• 영재교육연구
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.543-559
• /
• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 현재 우리나라에서 실시되고 있는 영재교육 담당교사를 위한 연수 프로그램이 어떤 내용으로 구성되어 있는지 분석하고 연수 프로그램이 영재교육 담당교사의 자질을 충분히 반영하는지 알아보는 데 있다. 이를 위하여 각 지역 교육청, 대학 부설 연수원과 원격연수원에서 실시하고 있는 영재교육 관련 20개의 연수 프로그램을 분석 대상으로 하였다. 분석을 위해 영재교육 담당교사의 자질에 관한 프레임을 선정하였고, 이 자료를 토대로 연수 프로그램을 강의별로 코딩하여 정제한 뒤 분류 작업을 거쳐 언어네트워크 분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과 교사 연수 프로그램은 '교육과정', '교수법', '교육과정 개발'에 중점을 두어 운영되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이것은 교사의 전문적 자질을 중심으로 구성되어있음을 의미한다. 이는 많은 교사연수프로그램이 정의적 자질보다 전문성 및 교수능력 자질과 관련된 내용을 다루고 있다는 것을 보여준다. 그러므로 연수 프로그램을 다양하고 균형 있게 재편할 필요가 있다. 더욱이 교사의 자질을 균등하게 개선하기 위하여 체계적인 연수 프로그램이 요구된다.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제67권11호
• /
• pp.1477-1485
• /
• 2018

There are two major issues for activated sludge process in sewage treatment plant. One is how to make sewage be more clean and the other is the energy saving in sewage treatment process. The major monitoring sewage qualities are chemical oxygen demand, phosphorus, nitrogen, suspended solid in effluent. These are transmitted to the national TMS(Telemetry Monitoring System) at every hour. If these exceed the environmental standard, the environmental charges imposed. So, these water qualities are to be controlled below the environmental standard in operation of sewage treatment plant. And recently, the energy saving is also important in process operation. Over 50% energy is consumed in blowers and motors for injection oxygen into aeration tank. So, with the water qualities to be controlled below the environmental standard, the energy saving also is to be accomplished for efficient plant management. Almost researches are aimed to control water quality without considering energy saving. AI techniques have been used for control water quality. AI modeling simulator provided the optimal control inputs(blower speed, waste sludge, return sludge) for control water quality. Blower speed is the main control input for activated sludge process. To make sewage be more clean, the excessive blower speed is supplied, but water quality is not better than the previous. In results, non necessary energy is consumed. In this paper we propose a new method that the energy saving also is to be accomplished with the water qualities to be controlled below the environmental standard for efficient plant management. Water qualities in only aeration tank are used the inputs of fuzzy models. Outputs of these models are chemical oxygen demand, phosphorus, nitrogen, suspended solid in effluent and have the environmental standards. In test, we found this method could save 10% energy than the previous methods.

• 디자인학연구
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.93-102
• /
• 2002

거듭 발전해온 여러 분야의 기술들은 공간과 물건들 그리고 우리들의 상호관계에 더욱 더 많은 영향을 주고 있다. 그러나, 그럼에도 불구하고 그 기술들로 이루어진 제품과 서비스를 이용하는 방법에는 한계성을 가지고 있다. 즉 아날로그의 우리의 생활환경과 디지털 정보환경의 존재 적 상이성으로 제품과 그 서비스의 사용성의 소통은 원활하지 못하고 있다. 예를 들어 ON과 OFF는 마치 BLACK과 WHITE처럼 표현되어 우리가 일상적으로 생활하는 아날로그 환경과는 달라 불편함을 느낄 때도 있다. 이 시점에서 디지털 정보환경의 사용성을 아날로그 적인 요소 (HUMAN QUALITY)를 가진 입력장치(INPUT DEVICE)의 개발과 제안은 의미가 있다. 이 연구의 궁극적인 목적은 제품과 그 제품이 가지는 서비스의 가치를 사용성을 중심으로 개선하고 제안하고자 함이다. 예를 들어 제품의 가치를 소통할 수 있는 방법은 그 기능에 접근성을 가진 SWITCH라고 할 수 있는데, 그 디지털 적 행위의 소통성으로 가진 스위치들은 제품의 기능과 서비스를 이해하기에 상당한 한계성을 가진다. 그래서 본 연구는 제품의 특성과 환경에 맞는 아날로그 입력장치를 개발하고 제안하고자한다. 시간, 패턴, 자유, 리듬 등을 ON과 OFF사이에 설정함으로서 존재하지만 볼 수 없었던 제품과 그 서비스의 가치를 찾아 좀더 자연스럽고 따뜻한 HUMAN QUALITY를 가진 제품을 만들고자 함이다. 단순히 ON, OFF가 아닌........

• 지역사회간호학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.163-172
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between cultural competency and the importance of nurses' qualities perceived by undergraduate nursing students. Methods: Researchers developed two tools for this study after reviewing the related literature and conducting research team workshops: questionnaire of cultural competency and the importance of nurses' qualities. 200 nursing students were recruited in convenient sampling to respond to these questionnaires. Of nurses' 10 qualities, major affecting factors on the cultural competency were identified by stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results: The nursing students perceived technical nursing skills and professional nursing knowledge as nurses' most important qualities. However, 'having a passion for patient care', 'demonstrating strong nursing profession's code of ethics' and 'teaching and research ability' were found as significant influencing factors on the variance of the cultural competency. These three factors explained 16% of the total variances of the cultural competency (F=13.98, p<.001). Conclusion: The educational strategies to improve cultural nursing competency need to incorporate students' expectations for the professional nurses' roles. Also, further studies need to develop reliable and valid measurement tools for cultural competency.

• 대한간호
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.46-53
• /
• 1991

In the past, management had been done over nurses rather than nursing and this brought the existence of general manager and as a result, nurse-manager's position and role are being threatend. For the up-bringing of nursing to firm professional recognition in the 21st century, it is firmly believed that nursing managers are to be in the position to play the role of general manager with professional qualifications; personal qualities and exact understandings on the role and function of each tier group under her/his management. 124 top(3 nursing superintendents), middle-range(23 supervisors) and unit managers(98 head-nurses) from 3 university hospitals in Seoul were interviewed in order to investigate their belief in the role, professional qualifications, personal qualities as well as the strategy for the development of their leadership qualities. The frame of reference for the interview were developed by the researcher in reference to relevant literatures. It was the common belief that qualifications o[ top-managers and mid-managers require an educational background of master's preparation or higher and clinical career for at least 15 years for top-managers and 5 -10 years for mid-managers. The personal qualities required by nurse managers include; leadership, initiative, judgement, self-confidence, flexibility, open-mindedness and strong motivation. Achievment-orientedness would greatly help them become excellent managers. On the other hand, [or more effective management, managers of each teir group are to fully understand their role and perform "their job responsibilities ie. Top managers are supposed to study with emphasis on organization, function and conceptual s~ill while mid-managers concentrate their effort on the development of skills for direction, guidance and human relationship. Unit managers also supposed to have abilities to manage their function with emphasis on development of clinical performance skill, for direction on operative aspects. The strategies for the development of leadership qualities include program-planning at individual instutional level as well as local, national and international level. Nurse-managers are to be motivated and encouraged to participate in the programs in order to effectively communicate within tier groups.oups.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.296-301
• /
• 2012

Purpose: Combustion and fuel qualities of the animal-fats biodiesel as a heating fuel for agricultural hot air heater were studied. Methods: Biodiesel (BD) was made from animal-fats by reacting with methanol and potassium hydroxide in the laboratory. The biodiesel made in the laboratory was tested for fuel and combustion qualities. Results: The kinematic viscosity and the calorific values of the biodiesels were measured. Kerosene based biodiesel, BD20 (K) showed 18 cSt at $-20^{\circ}C$. It seemed that BD100 was not suitable for a heating fuel under some temperature. As BD content increased, the calorific value decreased up to 40,000 J/g for BD100, while the calorific value of light oil was 45,567 J/g showing difference of 5,567 J/g, about 12% difference. Several different fuels including BD20 (biodiesel 20% + light oil 80%), BD50 (biodiesel 50% + light oil 50%), BD100 (biodiesel 100%), and light oil were tested for fuel combustion qualities for agricultural hot air heater, and their combustion performances were compared and analyzed. Flame dimensions of biodiesels and light oils were almost the same shape at the same combustion condition. Generally, the $CO_2$ amounts of BDs were greater than light oil. However, in this study the differences were minor, so there was no significant difference existed between the BDs combustion and light oil. Conclusions: It seemed that quality was good for heating oil for agricultural hot air heater because of showing no barriers for continuous combustion and proper exhaust gas temperature and $CO_2$ amount discharged. But, for fuel fluidity for higher BD content fuel could be a detrimental problem in situations where the outdoor temperature is lowered. As BD content increased, calorific value decreased up to 40,000 J/g for BD100. Calorific value difference between BD20 and light oil was about 1,360 J/g.

• 보건행정학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.39-66
• /
• 2008

This study examines organizational qualities such as vision, mission, teamwork, fairness, and empowerment and their effects on organizational members. As a result of analysis, these qualities are identified to affect member satisfaction, but not to affect job involvement. Member satisfaction affects job satisfaction, and this relationship retains indirect influence through an increase in member satisfaction. Further, improved member satisfaction and job involvement are found to affect organizational commitment. These results are derived from complete enumeration on members of an organization where particular traits such as member position, job classification, and the privity of contract are intermixed. In case where research is conducted on the aforementioned traits separately, different results would be anticipated depending on each trait. The implications of this study are as follows. First, clear-cut organizational vision and mission established by the top management of an organization prevent confusion amongst its members, and thus have the highest level of effect on member satisfaction. Second, teamwork in reference to the. relationship amongst team members of a work group and goal awareness improves member satisfaction. Third, autonomy for job performance and related empowerment improve member satisfaction. Last, fairness in wages and promotion affects member satisfaction. Therefore, internal qualities of an organization perceived by its members have a higher degree of influence over external qualities including compensation and promotion on the members. In addition, these internal qualities indirectly affect job involvement through an increase in member satisfaction, and, in turn, member satisfaction and job involvement affect organizational commitment of the members. In case of member satisfaction, not only does it affect organizational commitment of the members of an organization directly, but also affects organizational commitment indirectly through job involvement. This study is conducted with only one hospital in consideration, and thus its findings may not be generalized for every medical organization. However, this study retains distinct attributes of complete. enumeration, and the precedence of each variable is closely investigated.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제46권3호
• /
• pp.161-171
• /
• 2022

Background: Epilobium hirsutum L. is designated as an endangered plant in South Korea located in Asia, due to the destruction of its habitats through the development of wetlands. Therefore, in this study, in order to find a light condition suitable for the growth and ecophysiological responses of Epilobium hirsutum L., those of this plant under treatment with various light qualities in a smart farm were measured. Results: In order to examine the changes in the physiological and growth responses of Epilobium hirsutum L. according to the light qualities, the treatment with light qualities of the smart farm was carried out using the red light: blue light irradiation time ratios of 1:1, 1:1/2, and 1:1/5 and a red light: blue light: white light irradiation time ratio of 1:1:1. As a result, the ecophysiological responses (difference between leaf temperature and atmospheric temperature, transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO₂ partial pressure, photosynthetic quantum efficiency) to light qualities appeared differently according to the treatments with light qualities. The increase in the blue light ratio increased the difference between the leaf temperature and the atmospheric temperature and the photosynthetic quantum efficiency and decreased the transpiration rate and the intercellular CO₂ partial pressure. On the other hand, the white light treatment increased the transpiration rate and intercellular CO₂ partial pressure and decreased the temperature difference between the leaf temperature and the ambient temperature and photosynthetic quantum efficiency. Conclusions: The light condition suitable for the propagation by the stolons, which are the propagules of Epilobium hirsutum L., in the smart farm, is red, blue and white mixed light with high net photosynthetic rates and low difference between leaf temperature and atmospheric temperature.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제49권4호
• /
• pp.176-179
• /
• 2006

Electron beam irradiation was applied to examine the microbial growth and qualities of vacuum-packaged Astragalus membranaceus, a Korean medicinal herb. Samples were irradiated at dose of 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 kGy, respectively. Microbiological data on A. membranaceus showed that populations of total bacteria, yeast and mold, total coliforms were significantly reduced with increase of irradiation dose. Populations of microorganisms in A. membranaceus were decreased by 2-3 log cycles at 8 kGy irradiation. Color measurements showed that electron beam treatment caused negligible changes in Hunter color L, a, and b values of A. membranaceus. Sensory evaluations showed that there were no significant changes among the samples. These results suggest that electron beam irradiated A. membranaceus have better microbial safety and qualities, compared with the non-irradiated control.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.229-232
• /
• 2003

Recently, it is increased on the concern for the reuse of waste concrete because of the shortage of natural aggregate and the increase of waste concrete. And recycled coarse aggregate is used variously, but the existing wet method producted recycled fine aggregate has problems like the high price facilities, the long time progress of the work and recycled fine aggregate of poor. The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of the method of dry producted high qualities recycled fine aggregate. The results of this study have shown that the possibility of the method of dry is certificated as the qualities of recycled fine aggregate satisfied the KS and the compressive strength of mortar was similar to plain.