• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.212-215
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• 2008

The effect of gamma irradiation on the Hunter color values, microbiological quality, and sensory attributes of frozen ground beef, pork, and chicken was investigated. Fresh meat samples were purchased from local markets, packed and frozen in polyethylene bags, and irradiated at 5 kGy. The Hunter's L-values (lightness) were not significantly different in all the meat samples after irradiation, but the a-values (redness) were higher in the irradiated beef and pork than the non-irradiated ones. After 6 months of storage at $-6^{\circ}C$, the L-values increased in all the meat samples and the a-value in chicken was lower in the irradiated sample than that of the control. The microbial counts decreased in all the samples right after irradiation, but the coliforms and yeasts & molds increased by 1-2 log cycles after 6 months even under frozen state. The overall acceptability of the meat was not affected by irradiation. Panelists had a higher likeness for the increased redness in irradiated beef. In general, only the color changes in meat as a result of irradiation were found to be species-dependent.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.372-380
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• 2011

This study was conducted to assess meat quality and sensory properties of pork bellies from immunocastrated males (IC) compared to meat from surgically castrated males (SC), intact males (IM), and females (FE). Pork bellies from IC had significantly higher pH values than meat from either SC or FE. Pork bellies from IC showed lower CIE $L^*$ values than those from SC, but were redder (higher CIE $a^*$ values) than meat from SC or FE. However, no differences in visual color were observed between pork bellies from IC and SC pigs using National Pork Producer Council scales. Water holding capacity was higher in SC and FE than that in IC. IC showed no significant difference in cooking loss and shear force values compared with those of SC. Both SC and IC had improved fat content when compared to that in IM, and IC meat showed a similar fat content to that of FE. Pork bellies from IC showed higher ratings for all visual evaluation traits than those of SC and were the same as meat from FE. Boar odor was not significantly different among the treatments. IC was rated similar to SC for taste, tenderness, and overall acceptability.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.128-137
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• 2004

Chlorella 추출물을 첨가한 드링크 타입 요구르트를 개발하기 위하여 chlorella추출물 분말 0.25%를 첨가하여 발효시킨 후 chlorella 추출물 액상을 농도별 (2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 10.0%)로 첨가하여 제조한 드링크 타입 요구르트의 저장성과 관능적 특성을 조사하였다. Chlorella 추출물 액상 첨가 드링크 타입 요구르트를 무침가구와 함께 4$^{\circ}C$와 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 15일 동안 저장한 결과, 4$^{\circ}C$에서 pH는 pH 4.13-4.27, 적정산도는 0.66-0.75%이었고, 2$0^{\circ}C$에서는 pH는 3.53 -3.56, 적정산도는 1.30-l.37%으로 chlorella 추출물 액상 무첨가구에 비하여 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 그러나 4$^{\circ}C$에서 저장하는 동안 chlorella 추출물 액상 첨가구의 pH와 적정산도는 크게 변화하지 않았으나, 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 저장하는 동안에는 젖산의 생성량이 크게 증가하여 매우 높은 산도를 나타내었다. 그리고 유산균수의 경우 4$^{\circ}C$에서는 chlorella 추출물 액상 첨가구는 8.42-8.89 log CFU/$m\ell$, 무첨가구는 8.62 log CFU/$m\ell$이었고, 2$0^{\circ}C$에서는 chlorella 추출물 액상 첨가구는 9.15-9.45 log CFU/$m\ell$, 무첨가구는 9.26 log CFU/$m\ell$이었다. 각 온도에서 chlorella 추출물 액상을 첨가한 드링크 타입 요구르트는 저장 기간 동안 chlorella 추출물 액상 무첨가구와 큰 차이 없이 유사한 균수를 유지하였으나, 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 저장하였을 때에는 4$^{\circ}C$에서 저장한 경우보다 높은 유산균수를 보였다. 그러나 chlorella 추출물 액상을 첨가한 실험구나 무첨가 대조구의 경우 저장 온도에 상관없이 15일까지 법적 유산균수(8.0 log CFU/$m\ell$ 이상)를 모두 충족하는 것으로 나타났다. 관능검사 결과 chlorella 추출물 액상 무첨가구가 색, chlorella 맛, 후미, 전체적인 기호도에 있어서 유의적인 차이를 보이며 가장 높은 평가를 받았으며, chlorella 향, 단맛, 신맛에 있어서도 비교적 우수한 평가를 받아 관능적으로 높은 기호도를 나타내었고 올리고당의 첨가량은 20% 첨가시 후미와 전체적인 기호도에서 가장 좋게 평가되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.367-372
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• 2008

본 연구는 발효정도가 다른 가루녹차 첨가가 유과의 저장 중 품질특성에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 불발효차(부초차, 옥로차), 반발효차(오룡차), 발효차(홍차)를 첨가하여 유과를 제조하였다. 제조된 유과샘플들은 수분, 조지방 함량 측정, 조직감 분석, TBA 측정, 관능평가에 사용하였다. 수분 및 조지방 함량에 있어 각각의 실험구들간의 유의적인 차이는 없었으며 조직감 역시 실험구들간의 유의적 차이는 없었다. 또한 가루녹차가 첨가된 모든 실험구들에서 저장기간 동안 TBA 값의 증가가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 낮게 나타났으며, 특히 불발효차의 항산화 효과가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 종합적인 관능적 수용도에 있어 불발효차가 반발효차와 발효차보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 불발효차 첨가가 유과 제조 시 품질 및 저장성 향상에 기여할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.707-713
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• 2017

Saccharina japonica is a type of seaweed rich in dietary fiber, iodine, calcium, and selenium. We investigated the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of gruel made with S. japonica powder, and identified the best ratio of powder to gruel to maximize its health effects. The gruel was prepared with rice, glutinous rice, GABA (${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid)-enriched sea tangle fermented in lactic acid (0.3%), and various amounts (0-10% gruel volume) of S. japonica powder. The pH, color, viscosity, spreadability, antioxidant activities, and sensory evaluation of the gruel were investigated. Spreadability and pH decreased, whereas viscosity and antioxidant activities increased, with increasing powder content. In addition, color lightness decreased significantly, whereas redness and yellowness increased. In sensory tests, color, aroma, and texture were rated highest for gruel with 5% powder. On the other hand, flavor and overall acceptability were considered optimal in gruel with 7% powder.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.96-100
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• 2001

Mixtures prepared from whole milk with added skin milk powder(2.5%, w/v) and Angelica keiskei juice (1.5%, w/v) were fermented with lactic acid bacteria (single and mixed culture of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Strpetococcus thermophilus) for 24 hours. The fermented mixtures (curd yogurt) were evaluated for acid production (pH and titratable acidity), cell numbers, viscosity, sensory property and keeping quality. Results indicated that the addition of Angelica keiskei stimulated the acid production by lactic acid bacteria. The number of viable cells reached 4.5~7.3$\times$10$^{9}$ CFU/mL for Angelica keiskei-added yogurts, while 3.3~5.1$\times$10$^{9}$ CFU/mL for control yogurts. Viscosity of Angelica keiskei-added yogurts was higher (3,609~3,854 centipoises) than that of control yogurts(3,346~3,700 centipoises). Of the microorganism tested, mixed culture of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus was most effective in acid production. The overall sensory score showed that Angelica keiskei yogurt fermented with Streptococcus thermophilus was evaluated as good as control yogurt. When yogurts were stored at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 12 days, pH, titratable acidity and viable cells of lactic acid bacteria were not significantly changed(p<0.05).

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2010

Sulgidduk samples containing 1, 2, and 4% Adenophora remotiflora powder and a control were examined for moisture content, gelatinization property, color, textural characteristics, and sensory qualities to determine the optimal ratio of Adenophora remotiflora powder in the formulation. The highest viscosity, lowest viscosity, final viscosity, setback and breakdown decreased as the contents of Adenophora remotiflora powder increased in the gelatinization property of flour blends of rice cake made with Adenophora remotiflora powder. The water content of rice cake with Adenophora remotiflora powder was 40.54~41.30% and there was no significant difference between samples with Adenophora remotiflora powder. L values indicating brightness were highest in the control group and all of the a values displayed green color indicating that they were negative. The b values were lowest in the control group and the values increased as the level of Adenophora remotiflora powder increased. Evaluation of the mechanical characteristics of rice cake with Adenophora remotiflora powder, hardness, cohesion, adhesion and chewiness were all higher in the control group and as its contents were rich, such properties were reduced. In addition, there was no significant difference between adhesion and chewiness. Adhesion and elasticity were low in the control group and as its contents were rich, such properties increased. The results of the sensory test revealed that the, control group containing 1% Adenophora remotiflora powder had the highest color, flavor, taste and overall preference.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.1753-1761
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• 2013

The individual and interactive effects of Schisandra chinensis powder (SCP) and sodium nitrite additions on color, pH, water holding capacity, residual nitrite, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), volatile basic nitrogen, texture properties, fatty acids, amino acids and sensory evaluation of cooked pork sausages were investigated after 20 d of storage at $4^{\circ}C$. The powders (0, 0.5 and 1.0%) were added to sausages either alone or in combination with nitrite (0 and 100 ppm). SCP added-sausages showed lower $L^*$ (lightness) and W (whiteness) values, and higher $b^*$ (yellowness) values than sausage containing no nitrite, and exhibited the highest $a^*$ values at a 0.5% addition (p<0.05). Residual nitrite and TBARS values were found to be significantly reduced as the addition levels of SCP increased (p<0.05). As the addition of SCP increased, the sausage showed gradually decreased brittleness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness, while adhesiveness increased. Polyunsaturated fatty acid, n-6 and n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio concentrations were significantly higher in sausages containing SCP (p<0.05). The addition of SCP to sausage significantly (p<0.05) increased the ammonia content (by 0.5% SCP) and aromatic amino acid concentrations (by 1.0% SCP) (p<0.05). Inclusion of SCP in sausage meat resulted in a significant deterioration in quality characteristics of flavor, springiness, juiciness and overall acceptability (p<0.05). As expected, the observed changes in $a^*$, W, pH, shear force, texture property, TBARS, fatty acid, amino acid and sensory score of sausages, depended on the rate of addition of nitrite (p<0.05). These results suggest that SCP addition is not an effective way of improving the sensory evaluation of sausages, but may beneficially affect TBARS, nitrite scavenging activity, fatty acid and amino acid content in pork sausages.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.626-631
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• 2007

Pre-rigor bovine sternomandibularis muscles were frozen at 3 hr postmortem thawed at various temperatures (18, 2, and $-2^{\circ}C$), and then meat quality and sensory properties were compared with those in chilled muscle (control). The meat thawed at $18^{\circ}C$ had lower ultimate pH, water holding capacity, and sensory scores and higher muscle shortening, thaw drip loss, and shear values than those of the other samples. The samples thawed at $-2^{\circ}C$ had significantly lower muscle shortening and higher sensory scores in tenderness and juiciness than those thawed at 18 and $2^{\circ}C$. Muscle shortening, pH, WHC, shear values, and sensory properties were not significantly different between control and sample thawed at $-2^{\circ}C$. By holding at $-2^{\circ}C$, thaw shortening was prevented and tender meat comparable to the chilled meat was obtained. These results indicate that thaw shortening can be largely eliminated if the frozen pre-rigor muscle is thawed at $-2^{\circ}C$.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.872-878
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• 2011

The quality properties of Gouda cheese supplemented with Korean traditional Yakju (Acanthopanax senticosus or Pueraria thunbergiana wines) were investigated. Yakju was added in the process of Gouda cheese preparation, and proximate composition, lactic acid bacterial population, pH, water-soluble nitrogen, sensory characteristics and proteolysis were determined. The electrophoretic patterns of cheese proteins, the target functional components and thiobarbituric acid values of the cheeses also were analyzed. The sensory characteristics including appearance of the cheeses were not affected by supplementing Yakju. Significantly higher amounts of crude ash, minerals and polyphenols were observed in the cheese supplemented with Yakju compared to the control cheese. The results suggest that the Gouda cheese prepared with Yankju has functional and additional nutrient values without changing cheese characteristics.