• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.277-282
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• 2006

With the aim of achieving half the regulated value of EURO-3 Emission Regulations, an ultra low emission motorcycle has been developed based on a motorcycle with an 1800 $cm^3$, horizontal opposed 6-cylinder engine. For the fuel supply system, an electronically controlled fuel injection system was applied. For the emission purification system, three-way catalysts, a feedback control system with a LAF(Linear Air-Fuel ratio) sensor, and a secondary air induction system were applied. To reduce CO and HC emissions during cold starting, an early catalyst activation method combining RACV(Rotary Air Control Valve) and retarded ignition timing was applied. After the catalyst activation, air-fuel ratio was controlled to maximize the purification ratio of the catalyst according to vehicle speed. For the air-fuel ratio control system, the LAF sensor was used. Furthermore, fine adjustment by the LAF feedback control reduced torque fluctuation due to the air-fuel ratio change. As a result, smooth ride feeling was maintained. Owing to these technologies, half the regulated value of EURO-3 has been achieved without any negative impact to the large-scaled motorcycles' drivability. This paper presents the developed ultra low emission technologies including the control method using an LAF sensor.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.537-544
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• 2021

In this study, antioxidative activities of Jeolpyun containing Smilacis chinae R. extract powder (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%) were evaluated using total polyphenol contents, electron donating ability on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and decomposing ability of hydrogen peroxide. In chromaticity analysis, the brightness significantly decreased with increasing Smilacis chinae R. extract powder content. Jeolpyun containing 6% Smilacis chinae R. extract powder revealed the highest value (9.67±0.603) for the redness and 2% Smilacis chinae R. extract powder was the highest value (14.20±0.917) for the yellowness. Total polyphenol contents of Jeolpyun containing 8% Smilacis chinae R. extract powder were the highest content of 17,320±390.38 ㎍ gallic acid equivalent/mL (GAE/mL). Total polyphenol contents were significant relation at p<0.05. Electron donating ability for Jeolpyun containing 8% Smilacis chinae R. extract powder revealed the highest electron donating ability (74.24±0.827%). Electron donating abilities revealed significant difference (p<0.05). Jeolpyun containing 6% Smilacis chinae R. extract powder revealed the most hydrogen peroxide decomposing ability (-3.38±1.44) and hydrogen peroxide decomposing ability revealed significant difference (p<0.05).

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2015

Objective: This study was designed to compare pegfilgrastim and filgrastim in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients treated with a rituximab with cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, oncovin, and prednisone (R-CHOP) regimen in terms of clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness. Method: Clinical efficacy was measured by trough level of absolute neutrophil count (ANC), days of ANC under 50% of baseline value, days of ANC under 90% of baseline value, duration of ANC recovery to baseline value, days of ANC less than $0.5{\times}10^9cells/L$, and difference of peak and trough level of ANC during 1 cycle of R-CHOP regimen. To evaluate cost-effectiveness, total prices of used filgrastim and pegfilgrastim within 1 cycle of R-CHOP were analyzed. Results: In terms of clinical efficacy, trough level of ANC and days to ANC recovery showed statistical significance. The median trough levels of ANC with administration of filgrastim and pegfilgrastim were 0.18 and 1.94 (p = 0.021), respectively, and the median durations of ANC recovery to baseline value were 5.5 days and 2 days (p = 0.023), respectively. For the median days of ANC under 50% of baseline value, days of ANC under 90% of baseline value, days of ANC less than $0.5{\times}10^9cells/L$, and difference of peak and trough level of ANC during 1 cycle of R-CHOP, the pegfilgrastim group performed better than the filgrastim group. However the difference was not statistically significant. In terms of overall expense during 1 cycle of R-CHOP, pegfilgrastim is about 3.43 times more expensive than filgrastim. Conclusion: Pegfilgrastim is more efficient than filgrastim in terms of clinical efficacy. In terms of prices, pegfilgrastim is more expensive than filgrastim for patients, but it is more convenient in clinical use. Therefore, pegfilgrastim should be the preferred choice of G-CSF for neutropenic patients. Further comparative study of pegfilgrastim and filgrastim is needed.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.863-877
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of dot pattern size(0.8, 1.8, 2.5, 5, 8), color combination (BG/R, Y/B), value tone(lt/dk, p/g), area-ratio on image information. Sets of stimulus and response scales(7 point semantic) were used as experimental materials. The stimuli were 20 color pictures manipulated with the combination of dot pattern size, color combination, value tone and area-ratio using computer simulation. The subjects were 240 female undergraduates living in Gyeongsangnam-do. Image factor of the stimulus was composed of 4 different components, visibility, chastity.feminity, cuteness and attractiveness. In the visibility, color combination, value tone, area-ratio, dot pattern size showed independent effect. In the chastity feminity, color combination, value tone, showed independent effect. In the cuteness, value tone, area-ratio, dot pattern size showed independent effect. Significant interaction effects of color and area-ratio combination on visibility and cuteness were found. Interaction efforts of color and value tone combination, value tone and area-ratio was significant on cuteness. For visibility image, BG/R combination of color and yellow background/blue dots were effective. For cuteness image, pale/grayish tone and background/dots area-ratio were effective.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2023

Purpose : This study examined the effects of college students' occupational value and social support on their career decision status. Methods : This research was conducted between May 6 and May 30 in 2023 with 228 college students from city B in South Korea as the study participants. The frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation of the collected data were analyzed, while t-test, ANOVA test, Scheffe's test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and a multivariate regression analysis were conducted using the SPSS/WIN 22.0 program. Results : The analysis revealed that the research subjects had an average occupational value of 3.58±.44, social support of 4.18±.56, and a career decision status of 2.82±.59. Notably, a significant difference in the career decision status of the students was observed with regard to their fields of major (F=2.36, p=.019), However, no other variable demonstrated a significant difference. The confidence level pertaining to career decision-making was found to be positively correlated with the pursuit of status and self-direction (r=.25, p<.001), pursuit of creativity (r=.16, p=.017), pursuit of relationship (r=.35, p<.001), pursuit of diversity and change (r=.16, p=17), pursuit of interest (r=.19, p=.003), pursuit of compensation (r=.29, p<.001), pursuit of professionalism (r=.46, p<.001), material support (r=.25, p<.001), appraisal support (r=.35, p<.001), informational support (r=.32, p<.001), and emotional support (r=.29, p<.001). Moreover, the indecision level related to career decision-making demonstrated a positive correlation with the pursuit of excellence (r=.17, p=.010). The factors that affected the confidence level of career decision-making included appraisal support (β=.29, p<.001) and pursuit of compensation (β=.19, p=.003), whose collective explanatory power was 15 %. It was further observed that appraisal support (β=-.27, p<.001), pursuit of professionalism (β=-.16 p=.017), pursuit of excellence (β=.17, p=.005), and the field of major (β=-.16, p=.012) largely influenced the indecision level related to career decision-making, together bearing an explanatory power of 17 %. Conclusion : The results of this study have important implications for enhancing college students' career decision status. Moreover, further research investigating the diverse variables that affect students' career decision status is necessary, along with effective endeavors to improve education and develop programs that positively affect college students' career decision status.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.200-216
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• 2015

This paper empirically investigates the role of R&D intensity on market concentration of firms using four key market valuation variables, namely (1) market share, (2) labor intensity, (3) firm age and, (4) firm's market value. The empirical tests use database at firm level for the Indian IT sector from 1999 to 2013 from the CMIE Prowess database. The results of the regression analyses partially support our hypothesis that R&D intensity positively influences firm's market value measure by the H-index. The test results are consistent with the hypotheses that R&D spending is more valuable for firms with larger market shares, higher labor intensity, and firms that are diversified.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.201-218
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• 1999

The article contains an introduction of possibility of applying Multi-Attribute Utility Theory(MAUT) for priority setting of R&D projects. MAUT is compared with AHP, which is widely used recently. These two techuiques are applied to set priorities of R&D projects In a Government-funded Research Institute. Six criteria are chosen from consultation with decision makers. They are composed of 1) validity as representative projects, 2) possibility of resource mobilization, 3) spillover effect of developed technologies, 4) possibility of success, 5) scope of participation and 6) clarity of research goal. To set priorities of R&D projects, SMART(Simple MultiAttribute Rating Technique) and DVM(Difference Value Measurement) out of many MAUT methods are used to design the utility function and to determine the weights among criteria. The aggregation model is additive on the assumption the criteria are independent. AHP executes pairwise comparisons for criteria and alternatives. From the results of the case study, the results and theoretical characteristics are compared.

• 한국기술혁신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국기술혁신학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회:발표자료
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• pp.389-408
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• 2001

Evaluating the results of National Nuclear R&D projects has critical importance in nuclear management aspect. This paper uses multi-attribute utility theory as a basis for obtaining a value Index to assess the results of nuclear R&D projects and applies the theory to a specific Korean case study. To structure and quantify basic values for the . evaluation, we elicited important attributes, then refined and structured them into a hierarchy. A multi-attribute index is constructed as a multi-attribute utility function, based on value judgments provided by a group of technical experts, policy makers, and decision-makers. The implications of the results are also discussed. We found that the work and results can provide valuable insights for assessment of nuclear R&D consequences.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1741-1746
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• 2006

3D-QSARs on the neuroblocking activities by 1-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-2-nitroiminoimidazolidine analogues as agonist at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) were studied quantitatively using CoMFA and CoMSIA methodologies. The statistical results of CoMFA (A5: $r^2\;_{cv.}\;=\;0.707\;&\;r^2\;_{ncv.}$= 0.986) and CoMSIA model (A3: $r^2\;_{cv.}$ = 0.715 & $r^2\;_{ncv.}$ = 0.961) showed the best predictability and fitness for neuroblocking activity based on the cross-validated value and non-cross validated value. The steric and H-bond acceptor nature of a compound were essential for high activity. The study on 3D-QSARs between substrate molecules and their neuroblocking activities appears to be an useful approach for designing better neuroblocking drug development.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.49.1-49.7
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• 2022

Many packages for a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been developed to discover genetic variants. Although variations across studies must be considered, there are not many currently-accessible packages that estimate between-study heterogeneity. Thus, we propose a python based application called Beta-Meta which can easily process a meta-analysis by automatically selecting between a fixed effects and a random effects model based on heterogeneity. Beta-Meta implements flexible input data manipulation to allow multiple meta-analyses of different genotype-phenotype associations in a single process. It provides a step-by-step meta-analysis of GWAS for each association in the following order: heterogeneity test, two different calculations of an effect size and a p-value based on heterogeneity, and the Benjamini-Hochberg p-value adjustment. These methods enable users to validate the results of individual studies with greater statistical power and better estimation precision. We elaborate on these and illustrate them with examples from several studies of infertility-related disorders.