• 과학교육연구지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.225-236
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 고등학교 1학년 과학과정의 사이버가정학습 콘텐츠 중 지구과학영역에 대한 콘텐츠 분석 및 평가를 하는 것이다. 이를 위해 한국교육학술정보원(2008)의 '초 중등교육 e-러닝 품질관리 가이드라인(Ver.2.0)'에서 제시한 '사이버가정학습 콘텐츠 품질관리도구'를 적용하였다. 사이버가정학습 콘텐츠 분석에 대한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학습 안내는 학생들이 한 차시에 학습하게 될 내용들을 간략히 소개하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 선수학습에서는 진단평가가 이루어지지 않은 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 본 학습에서는 학습자의 수준에 맞게 콘텐츠를 선택하여 학습할 수 있었고, 본 학습시간은 10분 내외로 구성되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 평가에서는 학습자가 오답에 대한 피드백은 이루어지지 않고, 틀린 문항 수만 제시되어 있었다. 그리고 학습 정리는 그 차시에 배운 중요한 내용에 대해서는 다시 요약 정리하여 제시하고 있다. 사이버가정학습 콘텐츠 평가에 대한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교수설계 평가영역에서는 학습자가 읽기에 불편한 많은 텍스트 자료를 제시하여 내용들을 설명하였다. 또한 학습자의 학습경험, 학습내용, 학습 환경을 고려한 체계적인 구성들이 미흡하였다. 그리고 학습내용 평가영역에서는 콘텐츠 에러로 학습내용이 나타나지 않았고, 각 차시마다 학습 분량이 너무 많은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 교수 학습전략 평가영역에서 자기주도적 학습전략은 학습자의 자유로운 정보 탐색 및 스스로 학습할 수 있는 환경이 제대로 갖추어져 있지 않았다. 그리고 상호작용 평가영역에서는 단순 클릭으로 학습이 진행되었다. 셋째, 평가에 대한 평가영역에서 학습목표, 학습내용 및 평가내용에 대해 일관성이 없는 것으로 평가되었다. 또한 콘텐츠는 수준별 콘텐츠로 구성이 되어 있지 않은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2022

파프리카의 다양한 온도 조건(5℃, 10℃, 20℃)에서 포장을 통한 선도 유지 효과를 검토하고자 하였다. 파프리카는 10℃정도에서 저장·유통이 적정한 것으로 알려져 있으나, 국내에서 유통은 상온에서 특별한 온도 관리 없이 이루어지고 있어 선도 유지를 위한 온도관리가 요구되고 있다. 파프라카 적색과인 '나가노알제트(Nagano RZ)' 등을 이용하여 온도에 따라 나이론 필름 포장 여부에 따른 생체중량 감소, 외관 변화 등의 품질 특성을 조사하였다. 포장을 통해서 각 온도 별로 외관에서는 포장을 한 것이 무포장보다 변화폭이 적어, 상품성 보존에 다소 효과적인 것으로 나타났으며, 온도에 따라서는 5℃와 10℃에서는 포장을 통해 선도 유지에 효과적으로 보였다. 20℃에서 필름 포장 여부에 관계없이 저장 중에 상품성이 빠르게 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 생체중량 감소 정도는 필름 포장 여부에 따라 차이가 커서 무포장이 포장한 것보다 감소 정도가 컸으며, 온도에 따라서는 20℃가 변화폭이 컸으며, 5와 10℃순으로 나타났다. 가용성고형물과 색소, 경도 등은 저장 온도와 필름 포장 여부에 따라 복합적으로 영향을 받아 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 파프리카는 20℃보다 저장 온도가 낮은 5℃도나 10℃가 선도 유지에 효과적이었으며, 포장을 통해 무포장 보다 외관적 선도에 더욱더 품질을 유지할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 실험에서는 국내 유통환경에서 파프리카를 보다 상품성을 유지할 수 있는 선도를 보존하기 위해 포장이 필요하며, 효과적인 포장 방법에 대해서는 지속적인 탐색이 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2012

첨단산업기술인 반도체, LCD 등 제조의 핵심공정인 클린룸은 생산제품의 성능 및 품질에 절대적인 영향을 미치는 가장 중요한 공정이다. 그러나 국내는 방화공학적인 측면에서 과학적이고 종합안전대책에 대한 체계적인 연구가 제대로 이루어지지 않고 있다. 본 연구는 LCD 제조공정 클린룸에 설치하는 제연시스템의 성능 및 문제점을 파악하여 이에 대한 개선방안을 도출하기 위하여 여러 시나리오를 고려한 화재시뮬레이션과 피난시뮬레이션을 통하여 분석하였다. LCD 제조공정의 클린룸 화재 및 연기확산에 대하여 분석한 결과 화재시 공조기의 연동정지는 반드시 필요하며 연기의 부력을 고려하여 FAB 상부에 배연을 할 수 있도록 하여야 한다. 또한 대규모 클린룸의 경우 화재특성상 스프링클러헤드의 집열 성능이 떨어지므로, 조기반응형 헤드의 설치 및 작동시간을 빠르게 하기 위한 보조장치를 설치하여야 한다. 특히, 대공간 클린룸은 자동화 공정으로 거주밀도가 낮지만, 복잡한 생산장비의 배치와 방진복을 착용하고 근무해야하는 환경특성 때문에 화재시 피난안전성능 확보가 어렵기 때문에 공정 내 위험요소의 철저한 관리 및 주기적인 교육과 훈련이 필요하며, 방재선진국의 기준에 준하는 수준의 국내 관련기술 기준을 정립할 필요가 있다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.327-338
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to enhance the effectiveness of Korean Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) program. Three main tasks are: to measure pollutant emissions of in-use light-duty diesel vehicles (LDVs); to evaluate the validity of existing smoke control scheme for low-smoke-emitting vehicles, which have diesel particulate filters, DPF, to meet stringent Euro-5 emission limits; and to assess the necessity and the benefit of $NO_x$ inspection, which is not involved in current I/M program. We measured second-by-second smoke, particulate and gaseous emissions of 27 LDVs using opacity smoke meter, photo-acoustic soot sensor, and portable emissions measurement system, respectively, under the Korean I/M test driving cycle, KD-147. We find that the DPF plays a key role in controlling soot, which can be considered as black carbon contained in particulate matter. Thus, from an I/M perspective, we believe smoke inspection strategies for Euro-5 diesel vehicles should be more focused on the capability of detecting DPF malfunctions or failures, in order to keep DPF properly functional. Fleet averaged distance-specific $NO_x$ emissions are consistently higher than corresponding emission limits, and the values are similar among pre-Euro-3, Euro-3, and Euro-4 vehicle fleets. These findings indicate that the $NO_x$ inspection should be incorporated into current I/M program in order to manage urban $NO_x$ emissions. This research allows the Korean I/M program keep pace with developments in vehicle technologies, as well as the increased emphasis on $NO_x$ with respect to air quality and human health.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.396-417
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• 1991

In order that nursing care an essential quality of nursing practice be acceptable and satisfying, it is necessary that client's culture be respected and that nursing practice be appropriate to that culture. Since cultural elements are an important influence on health practices and life patterns related to medical treatment, recovery from and prevention of disease, nurses need to have an understanding and knowledge of social and cultural phenomena to aid in the planning of nursing interventions. To understand the health practices surrounding health and illness, the health beliefs and practices of both folk and professional healing systems should be ascertained. Cultural data are required to provide care of high quality to clients and to reduce possible conflict between the client and the nurse. It is nursing's goal to provide clients from various cultures with quality nursing care which is satisfying and valuable. The problem addressed by this study was to identify Korean health practices which would contribute to the planning of professional caring practice with the culture : ultimately this study was intended to make a contribution to the development of the science of nursing. The concrete objectives of this study were ; 1) to identify Korean health practices, 2) to interpret the identitial health practices through traditional cultural thought, and 3) to compare the Korean health practices with those of other cultures. The investigator used the ethnosceintific approach outlined by spradly in a qualitative study. To discover ancestral wisdom and knowledge related to traditional health practeces, the subjects of this study were selected from residents of a small rural mountain village in south west Korea, a place considered to be maintaining and transmitting the traditional culture in a relatively well -preserved state because of being isolated from the modern world. The number of subjects was 18, aged 71 to 89. Research data were collected from January 8 to March 31, 1990. Five categories of health practices were identified : “Manage one's own mind”, “Moderation in all thing”, “Live in accord with nature”, “Live in mutuality with others”, and “Live to the best of one's ability”. Values derived from these ways of thinking from Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism help fashion a traditional way of life, examplified by the saying “Benifience to all”. Korean thought and philosophy is influenced primerily by Confucianism, Confucian principles of ethics, embedded deeply in the peoples' minds, form the idea that “heaven and human being are intimately united” based on concept that “heaven is, so to speak, reason”. Twoe Gae's theory of existential subjectivity develops the concept of self which is the basis of the spirit of reverence in modern Confucian philosophy. The human md is granted from heaven out of the idea of matter, and what control the mind is the spirit of reverence. Hence the idea of “The primacy of the mind" and provided that one should control one's own mind. The precepts of duty to parents, respect for elders and worship of ancestors, and moderation in all behavior put a restraint on life which directed that one live earnestly according to Nature's laws with their neighbors. Not only Confucianism, but also Buddism and Taoism have had an important effect upon these patterns of ideas. When compared with western culture, Korean health practices tend to be more inclusive, abstract and intuitive while westerner health practices found to be mere concrete, practical and personal. Values and beliefs based and pragmatism and existentialism infuence western civilization, Ethical values may be founded on utilitarianism, which considers what is good for the persons in their circumstances as the basis of conduct and takes a serious view of their practical lives including human aspirations rather than an absolute truth. These philosophical and ethical ideas are foundations for health practices related to active, practical and progressive attitudes. This study should be enable nursing not only to understand clients as reflections of the traditional culture when planning nursing practice, but to dovelop health education corresponding to cultural requiments for the purpose of protection against disease and improvement of health, and thus promote sound health practice. Eventually it is hoped that through these processes quality nursing care as the central idea of the science of nursing will be achieved.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5247-5253
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• 2012

본 연구는 식혜와 액상 커피의 제조 공정중 HACCP system을 이용하여 한계 기준 설정을 위한 목적으로 실시하였다. 살균공정의 한계 기준 설정은 충북 진천시 소재의 P사에서 약 30일 (2012년 4월 1~30일) 동안 살균온도와 시간을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 멸균전에는 식혜와 액상 커피에서 미생물이 검출되었다. 반면에 식혜(238mL Can, 500mL and 300mL PP, 1.8L PP)에서 모든 미생물은 살균($121{\pm}1^{\circ}C$에서 $15{\pm}1$, $35{\pm}1$ and $45{\pm}1$분) 후에는 검출되지 않았고, 액상 커피도 살균($121{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, $20{\pm}1$분)후 검출되지 않았다. 가장 적당한 온도와 시간을 결정하기 위한 살균기 조건은 $121{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, $20{\pm}1$분이었다. 결론적으로, 살균공정은 유해미생물(일반세균, 대장균군, 병원성 미생물)를 예방, 감소 또는 제거할 수 있는 좋은 대안이 될 것이다. 따라서 품질 유지와 생물학적 안전성을 위한 살균 온도와 시간의 한계기준은$121{\pm}1^{\circ}C$에서 $20{\pm}1$분으로 설정하였다. 그리고 HACCP 계획은 살균 공정중 모니터링 방법과 모니터링 주기, 문제 해결 방법, 교육, 훈련, 기록 관리 등을 위하여 필요하여 이를 제안하고자 한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4018-4024
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• 2012

본 연구는 볶음김치스프 제조공정중 살균공정의 살균온도와 시간에 대한 한계기준 설정을 위한 목적으로 실시하였다. 살균공정의 한계기준 설정은 경기도 이천시 소재의 P사에서 약 30일 (2012년 5월 1일~30일)동안 살균온도, 살균시간, 관능평가, 보관실험 및 보관 중 pH변화를 측정하였다. 분석결과 살균 전, 일반세균, 대장균군과 내열성 세균수(세균아포수)는 $6.00{\times}10^5$, $7.50{\times}10^2$ 그리고 $2.75{\times}10^2$ 검출되었다. 그러나 $90{\pm}5^{\circ}C$에서 $22{\pm}5min$ 동안 살균한 모든 시료에서는 일반세균, 대장균군, 내열성세균수(세균아포수) 모두 검출되지 않았다. 관능평가 결과는 $90{\pm}5^{\circ}C$에서 $22{\pm}5min$ 동안 살균했을 때 가장 맛있는 김치으로써 결정되었다. 결론적으로, 볶음 김치의 살균공정은 유해미생물(일반세균, 대장균군, 내열성세균수)를 예방, 감소 또는 제거할 수 있는 좋은 대안이 될 것이다. 따라서 품지 유지와 생물학적 안전성을 위한 살균 온도와 시간의 한계 기준은 $90{\pm}5^{\circ}C$에서 $22{\pm}5$분으로 설정하였다. 그리고 HACCP 계획은 살균 공정중 모니터링 방법과 모니터링 주기, 문제 해결 방법, 교육, 훈련, 기록 관리 등을 위하여 필요하여 이를 제안하고자 한다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.40-62
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• 1989

This study was conducted to measure the effects of clinical application of a Nursing Diagnosis Protocol. The dependent variables were the degree of patient's satisfaction and the degree of nurse's satisfaction with the nursing activity. Analysis of the effect of the use of the nursing diagnosis protocol was based on the nursing record. The subjects for this study were 61 nurses(experimental group 31, control group 30) and 155 patients (experimental group 55, control group 100) on four internal medicine wards in K University Hospital in Seoul. Data collection was done from August to October 12,1988. The results obtained in this study can be summarized as follows, 1, Effect of the clinical application of the nursing diagnosis protocol. 1) The first hypothesis ; “nurses who use the nursing diagnosis protocol will have higher degrees of satisfaction than those who use traditional methods” was rejected (t＝.54, df＝58, p＝.59). 2) The second hypothesis ; “patients nursed by nurses using the nursing diagnosis protocol will have higher degrees of satisfaction than those nursed with traditional methods” was supported(t＝1.93, df＝154, p＝.05). 3) The third hypothisis : Major hypothesis ; “the nursing records of the experimental group, who used the nursing diagnosis protocol, will be more detailed than those of the control group” was supported (t＝6.40, df＝79.90, p＝.000). (1) The first subhypothesis ; “The recorded data collection of the experimental group will be more detailed than that of the control group” was rejected (t＝1.79, df＝118, p＝.07). (2) The second subhypothesis ; “The recorded patient's problem statement of the experimental group will be more detailed than that of the control group”, was supported. (3) The third subhypothesis ; “The nursing record of the experimental group will be more convenient for implementation than that of the control group” was supported. 2. Factors related to the nurse's degree of satisfaction with protocol. 1) No general characteristics(age, religion, education level, duty career, present duty career) were related to the nurse's degree of satisfaction. 2) Variables related to the nurse's degree of satisfaction were “satisfaction as a nurse” and “consider nursing as lifelong job” (t＝-2.6, df＝13.22, p＝.02, t＝2.41, df＝23.85, p＝.02). 3. Factors related to the patient's degree of satisfaction. 1) General characteristics related to the patient's degree of satisfaction with nurses using the protocol were age, educational level, and being married.(F＝5.17, df＝3/153, p＝.00, t＝ -2.39, df＝154, p＝,01, f＝5.91, df＝2/153, p＝.00) 2) The variables previous hospitalization, duration of hospitalization, the hospital unit presence of a relative, medical insurance, or medical diagnosis were not related to the patient's degree of satisfaction. 1. The experimental group's nursing record was more detailed than the control group's record with regard to the physical and psychological state of the patients. As noted above, the experimental group nurses, who use a nursing diagnosis had protocol were less satisfied than the control group who used traditional methods of the recording, but experimental group patients had a higher degree of satisfaction than the control group patients. The nursing records of experimental group, using the nursing, diagnosis protocol was more detailed than that of the control group. If the nursing diagnosis protocol is used in clinical nursing practice, the quality of nursing care may be improved.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.370-378
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• 1995

This study is to seek methods for optimum management of foodservice system for elementary schools in Korea through surveying and analyzing the current status of the "common-management foodservice system" and certain important factors relating to its operations. For the survey of the current status of the "common-management foodservice system", questionnaires are prepared as against schools adopting "common-management system"("Common Schools") as well as schools adopting "conventional management system" ("Conventional Schools") in Kyungsangbookdo ("Kyungbook") area. The survey items are composed of general items, items concerning tasks of dietitians, items concerning purchasing activities and items concerning level of recognition and job-satisfaction of the dietitians. Total 46 dietitians from Common Schools and 65 dietitians from Conventional Schools in Kyungbook region responded the questionnaires. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Information Concerning Dietitians Average age of the dietitians: 26.6 yrs Ratio of two years or less of experiences as school dietitian: Dietitians from Common Schools: 59.1％ Dietitians from Conventional Schools: 50.8％ 2. Types of the Foodservice In both schools, rural type are prevalent; however, between urban types and islands types, the ratio of urban types are larger than the ratio of islands types in Conventional Schools, and the opposite is true in Common Schools. 3. Decision of Suppliers The ratio of dietitian＇s participaion in the decision making reaches only 38.3％, indicating the possibility of problems in quality control and hygienic aspects of the food supply. 4. Factor Analysis of the Foodservice Duties Food supply and general affairs administration work was carried out very well (4.2), while personnel management and operational improvement work (2.8), nutritional education work (2.3), and information related work were poorly carried out. No significant differences were found between the two types of the foodservice management systems. 5. Job Satisfaction scores of Dietitians Dietitians were more satisfied with the works (50.0), supervision (50.5) and co-workers (46.9) than pay (18.0) and promotion (22.3).

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.786-800
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to describe systemically 18 years of oncology nursing research in Korea and suggest it's direction in future. 149 nursing studies published from 1980 to 1998 were selected for the present study. There were examined the source and the design of study, type of subjects, measurement variables, the intervention outcome of experimental research, and theme of qualitative research. The results were as follows : 1. 121 of 149 studies were composed of master thesis and dissertation of graduate school. There were 55 correlations, 30 descriptions, 19 comparisons, 19 qualitative studies and 2 Q-methods as the type of research design. 2. Cancer patients without describing specified diagnosis as subjects' characteristic were 44 of total studies. The others had various diagnoses such as gastric cancer, uterine cancer, breast cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer. According to treatment type, patients receiving chemotherapy were the highest number distribution as 53 of all researches. 3. Most measurement instruments used for research were translated it into Korean that developed by foreigners, such as Zung's depression, Spielberg's anxiety, and Wallston's locus of control. 4. Quality of life was shown the most frequently among correlational researches. the next one was depression, the third was hope, and so on. 5. There was the most frequent comparison between cancer and non-cancer patients in comparative researches. It was surveyed those variables as diet habits, risk factors, stressful life events, anxiety and depression, and self-care capacity between two groups. 6. The subjects were mostly chemotherapy patients as 15 of 24 experimental studies. Oral care and education were respectively the highest experimental interventions. 7. Qualitative researches about cancer were reported since 1991. Their themes were illness experience, adaptation process, dying experience, family experience, hope, caring, experience of health behavior, meaning of chemotherapy and experience of cancer survivor. Phenomenologic methodology was designed above 50% of qualitative researches. According to the above findings, cancer research had increased since 1990 and done mostly by descriptive design but a few experimental studies. As recommendations for the future, It is necessary to study the comparison of oncology nursing research internationally, the replication to establish the effect of nursing intervention, and the family care of cancer patient.