• 대한수학회논문집
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.261-264
• /
• 1994

Throughout this paper, all rings are assumed to be commutative with identity. By a local ring (R, m), we mean a Noetherian ring R which has the unique maximal ideal m. By dim(R) we always mean the Krull dimension of R. Let I be an ideal in a ring R and t an indeterminate over R. Then the Rees algebra R[It] is defined to be(omitted)

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.124-127
• /
• 2010

In this paper, we introduce the concepts of fuzzy r-minimal continuous function and fuzzy r-minimal open function between a fuzzy r-minimal space and a fuzzy topological space. We also investigate characterizations and properties for such functions.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.101-110
• /
• 2018

This study aims to objectively measure the efficiency of nanotechnology R&D programs by systematically evaluating the inputs and outputs of nanotechnology R&D activities and to find implications for improving the efficiency of nanotechnology R&D programs. Data on input factors such as R&D investment, R&D manpower, R&D period, and output factors such as paper, patent, and commercialization for R&D projects which started from 2008 or afterwards and ended by 2011 are gathered through National Science and Technology Knowledge Information Service, which are used for efficiency evaluation. In this study, we analyzed R&D efficiency in detailed technology units in depth. The process taken in this study is as follows. First, the basic statistics of input and output factors to compare and analyze R&D investment, R&D manpower, R&D period, paper, patent, and commercialization status by technology unit are analyzed. Next, DEA models are utilized to derive the overall efficiency, pure technology efficiency, and scale efficiency by conducting the efficiency evaluation for each technology unit, from which implications for strategic budget allocation are derived. In addition, partial efficiency evaluation is conducted to identify advantages and disadvantages of each technology unit. In turn, cluster analysis is performed to identify similar technology units, from which implications for efficiency improvement are derived.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.304-311
• /
• 2010

종이기록물의 특성을 평가하고 일반적으로 사용되는 파괴적인 방법이었다. 이를 개선하기 위하여 비파괴적인 방법인 근적외선 분광법(Near infrared spectroscopy, NIRS)을 적용하였다. 국가기록원이 보유하고 있는 종이 중에서 복사지, 봉투용지, 백상지, 신문용지, 한지 등과 1960년대~1980년대 각종 종이기록물 총 28점을 시료로 이용하였고, 종이기록물의 특성 평가항목인 열단장, 내절강도, pH, 함수율을 분석하였다. 그리고 각 시료에 대한 NIR스펙트럼을 구하여 가장 최적의 검량곡선을 작성하고, 이 검량곡선의 직선성, 스펙트럼 범위, 재현성 등을 검토하여 본 분석의 정확성을 검증하였다. 각 항목별 상관관계($R^2$)와 표준예측오차(standard error of prediction, SEP)는 열단장은 $R^2$=91.44, SEP=0.508, 내절강도 $R^2$=92.62, SEP=0.281, 함수율은 $R^2$=94.09, SEP=0.931, pH는 $R^2$=94.79, SEP= -0.0631로 양호하였다. 근적외선분광법은 종이시료를 파괴하지 않고 신속하게 특성을 평가할 수 있는 방법의 가능성을 보여주었다.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.421-424
• /
• 2009

Fuzzy semi-weakly r-semicontinuous 함수의 개념을 소개하며 특성을 조사한다. 본 논문에서 소개된 함수와 fuzzy r-semicontinuity와 fuzzy weakly r-semicontinuity의 관계를 밝힌다.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.5-13
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the relationship between government subsidies and research and development (R&D) investment of animal husbandry companies in China. The moderating effects of firm size, debt ratio, and firm profitability on this relationship are also examined. Research design, data and methodology: The analysis is based on 14 animal husbandry companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges over the period of 2012-2016. Data are obtained from the China Stock Market & Accounting Research (CSMAR) database and the RESSET database, and multiple regression analysis is utilized with the aid of Stata. Results: The empirical results show that government subsidies can promote R&D investment of animal husbandry companies in China. In addition, firm size, debt ratio, and firm profitability have positive moderating effects on the relationship between government subsidies and R&D investment. Conclusions: Based on the results, the paper concludes that government subsidies play an important role in the process of R&D of China's animal husbandry companies. This paper recommends that managers of animal husbandry companies should enhance the utilization efficiency of government subsidies and put great emphasis on R&D investment. The policymakers should implement more incentives to encourage animal husbandry companies to invest more in R&D.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.117-125
• /
• 1998

In this paper, we investigate some conditions which are equivalent to fuzzy $r$-homeomorphisms and give some characterizing theorems for fuzzy $r$-semicontinuous, $r$-semiopen and $r$-semiclosed maps.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• 제18권1_2호
• /
• pp.573-583
• /
• 2005

In this paper, all near-rings R are left near-rings and all representations of R are (right) R-groups. We start with a study of AR, almost AR and AGR rings which are motivated by the works on the Sullivan's Problem [10] and its properties. Next, for any R-group G, we introduce a notion of R-groups with M R-property and investigate their properties and some characterizations of these R-groups. Finally, for the faithful M R-property, we get a commutativity of near-rings and rings.

• East Asian mathematical journal
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.171-177
• /
• 2009

Throughout this paper, we denote that R is a near-ring and G an R-group. We initiate a study of R-substructures of G, monogenic R-groups, faithful R-groups and faithful D.G. representations of near-rings. Next, we investigate some properties of monogenic R-groups, faithful monogenic R-groups and a generalization of annihilator concepts in R-groups.

• 한국인쇄학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.139-150
• /
• 2004

Development of the paper coating technologies to prevent print mottle is needed to obtain high quality printing. Printing mottle is recognized as the most common printing problems in using coated paper and which is one of the most difficult problems to solve in offset printing. Print mottle is one of the most important quality properties of printed products and manufacturers strive to improve the paper surface to gain higher and more even print mottle. The prevention of printed mottle requires of coating color formation, especially the minimum of binder migration. The results the uniformity of liquid absorption by paper at very short contact time between paper and testing printing liquids.