• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.250-261
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• 2001

Alternative therapy for rheumatoid arthritis has become worldwide phenomenon this decade without scientific validation. This study was undertaken to explore the prevalence, patterns of use, and perceived efficacy of alternative therapies by patients attending a rheumatology clinic. We conducted a crossectional survey of 142 RA patients with structured questionnaire at outpatient rheumatic clinic from July to August in 2001. Results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. 85.9% of subjects were woman. Mean age was 49.97years, duration of rheumatoid arthritis was 5.6years. Mean pain score was 5.29cm. 2. 74.6% of subjects perceived rheumatoid arthritis as a controllable disease. 31% of patients combined medical treatments with alternative therapies. 58.5% of patients perceived that combining medical treatments with alternative therapies is the most effective strategy in controlling disease. 3. 77.5% had used more than one alternative therapy since the diagnosis was made. The major reason of discontinuation of use was no effect for the treatment of their disease. 4. 34.5% were currently using an alternative therapies and 50.9% were going to use alternative therapies in future. 5. 42.7% reported that alternative therapies was effective and only 3.6% reported side effects. 6. The perceived effect score was 3.14cm in general expecially the physiological score 2.91cm, psychological score 4.16cm. In conclusion, our results demonstrate a high use of alternative therapies by rheumatoid arthritis patients. And the perceived effect score of physiological aspect was not higher than one of psychological aspect. Therefore it should be considered in education program for the use of alternative therapies.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.184-194
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a diabetes management self-efficacy scale for older adults (DMSES-O). Methods: A preliminary DMSES-O of 22 items was derived from a literature review and seven domains of self-management behaviors. Content validity was confirmed by experts in diabetes self-management education. To test the reliability and validity of the DMSES-O, data were collected from 150 older adults with type 2 diabetes. The data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ and Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated. Results: From the exploratory factor analysis, 17 significant items in six subscales were derived. Factors derived were named "problem solving for hypoglycemia and self-monitoring blood glucose," "problem solving for hyperglycemia," "coping with psychological distress and taking medication," "reducing risks of diabetes complications," "appropriate exercise," and "healthy eating." The criterion-related validity of the DMSES-O was established by its correlation with the Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities Questionnaire. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, a measure of internal consistency, was .84 for the overall scale and ranged from .54 to .80 for the subscales. Conclusion: The DMSES-O is a reliable and valid instrument to measure selfefficacy for diabetes self-management among older adults.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 2005

Objectives : To help develop strategies to cope with the changes arising from the rapid aging process by predicting the determining factors of intention to actual use of the charged long-term care services for elderly as perceived by the middle aged who play the major role of supports. Methods : Subjects were the parents (men 177, women 507) in their 40s of the students selected from a university of Busan city. A questionnaire survey was conducted for 4 weeks in October 2003 about the knowledge for long-term care service, the intention of actual use, and the preferences about the type of service suppliers. Data analysis was performed with frequency, chi-square test, and t-test using SPSS program (ver 10.0K), along with data mining using decision tree of Enterprise Miner V8.2 by SAS. Results : About half of the subjects (53.7%) had the actual experiences of elderly supports. Intentions to use the charged services were relatively high in home visiting nursing care service (40.1%) and long-term care facilities service (40.4%), and were influenced by previous knowledge about the services. The intentions were stronger in women, those with higher education, and those with greater income levels. Actual elderly supports were mostly (80%) done by women, and the perceived burdens for the supports were bigger in women and those of lower socioeconomic level. Desired charges were about 10,000 won for the bath service, 20,000 won for the rests services per day, and about 500,000 won for the long-term care facilities service per month. From the result of decision tree analysis, the job professionalism was the most important determining factor of intention to actual use of the services with validation as $63{\sim}71%$. Health and welfare mixed type facilities were preferred, and the most important consideration was the level of professionalism. Conclusions : Intention to actual use of the charged services was largely determined by the aspects of time and cost. Polices to increase the number of service suppliers and to decrease the burdens perceived by actual supporters were strongly recommended.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.69-99
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• 2012

This study aims to develop a highly-reliable inventory for measuring and analyzing the positive psychological experience in math learning. A measurement result provides meaningful information on the strength of students. Elements of positive psychological experience in math learning were extracted by the extensive research on the literature. The result was verified through the open survey. Through this process, the first preliminary questionnaire of 106 items was released, and was revised into the second one of 66 items through a continuous investigation on reliability and validity. Finally, a measurement inventory with 65 questions for testing 'positive psychological experience in math learning' was established.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.124-136
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• 2010

Objective:: This study aimed to examine the customers' utilization of and satisfaction with oriental medical clinics in South Korea. Method: The data for this study were collected from 1,208 patients of 391 oriental medical clinics through a mail questionnaire survey from September to December 2008. The collected data were analyzed by the frequency analysis and $X^2$-test. Results: The results of the study were as follows. First, the most important reason that patients used oriental medical services was to get both oriental and western medical services simultaneously, because they thought such approach would be more effective for treating their diseases. Second, two important reasons that patients visited oriental medical clinics were "the reputation of and trust in the oriental medical clinics" and "the recommendation of their family and friends". Third, many patients of the oriental medical clinics have concerns about the "high prices and the outcome of oriental medical services". Fourth, the most preferred oriental medical service was "acupuncture". Fifth, it was found that 75% of the respondents were satisfied with the services they had received. They told that the outcome of the care and the kindness of the clinics' staff were very important factors that have an impact on their satisfaction. Conclusion: The study results imply that oriental medical clinics have to make an effort to strengthen their reputation and trust in the community through the scientific validation of oriental medicine, differentiated services mixed with traditional value, customer relationship management, reasonable and acceptable price of the services, staff education, and continuous quality improvement.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2018

Objectives It is important to maintain health for students. The School Health Law is enacted in Korea to carry out the school health project like Korean Medicine Doctor's student Health and Wellness program. The purpose of this study was to examine the student's satisfaction of the program. Methods The school project was conducted in 19 schools in Seongnam city from May 2016 to December 2016. This school program was consisted of health counseling, necessary treatment, health related lectures, and vocational education about Korean medicine. A satisfaction questionnaire was conducted to gather information about overall satisfaction of the program and the program details such as health counseling, treatment, and health lectures. Results A total of 1,713 students and faculty members participated and 164 of those students completed the satisfaction survey. The overall mean score for the teaching activities was $8.54{\pm}1.76$, satisfaction of health counseling was $8.57{\pm}1.74$, treatment satisfaction was $8.39{\pm}1.83$, satisfaction with the health lectures was $8.23{\pm}1.96$ (range 3~10), and the need for continuity of the program was $8.43{\pm}1.91$ (range 1~10). One of the main benefit from the program was that students were able to get necessary treatment as soon as possible (51.2%). Conclusions We found that Korean medicine is suitable for the program. However, the large-scale prospective study will be needed for validation of the findings.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.507-517
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• 2016

This study examines the types and characteristics of traumatic events middle-aged women experience and to explore the effects of attachment in the process of post-traumatic growth and forming a self-realization. 221 of participants were middle-aged women from the area of Seoul, Gyeong-Gi and the survey was composed of post-traumatic experience questionnaire, attachment scale, post-traumatic growth scale, self-realization scale. The type and characteristics of traumatic experience by middle-aged women were executed by frequency analysis and correlation with the structural equation model validation was used in order to analyze the relationship between each variable. the major findings are First, the loss of someone close(such as death, breaking up, divorce, breaking off) was reported as something general yet the biggest crisis event, Second, looking at the relationship between attachment, post-traumatic growth and self-realization, the secure parental attachment and spiritual transformation showed the correlation in all subregions except the subvariables of humanity and self-acceptance and Third, the results of Structural Equation Modeling shows that attachment has a static effect on post-traumatic growth and self-realization, and post-traumatic growth appeared to be the mediating factor of attachment and self-realization.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.84-97
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to develop the Korean Prototype of Wellness Index (KP-WI) and identify the relationship between Koreans' health characteristics and wellness. Methods: The Wellness Index (WI) was translated into the primitive version of the KP-WI, considering the Koreans' culture and health behavior. It was administered to 223 service industrial employees at one workplace along with the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and Stress Questionnaire-Short Form. Data analyses included item-total correlation, Pearson's correlation coefficient, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA. Results: The primitive version was modified to KP-WI based on the item-total correlation. The items considered to lower the reliability of the KP-WI were eliminated. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ for each subscale ranged from .857 to .939. Perceived stress and negative emotions correlated significantly with wellness measured by KP-WI (r=-.29, p<.001; r=-.27, p<.001). Positive emotions correlated significantly with wellness (r=.60, p<.001). Conclusion: This study contributes to the development of Korean-style wellness indexes by developing a prototype and exploring the factors related to wellness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.661-668
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the chemical reaction pathway for explosion accident of mixed cargo. The analysis used a structural scenario using event-tree analysis. Structural scenarios were constructed by estimating various chemical reaction paths in the content of the mixed cargo accident recorded in the written verdict. The analytical method was applied to three kinds of analysis: chemical analysis based on chemical theory, quantitative analysis using chemical reaction formula, and probabilistic analysis through questionnaire. As a result of analysis, the main pathway of the accident occurred in three ways: the path of explosion due to the reaction of concentrated sulfuric acid with water, the path of explosion due to the reaction of metal and mixed acid, and the path of explosion by synthesizing with special substances. This result is similar to the path recorded in the validation, and it leads to thar the proposed path analysis method is valid. The proposed method is expected to be applicable to chemical reaction path estimation of various chemical accidents.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.208-222
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• 2014

Pharmacy practice experiences play a central role in improving the professional abilities and roles of student pharmacists in the changed '2+4'-year curricula of Korean pharmacy schools. For the first 3 years, the students usually learn theoretical areas, and for the last year, they apply learned knowledge to actual pharmacy practice environments. Especially, in order for community pharmacy practice experiences to become firmly established, it is important to evaluate students' feedbacks of community pharmacy practice experiences. However, there have been little studies regarding this area in Korea. This study was to analyze pharmacy students' perceptions and evaluations after community pharmacy practice experiences. The self-reported questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale was utilized to collect data from the pharmacy students completing community pharmacy practice experiences. Total 62 students responded to the survey questionnaires. The average of students' evaluations of preceptors for overall evaluation items was 4.31 whereas that of student evaluations of practice sites for them was 4.03. The self-evaluations of students' expertises were mostly positive except for that of populations care. The evaluation item 'I believe this experience will help me be a better pharmacist' received the highest satisfaction. According to the results regarding open-ended questions, the students learned the needs for academic motivations and self-developments, and they thought that the curriculum should be standardized and systematized in order to improve contents for community pharmacy practice experiences. Furthermore, based on these results, the guidelines of community pharmacy practice experiences should be modified, and researches on the validation and evaluations of the modified guidelines should be implemented.