2015

In this experiment, we are to know the administered radioactivity in the actual patients by measuring the remained radioactivity when administering the isotope with noted MDP, the radiopharmaceutical product, to 50 visited patients for the bone scan, confirmed the radioactivity administered to actual patients. We confirmed the actual administered amount of remained radioactivity in the syringe and 3-way by using a gauger after administering the isotope with MDP noted via 3-way with 50 patients maintaining 3-way after CT or MRI among the visited patients for the bone scan in the department of nuclear medicine. As a result of radioactivity in the 3-way and syringe pre and post injection of radiopharmaceutical products in 50 patients, average radioactivity of pre-injection is 31.75 mCi, average remained radioactivity in the syringes after injection is 1.22 mCi, and the average remained radioactivity in 3-way after injection is 0.95 mCi. The average of actual administered radioactivity is 29.57, so it is obvious that average 2.18 mCi was administered for less than the dosage that we initially intended to inject. When determining the dosage in view of the radioactivity that remains in the 3-way with the syringe, it would be possible to accurately dose the desired dosage to be administered to actual patients.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.54-55
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• 2003

Radiation therapy has been used for the cancer treatment externally or internally. The external radiation therapy has been widely used, but for the lack of its selectivity it requires strong radiation dose causing the dermal irritation and radiation effect of the normal tissues or organs. So we investigate non-clinical and clinical studies of “Milican inj.”, in which chitosan is chelated with 166-Holmium, as an anticancer agent for internal radiation therapy. (omitted)

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2015

Radioisotopes emitting low-range highly ionizing radiation such as ${\beta}$-particles are of increasing significance in internal radiotherapy. Among the ${\beta}$-particle emitting radioisotopes, $^{67}Cu$ is an attractive radioisotope for various nuclear medicine applications due to its medium energy ${\beta}$-particle, gamma emissions, and 61.83-hour half-life, which can also be used with $^{64}Cu$ for PET imaging. The production and application of the ${\beta}$-emitting radioisotope $^{67}Cu$ for therapeutic radiopharmaceutical are outlined, and different production routes are discussed. A survey of copper chelators used for antibody labeling is provided. It has been produced via proton, alpha, neutron, and gamma irradiations followed by solvent extraction, ion exchange, electrodeposition. Clinical studies using $^{67}Cu$-labelled antibodies in lymphoma, colon carcinoma and bladder cancer patients are reviewed. Widespread use of this isotope for clinical studies and preliminary treatments has been limited by unreliable supplies, cost, and difficulty in obtaining therapeutic quantities.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.84-87
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• 2018

Purpose The radiopharmaceutical used in the nuclear medicine department is used only for the specific patient according to the prescription or instruction of the doctor without selling, so it is dispensed and it is distributed and used for the examination. Radiopharmaceuticals administered to patients should be managed appropriately as well as radiation safety management during dispensation. The purpose of this study is to investigate microbial contamination during dispensation of radiopharmaceuticals Materials and Methods This study distinguished between general workbench and clean workbench and performed three tests. First, microbial cultivation test of radiopharmaceutical prepared and dispensed in general workbenches and sterile workbenches were carried out five times, respectively. The second test was performed settle plate method three times before and after the use of the exhaust filter. Finally, Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) measurement was performed in each workbench to measure bacterial counts. In addition, ATP measurement were carried out by designating locations and items that may be contaminated during dispensation. Results In the microbial culture test, no microorganisms were detected in both samples. In the settle plate method, it was detected without using of the exhaust filter in a general workbench once. In the ATP measurement test, it was measured at the level of 400 RLU or less, which is the standard value of contamination, in both workbenches surface. In additional ATP measurement test, the refrigerator handle in the distribution room was measured above the reference value of 1217 RLU, the vacuum vial shield of the Tech Generator at 435 RLU, and the syringe holder at 1357 RLU. After environmental disinfection, the results were reduced to 311 RLU, 136 RLU, and 291 RLU. Conclusion No contamination by bacteria was found in both workbenches. However, microbial contamination may occur if the use of an exhaust filter or proper hand hygiene is not achieved. Regular inspections and management for aseptic processing themselves will be necessary.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2019

Over a few decades, copper radioisotopes and their chelation chemistry for radiopharmaceuticals have played crucial role in the radiopharmaceutical science area. A variety of chelators have been required for their stable targeting ability in physiological conditions. For radiolabeling with copper-64 into biomolecules, thermodynamic stability, kinetic inertness, pH stability, and redox stability should be considered. In this regard, many researchers have attempted to develop the chelators that can bind with copper more tightly, rapidly and stably for copper radiolabeling. This review discusses the chemistry of copper, its suitable chelators and characteristics, while elucidating the evaluations of each chelator for radiolabeling.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.1931-1935
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• 2011

The synthesis of carbocyclic analogues of normal nucleosides has grown exclusively since they have shown potential antiviral and antitumor activities. Radiolabeled cis-1-[4-(hydroxy-methyl)-cyclopent-2-enyl]-5-$[^{124}I]$-iodocytosine (carbocyclic d4IC) and cis-1-[4-(hydroxy-methyl)-cyclopent-2-enyl]-5-(2-$[^{124}I]$iodovinyl)cytosine(carbocyclic d4IVC) were synthesized. The synthetic route employed Pd(0)-catalyzed coupling reaction together with organotin and exchange reaction for radioiodination as key reactions. Carbocyclic $[^{124}I]$d4IC gave more than 75% radiochemical yield with greater than 95% radiochemical purity. Carbocyclic $[^{124}I]$d4IVC gave more than 80% radiochemical yield with greater than 95% radiochemical purity.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.175-176
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• 2015

몬테카를로 기법을 기반으로 한 모의실험을 통해 방사성 핵종별 주사기 차폐기구의 재질 및 두께에 대한 차폐분석 결과, 텅스텐, 납, 비스무스 경우 가장 높은 차폐효과를 보였다. 그러나 $^{18}F$ 선원의 경우, 차폐두께가 낮은 영역에서 저 원자번호 재질보다 더 높은 에너지를 나타냈으나, 이후 증가된 차폐두께에서는 더 낮은 에너지 분포를 나타냈다. 그 외 재질의 경우 구리, 철, 스테인리스 강, 황산바륨의 순서로 에너지가 낮은 분포를 나타냈고, 알루미늄, 플라스틱, 콘크리트, 물의 경우 핵종별로 각기 다른 양상을 나타냈으며, 상대적으로 감마선의 투과의 증가로 인해 전체적으로 차폐효과가 떨어지는 것으로 나타냈다.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.252-252
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• 2002

Radiation synovectomy is an useful alternative treatment to rheumatoid arthritis and Re$\^$188/ is suggested as an ideal radiopharmaceutical agents because beta ray (2.1 MeV) emitted from Re$\^$188/ is appropriate for synovial cell ablation and gamma ray (155 KeV) is ideal for dosimetry. Its' ideal particle size (2-5 mm) was achieved by conjugation with tin-colloid, In this study, we investigated the toxicity, stability and biodistribution to evaluate the suitability of DA-7911 as a synovectomy agent. (omitted)

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2020

Radiopharmaceuticals that can be consumed in specific disease site play a key role In order to diagnose and treat the diseases. In addition, radiopharmaceuticals can be used for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes depending on the type of the labeled radioactive isotope. Recently, theragnostic radiopharmaceuticals that can simultaneously diagnose and treat are developed. Therefore, the development of target-specific radiopharmaceuticals is a very important research topic in the field of molecular imaging and therapy. This review paper summarizes the basic considerations for the development of radiopharmaceuticals. For new researchers or students who are now beginning in the field of radiopharmaceuticals, we intend to assist in the development of radiopharmaceuticals by describing the definition of radiopharmaceuticals, the ideal radiopharmaceutical conditions, the considerations for developing new radiopharmaceuticals, the factors affecting the design of radiopharmaceuticals, the requirements of radioisotope labeling reactions, and finally the definition and importance of molar activity in radiopharmaceuticals.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.164-171
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• 2008

Medical internal radiation dosimetry (MIRD) is an important part of nuclear medicine research field using therapeutic radioisotope. There have been many researches using MIRD for the development of new therapeutic approaches including radiopharmaceutical, clinical protocol, and imaging techniques. Recently, radionuclide therapy has been re-focused as new solution of intractable diseases, through to the advances of previous achievements. In this article, the basic concepts of radiation and internal radiation dosimetry are summarized to help understanding MIRD and its application to clinical application.