• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.94-131
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• 2007

A review on the papers published in the Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineering in 2004 and 2005 has been done. Focus has been put on current status of research in the aspect of heating, cooling, air-conditioning, ventilation, sanitation and building environment. The conclusions are as follows. (1) Most of fundamental studies on fluid flow were related with heat transportation of facilities. Drop formation and rivulet flow on solid surfaces were interesting topics related with condensation augmentation. Research on micro environment considering flow, heat, humidity was also interesting for comfortable living environment. It can be extended considering biological aspects. Development of fans and blowers of high performance and low noise were continuing topics. Well developed CFD and flow visualization(PIV, PTV and LDV methods) technologies were widely applied for developing facilities and their systems. (2) The research trends of the previous two yews are surveyed as groups of natural convection, forced convection, electronic cooling, heat transfer enhancement, frosting and defrosting, thermal properties, etc. New research topics introduced include natural convection heat transfer enhancement using nanofluid, supercritical cooling performance or oil miscibility of $CO_2$, enthalpy heat exchanger for heat recovery, heat transfer enhancement in a plate heat exchanger using fluid resonance. (3) The literature for the last two years($2004{\sim}2005$) is reviewed in the areas of heat pump, ice and water storage, cycle analysis and reused energy including geothermal, solar and unused energy). The research on cycle analysis and experiments for $CO_2$ was extensively carried out to replace the Ozone depleting and global warming refrigerants such as HFC and HCFC refrigerants. From the year of 2005, the Gas Engine Heat Pump(GHP) has been paid attention from the viewpoint of the gas cooling application. The heat pipe was focused on the performance improvement by the parametric analysis and the heat recovery applications. The storage systems were studied on the performance enhancement of the storage tank and cost analysis for heating and cooling applications. In the area of unused energy, the hybrid systems were extensively introduced and the life cycle cost analysis(LCCA) for the unused energy systems was also intensively carried out. (4) Recent studies of various refrigeration and air-conditioning systems have focused on the system performance and efficiency enhancement. Heat transfer characteristics during evaporation and condensation are investigated for several tube shapes and of alternative refrigerants including carbon dioxide. Efficiency of various compressors and expansion devices are also dealt with for better modeling and, in particular, performance improvement. Thermoelectric module and cooling systems are analyzed theoretically and experimentally. (5) According to the review of recent studies on ventilation systems, an appropriate ventilation systems including machenical and natural are required to satisfied the level of IAQ. Also, an recent studies on air-conditioning and absorption refrigeration systems, it has mainly focused on distribution and dehumidification of indoor air to improve the performance were carried out. (6) Based on a review of recent studies on indoor environment and building service systems, it is noticed that research issues have mainly focused on optimal thermal comfort, improvement of indoor air Quality and many innovative systems such as air-barrier type perimeter-less system with UFAC, radiant floor heating and cooling system and etc. New approaches are highlighted for improving indoor environmental condition as well as minimizing energy consumption, various activities of building control and operation strategy and energy performance analysis for economic evaluation.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2008

This study was conducted to develop an optimal composite recipe for a cookie including yam powder that would be attractive to all age groups. Wheat flour was partially substituted by yam powder to reduce the content of wheat flour. This study has produced the sensory optimal composite recipe by making cookies, respectively with each 5 level of yam powder $(X_1)$, Sugar$(X_2)$, butter$(X_3)$, by C.C.D (Central Composite Design) and conducting sensory evaluation and instrumental analysis by means of RSM (Response Surface Methodology). Sensory items showed very significant values in color, softness, overall quality (p<0.01), flavor (p<0.05) and those of instrumental analysis showed significant values in lightness, redness (p<0.05), spread ratio, hardness (p<0.01). Also sensory optimal ratio of yam cookie was calculated at yam powder 37.35 g, sugar 50.75 g, butter 78.40 g and it was revealed that the factors of influencing yam cookie aptitude were in older of yam powder, butter, sugar.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.174-180
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• 2000

This work was carried out to investigate the effects of mashing proportion of meju(as wet weight basis of raw soybean) to 20% salt brine on the chemical compositions and sensory characteristics of kanjang. By increasing the salt brine proportion in the kanjang mash, total nitrogen, TCA soluble nitrogen and total free amino acid content in kanjang were decreased accordingly, but although pH values and organic acids content were not different noticeably, the major organic acids in kanjang, lactic acid, pyroglutamic acid and acetic acid were increased up to the mashing proportion of 1:2 from 1:1 and pH values decreased up to that of 1:2.5. Residual sugar content in 1:1 kanjang was exceptionally high. The major free amino acids in kanjang were glutamic acid, lysine, alanine and leucine. The acceptability scores of kanjang tested by sensory evaluation were decreased in inverse proportion to the salt brine proportion of kanjang mash, but those of kanjang samples with $1:1{\sim}1:2.5$ mashing proportions were not significantly different but that of 1:3 different from 1:1 statistically at 5% level. The major chemical compositions, significantly effective to the acceptability of kanjang, were found to be glutamic acid and free amino acid by statistical analysis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.959-966
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• 2014

This study was carried out to develop a functional healthy drink using 60% ethanol of dried Acanthopanax senticosus stem extract (ASE). The preparation, physical activity, anti-oxidant activity, and sensory properties of ASE were investigated. The moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, and ash contents of dried ASE were $6.50{\pm}0.12%$, $5.89{\pm}0.16%$, $1.18{\pm}0.11%$, and $3.03{\pm}0.40%$ respectively. The 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was $87.42{\pm}1.63%$ at 1/10 folds diluted ASE. In total, 40 male ICR mice were divided into five groups including the control (PBS), positive control (Red ginseng 200 mg/kg/day), and ASE-treated groups at doses of 35, 70, and 140 mg/kg/day for five weeks, respectively. ASE was administrated orally one time per day for five weeks before treadmill exercises, and normal and positive controls were fed PBS and red ginseng extract. In the treadmill test, ASE-treated mice (140 mg/kg/day) could run 1.4 times longer than the control mice. Healthy drinks were prepared with the addition of ASE at levels of 0.97% or 0.49% (A, B, and C type). Among the healthy drinks, the B type (ASE, 0.97%) was revealed to have the highest level of taste and overall acceptability through a sensory evaluation. The brix and pH of the ASE health drink (B type) were 14.9 and 4.51, respectively. These results indicated that the dried stem of Acanthopanax senticosus could be used as a functional material in the health drink industry.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.293-299
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• 2005

To determine optimal fermentation period of vegetables mixed with black sugar without innoculation of microorganisms, changes in chemical components, quality characteristics of the fermented broth and physiological functionality during the fermentation period were investigated, pH and $^{\circ}BX$ of the fermented broths were decreased gradually during the fermentation period. Except for radish, L and a color values of fermented broths were increased but b values were decreased during fermentation period. Viscosity of fermented broths of vegetables were decreased after 3 months of fermentation. ${\alpha}-Amylase$ activity in fermentation broth of brocolli, eggplant, cabbage, chicory, aralia, radish were increased to 460, 430, 180, 420, 560, 260 after six months fermentation period. In radish and tomato fermentation broth, invertase activity were increased to 200 and 460 units and cellulase activity were increased to 280 and 140 after six months fermentation period. The content of total phenolic compounds and electron donating ability were the highest after 2 to 4 months fermentation period and decreased thereafter. No significant level of tyrosinase inhibitory activity and SOD-like activity were observed. In the sensory evaluation test of aralia fermentation broth of droop, sweet and sour flavor and bitter, astringent taste were decreased during the fermentation period and droop tastes were highest in 3 months. In radish fermentation broth, radish flavor and pungent taste were decreased and sweet taste was increased during fermentation period. Acceptability in overall was the greatest after three months. Based on the results stated above, optimal fermentation period was appropriated 3 or 4 months.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.153-165
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• 2014

Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technology is recognizing one of method responding the climate change with reduction of carbon dioxide in atmosphere. In Korea, due to its geological characteristics, sub-seabed geological $CO_2$ storage is regarded as more practical approach than on-land storage under the goal of its deployment. However, concerns on potential $CO_2$ leakage and relevant acidification issue in the marine environment can be an important subject in recently increasing sub-seabed geological $CO_2$ storage sites. In the present study effect data from literatures were collected in order to conduct an effect assessment of elevated $CO_2$ levels in marine environments using a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) various marine organisms such as microbe, crustacean, echinoderm, mollusc and fish. Results from literatures using domestic species were compared to those from foreign literatures to evaluate the reliability of the effect levels of each biological group and end-point. Ecological effect guidelines through estimating level of pH variation (${\delta}pH$) to adversely affect 5 and 50% of tested organisms, HC5 and HC50, were determined using SSD of marine organisms exposed to the $CO_2$-induced acidification. Estimated HC5 as ${\delta}pH$ of 0.137 can be used as only interim quality guideline possibly with adequate assessment factor. In the future, the current interim guideline as HC5 of ${\delta}pH$ in this study will look forward to compensate with supplement of ecotoxicological data reflecting various trophic levels and indigenous species.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.68-87
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• 2016

This research conducted a survey for total 166 teachers of schools so as to analyze validity and satisfaction for performance objectives of SMB administration subsidy the HRDP and the CEP in Specialized High School. The results of research are as follows. First, teachers recognize that purpose of HRDP is to expand employment of specialized high school and provide human resource of SMB. And, they recognize that HRDP is important to improve school outcomes and makes a positive effect on the improvement of school outcomes. Second, teachers recognize that objectives of HRDP are improvement of student's understanding for SMB, improvement of teacher's understanding for SMB, improvement of SMB's understanding of school, cultivation of student's occupational view, systematization of career guiding program based on employment process, strengthening of industry-academia cooperation education, improvement of the level of student's skill, fulfillment of workplace experience and practice focusing workplace learning, training of customized human resource for SMB, improvement of student's adaptation to the workplace, improvement of employment rate for SMB, expansion of job opportunities for students with SMB, preparation of the base of connection between school and SMB, publicity of school, expansion of opportunities to cooperate between SMB and school, establishment of cooperative system among industrial association and school, introduction and operation of the employment connective model for joint education and employment, strengthening of field professionalism of teachers. However, satisfaction for the achievement of objectives of HRDP except for strengthening of industry-academia cooperation education and improvement of employment rate for SMB is relatively lower than the validity. Third, teachers in charge of human resource training business of middle and small sized company's specialized high school recognize that objectives of CEP are expansion of job opportunities for students with SMB, excavation of good-quality SMB, expansion of opportunities to cooperate between SMB and school, fulfillment of workplace learning, improvement of student's major foundation and in-depth skill, improvement of literacy, math, teamwork and communication abilities for students' job performance, improvement of student's working attitude and student's proper career exploration decision. However, satisfaction for achievement of objectives of CEP is relatively lower than the validity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.22-31
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• 2012

This study was prompted by the recognition that the tenn "Community design" has recently been used in diverse practical fields without prior discussion about its underpinnings, a potentially problematic state of affairs. Based on these problems, this study studied the special quality about the concept of community design. Community design can be discussed from two perspectives. The first views community design as a design that concerns the community, an inhabited area populated with people who have common interests, at least in part because of geographic proximity to each other. The second sees community design as a movement that started in the 1960s and places a great importance on democratic decision making, communication, and collaboration. This study will focus on the latter. This branch of community design encompasses an advocacy planning approach, in which design professionals represent deprived communities in their resistance against comprehensive redevelopment. This was associated to the wider social protest movements of the mid and late 1960s. In the 1970s, this branch of community design was developed alongside community design centers, which provided local-level technical assistance to the communities on a number of issues, such as design and planning. The discussion about community design started in earnest from the early 1980s. A review of the literature m community design reveals several characteristics. First, community design deals with the relationship between the physical environment and several aspects of a region, including the social and cultural. Second, it involves community participation, which many scholars believe is the core of community design. Specifically, community design has been characterized by increased participation and democratic debate and decision making. The Third is about communication methods. Since the 1960s, diverse methods had been developed to promote communication effectively. Finally, community design must consider the relationship between designers, who typically value aesthetics and efficiency of form, and the needs of the community with which they are working. Indeed, some scholars believe that this relationship is generally contentious, although the designer can also be thought of as the facilitator of the community's needs. As community design practice becomes more prevalent, a review of the foundation of institution and policy and the role of experts is also needed. The community design movement bas been theorized ex post facto through diverse discussion that has sought to ascribe meaning and direction to its practice. In other words, the relationship between this theory and practice is cyclical. Therefore, this study can contribute to the virtuous circle.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.133-149
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• 2014

One of the main purposes of universities is to create new intellectual resources that will increase social values. These intellectual resources include academic research papers, lecture notes, patents, and creative ideas produced by both professors and students. However, intellectual resources in universities are often not distributed to the actual users or companies; and moreover, they are not even systematically being managed inside of the universities. Therefore, it is almost impossible for companies to access the knowledge created by university students and professors to utilize them. Thus, the current level of knowledge sharing between universities and industries are very low. This causes a great extravagant with high-quality intellectual and human resources, and it leads to quite an amount of social loss in the modern society. In the 21st century, the creative ideas are the key growth powers for many industries. Many of the globally leading companies such as Fedex, Dell, and Facebook have established their business models based on the innovative ideas created by university students in undergraduate courses. This indicates that the unconventional ideas from young generations can create new growth power for companies and immensely increase social values. Therefore, this paper suggests of a new platform for intellectual properties distribution with university-industry cooperation. The suggested platform distributes intellectual resources of universities to industries. This platform has following characteristics. First, it distributes not only the intellectual resources, but also the human resources associated with the knowledge. Second, it diversifies the types of compensation for utilizing the intellectual properties, which are beneficial for both the university students and companies. For example, it extends the conventional monetary rewards to non-monetary rewards such as influencing on the participating internship programs or job interviews. Third, it suggests of a new knowledge map based on the relationships between key words, so that the various types of intellectual properties can be searched efficiently. In order to design the system platform, we surveyed 120 potential users to obtain the system requirements. First, 50 university students and 30 professors in humanities and social sciences departments were surveyed. We sent queries on what types of intellectual resources they produce per year, how many intellectual resources they produce, if they are willing to distribute their intellectual properties to the industries, and what types of compensations they expect in returns. Secondly, 40 entrepreneurs were surveyed, who are potential consumers of the intellectual properties of universities. We sent queries on what types of intellectual resources they want, what types of compensations they are willing to provide in returns, and what are the main factors they considered to be important when searching for the intellectual properties. The implications of this survey are as follows. First, entrepreneurs are willing to utilize intellectual properties created by both professors and students. They are more interested in creative ideas in universities rather than the academic papers or educational class materials. Second, non-monetary rewards, such as participating internship program or job interview, can be the appropriate types of compensations to replace monetary rewards. The results of the survey showed that majority of the university students were willing to provide their intellectual properties without any monetary rewards to earn the industrial networks with companies. Also, the entrepreneurs were willing to provide non-monetary compensation and hoped to have networks with university students for recruiting. Thus, the non-monetary rewards are mutually beneficial for both sides. Thirdly, classifying intellectual resources of universities based on the academic areas are inappropriate for efficient searching. Also, the various types of intellectual resources cannot be categorized into one standard. This paper suggests of a new platform for the distribution of intellectual materials and human resources, with university-industry cooperation based on these survey results. The suggested platform contains the four major components such as knowledge schema, knowledge map, system interface, and GUI (Graphic User Interface), and it presents the overall system architecture.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.135-155
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the environmental sustainability of new town development in metropolitan area, Korea and derive some policy implications for sustainable urban development. The case study area selected for empirical research is Jisan Bummul new town in Taegu. In the part of theoretical review, it is considered that the urban form suitable to sustainable development of a metropolis is the type of decentralized concentration. For the decentralized concentration form, we suggest developing suburban centers with self-sufficiency within a metropolis. This strategy is to develop a few suburban centers on the outskirts of a metropolis to decentralize urban activities of the central city, and to conserve the remaining. The empirical study evaluating the environmental sustainability of new town development shows that Jisan Bummul new town generally have low environmental sustain ability, because of the policy of mass housing provisions without consideration on overall natural conditions and environmental capacity of the area. To develop a new town. we must first select the locational site with minimum possibility of the destruction of natural environment, and then it is necessary to develop new towns into compact form to minimize the destruction of the natural environment. Second, a new town should be developed into a large scale to obtain urban self-sufficiency. Third plans must be established for decentralising both industrial and residential functions of a metropolis simultaneously. As more detailed policy implications, it is suggested that the policies are needed to improve the quality of educational conditions and enhance the level of services of public transport facilities. It is also necessary to establish the comprehensive development plan that takes the adjacent developmental area into consideration, and to prepare various action plans to bring up the facilities of self-sufficiency. In the selection of the location of a new town, the adaptability of public transportation planning must be emphasized. But, to take a program for short-term mass housing provisions must be restricted.