• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.223-227
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• 2009

The study presents two measurement split-plot models with a restricted randomization to save cost and time. Split-plot models are used to handle HTCM (Hard To Control Measurement) factors such as high temperature and long-time catalyst control. The models developed are represented by the processes for estimating the measurement precisions, that is, gauge R&R. The study also introduces three-step procedures to indentify resolution, improve R&R reduction, and evaluate the precision effect.

• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한안전경영과학회 2009년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.649-657
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• 2009

The paper presents the measurement split split-plot models for saving the time and cost. The split split-plot designs developed are efficiently used to estimating the gauge R&R(Reproducibility & Repeatability) when the completely randomized design of all factors(such as high pressure and temperature) is expensive and time consuming. The models studied include three split split-plots considering the type of experimental units.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.480-488
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• 2016

Soil microbes are widely well known to play an important role for sustainable agriculture in terms of crop healthy cultivation and environmental conservation. In this context, the distributional characteristics of soil microbes according to cropping systems were investigated under rice (R)-rice (R), rice (R)-barley (B)-rice (R), and soybean (S)-barley (B)-soybean (S) cropping condition to get basic informations for sustainable agriculture, where barley was grown for winter, in mid-mountainous loam paddy located at the altitude of 285 m above sea level in Sangju area from 2014 to 2015. Estimating from microbial communities by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) method, a total biomass of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi in R-B-R plot was 37% and 40% higher than that in S-B-S and R-R plots, respectively (p < 0.05). In especial, bacteria and fungi were more in R-B-R plot than those in any other ones. B. japonicum, AMF, and mesophilic Bacillus sp. were also greater in S-B-S plot than those. In the community distribution, however, bacteria and actinomycetes showed comparatively high values in S-B-S plot relative to either R-R or R-B-R plot including rice, in which fungi outstanding. In the correlation between microbial biomass and soil properties changed by the cropping, bacteria was positively correlated with C:N ratio; actinomycetes with exchangeable Ca; fungi with available $P_2O_5$ (p < 0.05). While these microbes showed negative response to water stable aggregates of soil.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.698-706
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• 2004

Heat transfer coefficients of enhanced tubes in a flooded evaporator are measured through Wilson Plot method. And the correlations are proposed to design a flooded evaporators. Overall heat transfer coefficients are composed of the heat transfer coefficients both inside and outside tubes. Usually the experiments have been conducted separately. But there have been many difficulties like setting up the equipments and measuring the wall temperature. Wilson Plot method makes it possible to measure the separated transfer coefficients at the same equipment through experimental skills. So the cost and time can be reduced. And the results are reliable enough to use for design. Heat transfer coefficients inside the tube were able to be correlated uniquely in spite of various outside conditions. Boiling heat transfer of R134a is more dependent on the saturation temperature and much higher than that of R123.

• 한국품질경영학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국품질경영학회 2009년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.33-39
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 현장에서 6 시그마를 활용 시 통계분석의 기초가 되는 초기 데이터 분석에 대한 고찰이다. 통계의 가장 기본이 되는 데이터가 잘못되었으면 나머지 모두 문제가 된다. 이에 데이터 초기에 발생할 수 있는 여러 오류의 가능성을 살펴보고 각각에 대해 해결책을 제시하였다. 여기서 활용하는 방법들은 계측기 선정, Gage R&R, Histogram, Box-plot, PDF, Box-Cox 변화 등이다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.580-584
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• 2008

Second-order rate constants (kN) have been measured spectrophotometrically for reactions of Y-substituted phenyl benzoates (1a-h) with azide ion (N3) in 80 mol % H2O/20 mol % DMSO at 25.0 0.1 oC. The Brnsted-type plot for the azidolysis exhibits a downward curvature, i.e., the slope (b lg) changes from 0.97 to 0.20 as the basicity of the leaving group decreases. The pKao (defined as the pKa at the center of the Brnsted curvature) is 4.8, which is practically identical to the pKa of the conjugate acid of N3 ion (4.73). Hammett plots correlated with s o and s constants exhibit highly scattered points for the azidolysis. On the contrary, the corresponding Yukawa-Tsuno plot results in an excellent linear correlation with r = 2.45 and r = 0.40, indicating that the leaving group departs in the rate-determining step. The curved Brnsted-type plot has been interpreted as a change in the rate-determining step in a stepwise mechanism. The microscopic rate constants (k1 and k2/k1 ratio) have been calculated for the azidolysis and found to be consistent with the proposed mechanism.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.270-275
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• 2000

In this study, heat transfer and Pressure drop characteristics for R-718 in the plate and shell heat exchanger (P&SHE) investigated experimentally. The plates are circular and welded into a stack which fits into a cylindrical shell in P&SHE. Although apparently very different from rectangular the compact brazed plate heat exchanger (CBE), the underlying flow passage structure through the P&SHE is the same as in the CBE. The R-718 between plate side and shell side was performed a counterflow heat exchange. Heat transfer characteristic of R-718 were measured for turbulent flow in P&SHE by using wilson plot technique. Heat transfer experiment Ivas performed in the $200{\leq}Re{\leq}500$ regime and Pressure drop experiment was performed in the $150{\leq}Re{\leq}1600$ regime. The purpose of this study is to investigate heat transfer and friction factor correlations for R-718 in P&SHE and to offer fundamental data for experiment

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.218-223
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• 1996

패모재배시(貝母栽培時) 파종적기(播種適期) 및 적정(適正) 재식밀도(栽植密度)를 구명(究明)하고자 충북지방재내종(忠北地方在來種)을 공시(供試)하여 $1989{\sim}1991$년에 걸쳐 파종기(播種期)는 8월(月) 20일(日)부터 10월(月) 10일(日)까지 10일(日) 간격(間隔)으로 6회(回), 재식밀도(栽植密度)는, $m^2$당(當) 약구(弱球), 22, 17, 13구(球) 등(球) 4처리(處理)로 시험(試驗)을 수행한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 파종(播種)이 빠를수록 출현(出現)이 빨라지나 파종기(播種期)가 50일(日) 늦어도 출현기(出現期)는 14일(日)이 늦었으며, 초장(草長)은 8월(月) 20日 22.7cm보다 파종(播種)이 늦어질수록 $2.4{\sim}5.6$cm가 각각(各各) 짧았으나 만파(晩播)인 10月 10日에는 5.6cm가 짧았다. 2. 파종기별(播種期別) 수양(收量)은 8월(月) 30일(日)의 829kg/10a에 비(比)하여 8월(月) 20일(日)은 1%증수(增收)되었으나 9월(月) 10일(日)은 4%, 9월(月) 20일(日)은 25%, 9월(月) 30일(日)은 30%, 10월(月)10일(日)은 30%로 급감(急減)되어 8월(月) 20일(日)${\sim}$8월(月) 30일(日)이 유리(有利)하였다. 3. 출현(出現)은 $m^2$당(當) 3구(球)의 3월(月) 7월(月)보다 소식(疎植)할수록 $1{\sim}3$일(日)이 각각(各各)늦었고, 초장(草長)은 금구(錦球)의 21.8cm에 비(比)하여 $0.7{\sim}1.8cm$가 짧았으며, 동수(童數)는 3구(球)의 0.1개(個)보다 22구(球)는 0.4개(個), 17구(球)는 0.6개(個), 교라는 0.5개(個)가 각각(各各) 많아 밀식(密植)보다 소식(疎植)에서 많았다. 4. 수양(收量)은 $m^2$당 22구(球) 854kg/10a에 비(比)하여 훈구(訓球)는 2% 증수(增收) 되었으나 17구(球)는 16% 13구(球)는 34%가 각각(各各) 감수(減收)되었다. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果) 중부내륙지방(中部內陸地方)에서 패모재배시(貝母栽培時) 파종기(播種期)는 8월(月) 25일(日) 전후(前後), 재식밀도(栽植密度)는 $m^2$당(當) 22구(球) 내외(內外)가 효과적(效果的)인 것으로 생각된다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.2036-2040
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• 2013

Reactions of 4-nitrophenyl 2-thiophenecarboxylate (1a-e) with $R_2NH/R_2NH{_2}^+$ in 20 mol % DMSO (aq) have been studied kinetically. The $2^{nd}$ order kinetics, ${\beta}_{nuc}$ = 0.88-0.98, and linear Hammett and Yukawa-Tsuno plots observed for these reactions indicate an addition-elimination mechanism in which the $2^{nd}$ step is rate limiting. The ${\beta}_{nuc}$ value increased with a stronger electron-withdrawing 5-thienyl substituent, the Hammett plots are linear except for X = MeO, and Yukawa-Tsuno plots are linear with ${\rho}$ = 0.79-1.32 and r = 0.28-0.93, respectively. The ${\rho}$ value increased and r value decreased with a stronger nucleophile, indicating an increase in the electron density at the C=O bond and a decrease in the resonance demand. These results have been interpreted with enhanced N-C bond formation in the transition state with the reactivity increase.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.369-391
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• 2021

The vlda is an R (R Development Core team et al., 2011) package which provides functions for visualization of multidimensional longitudinal data. In particular, the R package vlda was developed to assist in producing a plot that more effectively expresses changes over time for two different types (long format and wide format) and uses a consistent calling scheme for longitudinal data. The main features of this package allow us to identify the relationship between categories and objects using an indicator matrix with object information, as well as to cluster objects. The R package vlda can be used to understand trends in observations over time in addition to identifying relative relationships at a simple visualization level. It also offers a new interactive implementation to perform additional interpretation, therefore it is useful for longitudinal data visual analysis. Due to the synergistic relationship between the existing VLDA plot and interactive features, the user is empowered by a refined observe the visual aspects of the VLDA plot layout. Furthermore, it allows the projection of supplementary information (supplementary objects and variables) that often occurs in longitudinal data of graphs. In this study, practical examples are provided to highlight the implemented methods of real applications.