Health Policy and Management (보건행정학회지)

Korean Academy of Health Policy and Management (한국보건행정학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on Organizational Loyalty of Hospital Employees; Focusing on Overall Members at a University Medical Center in Seoul Metropolitan Area

병원 구성원의 조직 충성도에 관한 연구 - 서울의 한 대학병원 전체구성원을 중심으로 -

  • Kim, Yang-Kyun (Dept. of Health Services Management, College of Business Administration, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Cho, Chul-Ho (Dept. of Hospital Management, Daegu Haany University)
  • 김양균 (경희대학교 경영대학 의료경영학) ;
  • 조철호 (대구한의대학교 의료경영학)
  • Published : 2008.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study examines organizational qualities such as vision, mission, teamwork, fairness, and empowerment and their effects on organizational members. As a result of analysis, these qualities are identified to affect member satisfaction, but not to affect job involvement. Member satisfaction affects job satisfaction, and this relationship retains indirect influence through an increase in member satisfaction. Further, improved member satisfaction and job involvement are found to affect organizational commitment. These results are derived from complete enumeration on members of an organization where particular traits such as member position, job classification, and the privity of contract are intermixed. In case where research is conducted on the aforementioned traits separately, different results would be anticipated depending on each trait. The implications of this study are as follows. First, clear-cut organizational vision and mission established by the top management of an organization prevent confusion amongst its members, and thus have the highest level of effect on member satisfaction. Second, teamwork in reference to the. relationship amongst team members of a work group and goal awareness improves member satisfaction. Third, autonomy for job performance and related empowerment improve member satisfaction. Last, fairness in wages and promotion affects member satisfaction. Therefore, internal qualities of an organization perceived by its members have a higher degree of influence over external qualities including compensation and promotion on the members. In addition, these internal qualities indirectly affect job involvement through an increase in member satisfaction, and, in turn, member satisfaction and job involvement affect organizational commitment of the members. In case of member satisfaction, not only does it affect organizational commitment of the members of an organization directly, but also affects organizational commitment indirectly through job involvement. This study is conducted with only one hospital in consideration, and thus its findings may not be generalized for every medical organization. However, this study retains distinct attributes of complete. enumeration, and the precedence of each variable is closely investigated.

Keywords

References

  1. 강병서, 조철호. SPSS와 AMOS활용 연구조사방법론. 무역경영사 2005
  2. 강병서. 인과분석을 위한 연구 방법론. 무역경영사 2002
  3. 강병서. 신경영론. 무역경영사. 서울 2004
  4. 김성구. 경영혁신 임파워먼트. 고려원 1995
  5. 김양균, 최문실, 정기택, 김영훈. 치과위생사의 임파워먼트와 직무몰입, 조직몰입과의 관계에 관한 연구. 병원경영학회지. 2003; 8(4): 76-110
  6. 박미현, 조우현, 서영준, 이선희. 종합병원 질향상 사업 담당자의 직무만족과 조직몰입에 관한 연구. 한국의료QA 학회지. 1998; 5(2): 278-294
  7. 박원우. 임파워먼트: 개념정립 및 실천방법 모색. 1997; 26(1): 115-38
  8. 박재산. 병원 행정인력이 인지하는 조직.직무특성, 임파워먼트, 직무만족 및 조직몰입간의 관련성. 보건행정학회지, 2004; 14(1): 65-88
  9. 배성현. 직무특성요인과 직무몰입 및 조직몰입과의 관계. 산경연구. 영남대학교 산업연구소 2001; 9: 101-127
  10. 석기현. 항공사 중간관리자의 리더십이 종업원의 심리적 임파워먼트, 직무만족, 그리고 조직몰입에 미치는 영향. 호텔관광연구. 2003; 5(3): 118-138
  11. 양길모. 간호사의 임파워먼트, 업무관련 개인적 특성, 업무성과관계. 간호행정학회지. 1995;5(1): 39-61
  12. 이지우, 김종우, 김일천. 심리적 임파워먼트와 조직지원이 종합병원 직원들의 혁신적 업무행동에 미치는 영향. 보건행정학회지. 2003; 13(1): 46-68
  13. 이지우. 직무특성과 종업원태도 사이의 관계에 대한 직무몰입의 매개역할. 인사조직연구. 1997;5(1): 87-122
  14. 정우철. 조직문화유형에 따른 종업원의 QWL과 조직유효성에 대한 실증연구. 상지대학교 경영대학원 석사학위논문 1995
  15. 조희숙. 이선희, 조우현, 전기홍, 문옥륜. 종합병원에서 조직문화와 조직유효성과의 관계. 예방의학회지. 1999; 32(3): 374-382
  16. Baker, Thomas L. and Taylor, Steven A. An Assessment of the relationship between Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction in the Formation of Consumers Purchase Intentions. Journal of Retailing. 1994; 70(2): 163-178 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4359(94)90013-2
  17. Baldridge National Quality Program. In; Criteria for Performance Excellence. Department of Commerce. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Technology Administration. Gaitherberg, MD, USA 2005
  18. Bass B. From Transactional to Transformational Leadership: Learning to share the vision. Organizational Dynamics 1990; 18(3): 19-31 https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(90)90061-S
  19. Bass BM, Avolio B.J. Transformational Leadership; A response to critiques. in Chemers MM and Ayman R(eds), Leadership theory and research: Perspectives and Directions, Academic Press, San Diego, CA 1993
  20. Bass BM. Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York. Free Press 1985
  21. Bennis W, Nanus B. Leaders: The Strategies for taking Charge. Harper & Row, New York, NY 1985
  22. Bennis W. On Becoming a Leader. Addison-Wesley, Reading. MA 1989
  23. Bentler, P. M. The Interdependence of Theory, Methodology and Empirical Data: Causal Modeling as an Approach to Construct Validation. In James C. Anderson and David W. Gerbing, Psychological Bulletin(1988) 1978; 103(3): 411-423 https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411
  24. Bhuian SN, Al-Shammari ES, Jefri OA. Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction and Job Characteristics: an Empirical Study of Expatriates in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Commerce & Management 1996; 6(3): 57 https://doi.org/10.1108/eb047336
  25. Blau P. 1964. Exchange and power in social life. New York: John Wiley
  26. Brooke PP, Russell DW, Price JL. Discriminant validation of measures of job satisfaction, job involvement and organizational commitment. Journal of Applied Psychology 1988; 73: 139-45 https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.73.2.139
  27. Campbell DT, Fiske DW. Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multime 쇙 matrix. Psychological Bulletin 1959; 56:81-105 https://doi.org/10.1037/h0046016
  28. Churchill, G. A. A Paradigm for Developing Better Measures of Marketing Construct. Journal of Marketing Research 1979; 16(February): 64-73 https://doi.org/10.2307/3150876
  29. Cohen A. The Relationship between Commitment Forms and Work Outcomes: A Comparison of Three Models. Human Relations 2000; 53(3): 387-417 https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726700533005
  30. Collins JC, Porras JI. Organizational Vision and Visionary Organizations. California Management Review 1991; 34(1): 30-52 https://doi.org/10.2307/41166682
  31. Cook J, Wall T. New work attitude measures of trust, organizational commitment and personal need non-fulfillment. Journal of Occupational Psychology. 1980; 53: 39-52 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1980.tb00005.x
  32. Cramer D. Job satisfaction and organizational continuance commitment a two-wave panel study. Journal of Organizational Behavior 1996; 17: 389-400 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199607)17:4<389::AID-JOB755>3.0.CO;2-2
  33. Cronin, J. J and Taylor, S. A. A Measuring Service Quality: A Reexamination and Extension. Journal of Marketing 1992; 56(3): 56-68
  34. Deal T, Kennedy A. A corporate culture. Addison Wesley, Reading, MA 1982
  35. Dent EB. The messy history of OB&D: How three strands came to be seen as one rope. Management Decision 2002; 40(3): 266-280 https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740210420228
  36. Dossett, DL, Suszko, M. Re-examining the causal direction between job satisfaction and organizational commitment. paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Miami, FL. 1990
  37. Eisenberger R, Fasolo P, Davis-LaMastro V. Perceived organizational support and employee diligence, commitment and innovation. Journal of Applied Psychology 1990; 75:51-9 https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.75.1.51
  38. Fulford MD, Enz CA. The impact of empowerment on service employees. Journal of Managerial Issues 1995; 7: 161-175
  39. Grant P. Physician Job Satisfaction in New Zealand versus the United Kingdom. Journal of the New Zealand Medical Association 117(1204) 2004
  40. Haas HG. The Leader within. Harper Business. New York, NY 1992
  41. Hair JF, Anderson RE, Tatham RL, Black WC. Multivariate Data Analysis with Reading, Prentice Hall 1995
  42. Harrison R. Understanding your organization's character. harvard Business Review 1972; May/June: 22-32
  43. Herzberg F. Mausner B., Snyderman B. The Motivation to Work. New York, Wiley International Edition. 1959
  44. Hinkin TR, Tracey JB. Transformational Leadership in the hospitality industry. Hospitality Research Journal 1994; 18(1): 49-63 https://doi.org/10.1177/109634809401800105
  45. Hollander EP, Offerman LR. Power and leadership in organizations: Relationships in transition. American Psychologist 1990; 45: 179-89 https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.45.2.179
  46. Homburg C, Stock R. Der kundenorientierte mitarbeiter. Wiesbaden: Gabler 2000
  47. Howell JM, Frost PJ. A laboratory study of charismatic leadership. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 1989; 43(2): 243-69 https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(89)90052-6
  48. Joreskog, Karl G. and D ag Sorbom. Lisrel 8 User's Reference Guide. Scientific Software International 1993
  49. Jun M, Cai S, Shin H. TQM Practice in Maquiladora : Antecedents of Employee Satisfaction and Loyalty. Journal of Operations Management 2006; 24: 791-812 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2005.09.006
  50. Kantor RM. The change masters. New York: Simon & Schuster 1983
  51. Kanungo RN. Measurement of Job and Work Involvement. Journal of Applied Psychology 1982; 67: 341-9 https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.67.3.341
  52. Keller RT. Transformational Leadership and the performance of research and development project groups. Journal of management 1992; 18(3): 89-501
  53. Kirkpatrick SA, Locke EA. Direct and indirect effects of three core charismatic leadership components on performance and attitudes. Journal of applied Psychology 1996; 81(1):36-51 https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.81.1.36
  54. Koberg CS, Boss RW, Senjen JC, Goodman EA. Antecedents and outcomes of empowerment: Empirical evidence from the health care industry. Group & Organization Management 1999; 24: 71-91 https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601199241005
  55. Kouzes JM, Posner BZ. The Leadership Challenge, Jossey-Bass. San Francisco, CA 1987
  56. Kouzes JM, Posner BZ. The leadership challenge: How to get extraordinary things done in organizations. Jossey-Bass. San Francisco, CA 1988
  57. Kuokkanen L, Leino-kilpi H, Katajisto J. Nurse Empowerment, Job-related Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment. J Nurse Care Qual 2003; 18(3): 184-92 https://doi.org/10.1097/00001786-200307000-00004
  58. Lam T, Zhang HQ. Job satisfaction and organizational commitment in the Hong Kong fast food industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 2003; 15(4): 214-20 https://doi.org/10.1108/09596110310475667
  59. Lahiry S. Building commitment through organizational culture 1994. April: 50-2
  60. Larwood L, Falbe CM, Krieger MP and Miesing P. Structure and Meaning of Organizational Vision. Academy of Management Journal 1995; 38(3): 740-69 https://doi.org/10.2307/256744
  61. Larwood L, Krieger MP and Cecilia MF. Organizational Vision: An Investigation of the vision construct-in-use of AACSB Business School Deans. Group & Organization Management 1993; 38(2): 214-36
  62. Lee C. The vision thing. Training. 1993; 30(2): 25-34
  63. Locke EA. The nature and causes of job satisfaction. Handbook of industrial and organizational Sxychology, Chicago: Rand McNally 1976
  64. Lok P, Crawford J. The Relationship between commitment and Organizational Culture, Subculture, Leadership Style and Job Satisfaction in Organizational Change and Development. Leadership & Organization Development Journal 1999; 20(7): 365-73 https://doi.org/10.1108/01437739910302524
  65. Lowe G, Schellenberg G, Shannon H. Correlations of employees' perceptions of a healthy work environment. American Journal of Health Promotion 2003; 17(6): 390-399 https://doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-17.6.390
  66. Martensen A, Gronholdt L. Using Employee Satisfaction Measurement to Improve People Management: an Adaptation of Kano's Quality types. Total Quality Management 2001; 12(7): 949-57 https://doi.org/10.1080/09544120120096098
  67. Mathieu, J. E. A cross-level nonrecursive model of the antecedents of organizational commitment. Psychological Bulletin, 1991; 108: 171-194
  68. Matzler K, Renzl B. The Relationship between Interpersonal Trust, Employee Satisfaction, and Employee Loyalty. Total Quality Management 2006; 17(10): 1261-71 https://doi.org/10.1080/14783360600753653
  69. Morrow PC. The theory and measurement of work commitment. Greenwich, CT; JAI Press 1993
  70. Mowday RT, Steers RM. The Measurement of Organizational Commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior 1979; 14: 224-47 https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(79)90072-1
  71. Mueller C, McClosky J. Nurses' job satisfaction- a proposed measure. Nursing Research 1990; 39(2): 113-7
  72. Nannally JC. Psychometric Theory, New York: McGraw-Hill 1967
  73. Niehoff BP, Enz CA, Grover RA. The impact of top-management actions on employee attitudes and perceptions. Group and Organization Studies 1990; 15: 37-352
  74. Niehoff BP, Moorman RH, Blakely G, Fuller J. The Influence of Empowerment and job Enrichment on Employee Loyalty in an Downsizing Environment. Group & Organization management 2001; 26(1): 93-113 https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601101261006
  75. Olson DS, Lawson KA. Relationship between Hospitals Pharmacists' Job Satisfaction and Involvement in Clinical Activities. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 1996; 53: 284-4
  76. Oliver, Richard L. A Cognitive Model of Antecedents and Consequences of Satisfaction Decisions. Journal of Marketing Research. 1980; 17(Nov.): 460-469 https://doi.org/10.2307/3150499
  77. Pearson CA, Chong J. Contributions of Job Content and Social Information on Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction: an Exploration in a Malaysian Nursing Context. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 1997; 70: 357-74 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1997.tb00654.x
  78. Peregoy R. Consistency of purpose and vision. Journal for quality and participation 1994; 17(7): 46-50
  79. Schappe SP. The Influence of Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Fairness Perceptions on Organizational Citizenship Behavior. The Journal of Psychology 1998; 132(3): 277-90 https://doi.org/10.1080/00223989809599167
  80. Shore LM, Wayne SJ. Commitment and employee behavior: Comparison of affective and continuance commitment with perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology 1993; 78: 774-80 https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.78.5.774
  81. Testa MR. Satisfaction with Organizational Vision, Job Satisfaction and Service Efforts: an Empirical Investigation. Leadership & Organization Development Journal 1999; 20 (3): 154-161 https://doi.org/10.1108/01437739910268424
  82. Timmreck TC. Managing motivation and developing job satisfaction in the health care work environment. THe Health Care Manager 2001; 20(1): 42-58 https://doi.org/10.1097/00126450-200120010-00007
  83. Valadez JR, Anthony JS. Job satisfaction and commitment of two-year college part-time faculty. Community College Journal of Research and Practice 2001; 25: 97-108 https://doi.org/10.1080/10668920150218489
  84. Verdenberg, R. J., Scarpello, V. Multitrait-Multimethod validation of the satisfaction with my supervisor scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement 1991; 52: 203-21 https://doi.org/10.1177/001316449205200125
  85. Wayne SJ, Shore LM, Liden RC. Perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange perspective. Academy of Management Journal 1997; 40: 82-111 https://doi.org/10.2307/257021
  86. Wu V, Short PM. The relationship of empowerment to teacher job commitment and job satisfaction. Journal of Instructional Psychology 1996; 23: 85-89

Cited by

  1. The Moderation Effect of Organization Trust on the Relationship between Perceptions of Organizational Politics and Job Attitudes in Hospital Employees vol.23, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.4332/KJHPA.2013.23.3.244