Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2014.30.4.327

Control Measures for Air Pollutant Emissions from In-Use Light-Duty Diesel Vehicles Regarding their Emission Control Technologies  

Lee, Taewoo (Transportation Pollution Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Park, Hana (Transportation Pollution Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Park, Junhong (Transportation Pollution Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Jeon, Sangzin (Transportation Pollution Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Kim, Jeongsoo (Transportation Pollution Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Choi, Kwangho (Department of General Education, Nam Seoul University)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment / v.30, no.4, 2014 , pp. 327-338 More about this Journal
Abstract
The objective of this study is to enhance the effectiveness of Korean Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) program. Three main tasks are: to measure pollutant emissions of in-use light-duty diesel vehicles (LDVs); to evaluate the validity of existing smoke control scheme for low-smoke-emitting vehicles, which have diesel particulate filters, DPF, to meet stringent Euro-5 emission limits; and to assess the necessity and the benefit of $NO_x$ inspection, which is not involved in current I/M program. We measured second-by-second smoke, particulate and gaseous emissions of 27 LDVs using opacity smoke meter, photo-acoustic soot sensor, and portable emissions measurement system, respectively, under the Korean I/M test driving cycle, KD-147. We find that the DPF plays a key role in controlling soot, which can be considered as black carbon contained in particulate matter. Thus, from an I/M perspective, we believe smoke inspection strategies for Euro-5 diesel vehicles should be more focused on the capability of detecting DPF malfunctions or failures, in order to keep DPF properly functional. Fleet averaged distance-specific $NO_x$ emissions are consistently higher than corresponding emission limits, and the values are similar among pre-Euro-3, Euro-3, and Euro-4 vehicle fleets. These findings indicate that the $NO_x$ inspection should be incorporated into current I/M program in order to manage urban $NO_x$ emissions. This research allows the Korean I/M program keep pace with developments in vehicle technologies, as well as the increased emphasis on $NO_x$ with respect to air quality and human health.
Keywords
In-use vehicles; Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) Program; Light-duty diesel vehicles; Soot; $NO_x$; Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF);
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 5  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 NIER (National Institute of Environmental Research) (2012) An evaluation of real driving emissions for light duty vehicles using PEMS, 2012 Korean Auto-Oil Program Report. (in Korean with English abstract)
2 NIER (National Institute of Environmental Research) (2013a) National Air Pollutants Emission 2011, NIER-GP-2013-362, Publication No. 11-1480523-001770-01. (in Korean)
3 NIER (National Institute of Environmental Research) (2013b) Estimation of particulate mass emissions from diesel vehicles using inspection & maintenance results, NIER-RP-2013-284, Publication No. 11-1480523-001655-01. (in Korean with English abstract)
4 Ntziachristos, L., S. Amanatidis, Z. Samaras, K. Janka, and J. Tikkanen (2013) Application of the Pegasor Particle Sensor for the measurement of mass and particle number emissions, SAE Int. Journal Fuels Lubr., 6(2), 2013-01-1561.
5 Park, J., J. Lee, S. Kim, J. Kim, and K. Ahn (2013) A study on the emission characteristics of Korean light-duty vehicles in real-road driving conditions, Transactions of KSAE, 21(6), 123-134. (in Korean with English abstract)   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Sanchez, F.P., A. Bandivadekar, and J. German (2012) Estimated cost of emission reduction technologies for lightduty vehicles, Report prepared for ICCT (International Council on Clean Transportation).
7 Schindler, W., C. Haisch, H. Beck, R. Niessner, E. Jacob, and D. Rothe (2004) A photo-acoustic sensor system for time resolved quantification of diesel soot emissions. SAE International, Technical Papers 2004-01-0968.
8 Shah, S.D., D.R. Cocker III, J.W. Miller, and J.M. Norbeck (2004) Emission rates of particulate matter and elemental and organic carbon from in-use diesel engines, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 2544-2550.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Takada, Y., N. Takada, and N. Iida (2005) Transient $NO_x$ characteristics of freight vehicles with EGR system in real traffic conditions. SAE International, Technical Papers 2005-01-1619.
10 Tzamkiozis, T., L. Ntziachristos, and Z. Samaras (2010) Diesel passenger car PM emissions: From Euro 1 to Euro 4 with particle filter, Atmos. Environ., 44, 909-916.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Weiss, M., P. Bonnel, J. Kuhlwein, A. Provenza, U. Lambrecht, and S. Alessandrini (2012) Will Euro 6 reduce the NOx emissions of new diesel cars? - Insights from on-road tests with Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS), Atmos. Environ., 62, 657-665.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Weiss, M., P. Bonnel, R. Hummel, A. Provenza, and U. Manfredi (2011) On-road emissions of light-duty vehicles in Europe, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 8575-8581.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Carslaw, D.C., S.D. Beevers, J.E. Tate, E.J. Westmoreland, and M.L. Williams (2011) Recent evidence concerning higher $NO_x$ emissions from passenger cars and light duty vehicles, Atmos. Environ., 45, 7053-7063.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Cho, K. (2012) A study for strategic plans of Korean Inspection & Maintenance (I/M) program, Report prepared for Korean Ministry of Environment. (in Korean)
15 Bermudez, V., J.M. Lujan, B. Pla, and W.G. Linares (2011) Effects of low pressure exhaust gas recirculation on regulated and unregulated gaseous emissions during NEDC in a light-duty diesel engine, Energy, 36, 5655-5665.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Bertola, A. (2001) Characterization of diesel particulate emissions in heavy-duty DI-engines with common rail fuel injection: influence of injection parameters and fuel composition, SAE International, Technical Papers 2001-01-3573.
17 CITA (International Motor Vehicle Inspection Committee) (2011) A new roadworthiness emission test for diesel vehicles involving NO, $NO_2$ and PM measurements. Report prepared for DG-MOVE of European Commission.
18 Denis, M. and J. Lindner (2005) Review of light-duty diesel and heavy-duty diesel gasoline inspection programs, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 55, 1876-1884.   DOI
19 Durbin, T., K. Johnson, D. Cocker, J. Miller, H. Maldonado, A. Shah, C. Ensfield, C. Weaver, M. Akard, N. Harvey, J. Symon, T. Lanni, W. Bachalo, G. Payne, G. Smallwood, and M. Linke (2007) Evaluation and comparison of portable emissions measurement systems and federal reference methods for emissions from a backup generator and a diesel truck operated on a chassis dynamometer, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 6199-6204.   DOI   ScienceOn
20 JRC (European Joint Research Centre) (2013) A complementary emissions test for light-duty vehicles: Assessing the technical feasibility of candidate procedures, Joint Research Centre Scientific and policy report EUR 25572.
21 Giechaskiel, B., M. Maricq, L. Ntziachristos, C. Dardiotis, X. Wang, H. Axmann, A. Bergmann, and W. Schindler (2014) Review of motor vehicle particulate emissions sampling and measurement: From smoke and filter mass to particle number, J. Aerosol Sci., 67, 48-86.   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Johnson, T. (2000) Diesel emission control - Last 12 months in review. SAE International, Technical Papers 2000-01-2817.
23 Kai, R., T. Sekiya, M. Oagawa, K. Saiki, M. Matsubara, and H. Kurachi (2009) Thermal-mechanical durability of DOC and DPF after-treatment system for light heavy pickup truck application, SAE International, Technical Papers 2009-01-2707.
24 Lee, T., J. Keel, J. Park, Y. Park, J. Hong, and D. Lee (2011a) Speed-based emission factor regarding vehicle specific power and acceleration during on-Road driving, Transactions of KSAE, 19(1), 73-81. (in Korean with English abstract)   과학기술학회마을
25 Muitsuishi, S., K. Mori, N. Nishizawa, and S. Yamamoto (1999) Emission reduction technologies for turbocharged engines, SAE International, Technical Papers 1999-01-3629.
26 Lee, T., J. Keel, S. Jeon, J. Park, J. Lee, and J. Hong (2011b) Effect of payload on fuel consumption and emission of light duty freight truck during acceleration driving, Transactions of KSAE, 19(2), 133-141. (in Korean with English abstract)   과학기술학회마을
27 Lee, T., J. Kim, J. Park, S. Jeon, J. Lee, and J. Kim (2014) Influence of driving routes and seasonal conditions to real-driving NOx emissions from light diesel vehicles, Transactions of KSAE, 22(1), 148-156. (in Korean with English abstract)   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Lee, T., J. Lee, and J. Kim (2012) Evaluation of on-road $NO_x$ emission from a light duty diesel vehicle using a portable emissions measurement system, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 28(1), 94-104. (in Korean with English abstract)   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Lee, T., J. Park, S. Kwon, J. Lee, and J. Kim (2013) Variability in operation-based $NO_x$ emission factors with different test routes, and its effects on the real-driving emissions of light diesel vehicles, Sci. Tot. Environ., 461-462, 377-385.   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Maricq, M.M. (2007) Chemical characterization of particulate emissions from diesel engines: A review, J. Aerosol Sci., 38, 1079-1118.   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Nakamura, H., M. Akard, S. Porter, and I. Khalek (2007) Performance test results of a new on board gaseous emission measurement system confirmed with CFR Part 1065, SAE International, Technical Papers 2007-01-1326.
32 Millo, F., P.F. Giacominetto, and M.G. Bernardi (2012) Analysis of different exhaust gas recirculation architectures for passenger car diesel engines, Applied Energy, 98, 79-91.   DOI   ScienceOn