• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.50-57
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• 2007

Spray characteristics of an injector in a small liquid rocket engine (LRE) is characterized by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Dual-mode Phase Doppler Anemometry (DPDA). Instantaneous plane images captured by PIV are examined for the qualitative prediction of spray breakup with the setup of evaluation technique for effect of spray angles on injector performance. DPDA is also applied in order to quantify the average velocity, turbulent intensity, SMD, and number density of spray droplets along the spray stream distance leading to precise observation of spray atomization behavior. An objective of the study is the derivation of design parameters of new injectors and the establishment of performance criteria through the clear understanding of spray characteristics.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 2021

In this study, the odor of the parts and the odor of the surrounding environment were classified and verified. In order to increase the reliability of odor quantitative/qualitative analysis, the selection criteria for 5 sensory evaluators were established, and the n-Butanol control solution for each odor intensity was periodically trained to recognize the odor intensity before sensory evaluation. In addition, although various odor thresholds have been used through several studies, verification of whether the odor intensity value obtained through GC/MSD analysis is similar to the degree to which a person directly smells and feels it. It is important to select the odor threshold that has the best correlation with the odor intensity calculated by the person smelling the odor. Finally, sampling and measuring flowing airflow and temporary odors such as odor component analysis was experimentally difficult due to limited collection space and differences in concentration of generated components. In this study, a quantitative analysis was made possible by using the low temperature concentration (cooling) trap method. Through this, it was confirmed that the correlation with the actual odor intensity was not caused by the product itself, but by the environmental factor discharged from the product after creating the odor environment.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.768-798
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• 2016

This study started from the awareness of the issue if the citation index newly introduced to evaluate the quality of papers satisfies the proper timing matter, which is a component of performance indicators for the evaluation of government-funded R&D institutes. Accordingly, the study will propose improvement ways to shift the previous evaluation system to quality evaluation for mission-oriented R&D institutes by analysing and using the periodical characteristics such as citation half-life and immediacy index of papers. As a result, it turned out that the speed of academic change is getting faster in proportion to the dependency on the technological development but that the citation speed in the field of public technology is relatively slower and the speed of knowledge transfer in the fields related to industry is faster. In addition, the citation index among the R&D fields showed no differences, and the minimum period for citation index measurement with validity should be over 6 years. The problems of evaluation for mission-oriented R&D institutes were deducted based on the technical and statistical analysis results of the temporal characteristic of citation necessary for quality evaluation of performance among R&D fields. To solve the problems, policy alternatives for object and valid quality evaluation were proposed from the points of evaluation period and evaluation criteria.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.509-516
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• 2015

Intangibility, measurement difficulty and irreversibility, which are the characteristics of service, have such problems as obscurity and uncertainty in quality evaluation. Technical entrepreneurship education, a sort of public service, also contains such characteristics of service. To objectively evaluate the service quality of technical entrepreneurship education, this paper drew up factors as hierarchical structure, centered on FAHP technique, and conducted pre-processing, inputted those factors into triangular fuzzy number fuzzy judgement matrix, and calculated their weights. In this manner, this paper proposed a TESE system, through which an analysis can be conducted by drawing relative importance and priorities of the factors. The proposed system can efficiently evaluate the qualitative technical start-up education service quality factors quantitatively in the diversely changing technical start-up environment in view of the highest result quality (41%), which means performance in the relative importance of major factors. Namely, this paper confirmed that clear decision making can be made through an experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.34-49
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• 1993

This research aimed to analize the cognitive intensity of valuation(C.I.V) on urban environment as a first stage of the works on evaluative urban image under the hypothesis that it could be interpreted with a correlation analysis between the C.I.V and attitude(Satisfaction of unsatisfaction Intensity) toward urban environment. As a method of a study, 118 cognitive elements were selected representing an urban environment, and each of elements was suggested to citizens of Kyungju with 7 point Likert Scale. The analysis of C.I.V was operated under the three criteria: The first, three of urban space scale(urban scale, neighborhood scale, and housing scale), the second, four elements of urban living environment(safety, amenity, healthfulness, and effectiveness), and the last, thirteen urban unit environment(housing, traffic, education, tourism, medical/health, culture, etc.). The results were as follows: C.I.V to each of 118 elements was cleary defined, showing the possibilities of being applied to a method for subjective, or cognitive evaluation on urban environment: It was revealed that citizens'C.I.V was rather higher in non-physical, qualitative elements than in physical and quantitative ones. This shows well the limitation of the objective method of evaluation of urban environment: The results of the others' studies on the image of Kyungju based on the cognitive approach, being focused on the analysis of the visual aspects of urban structure, cultural assets, historic site and tourism, were almost same as this study but it was quite different for this research to reveal well the citizens' cognition on their living environment of traffic, education, medical, etc..

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.333-342
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• 2022

Purpose: The goal of this systematic review was to compare the use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) with that of computed tomography (CT) for volumetric evaluations of the tongue and oral cavity. Materials and Methods: A search for articles was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses guidelines. The PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and SAGE Journals databases were searched for articles published between 2011 and 2021. Articles were screened and assessed for eligibility. Screening involved checking for duplication, reading the title and abstract, and reading the full text. Results: The initial search retrieved 25,780 articles. Application of the eligibility criteria yielded 16 articles for qualitative analysis. Multiple uses of CBCT were identified. In several studies, researchers assessed the volumetric correlation between tongue and oral cavity volumes, as well as other parameters. Post-treatment volumetric evaluations of the oral cavity were also reported, and the reliability of CBCT was assessed. The use of CT resembled that of CBCT. Conclusion: CBCT has been used in the evaluation of tongue and oral cavity volumes to assess correlations between those volumes and with the upper airway. It has also been used for volumetric evaluation after surgical and nonsurgical procedures and to assess the relationships between tongue volume, tooth position, occlusion, and body mass index. Participants with obstructive sleep apnea and malocclusion have been evaluated, and the reliability of CBCT has been assessed. In the included studies, CT was utilized for similar purposes as CBCT, but its reliability was not assessed.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2023

Background: Mobile applications (apps) on dietary supplements can increase consumers' access to information. However, it can lead to indiscriminate use of dietary supplements. This study aims to systematically review dietary supplement apps released in English and Korean and evaluate the quality of those apps. Methods: Through the app stores, apps on dietary supplements were systemically searched and examined. Two independent evaluators evaluated the apps and presented a mean score using the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS). The correlation between MARS scores, user and evaluator ratings, and the number of secondary features of the apps were analyzed. Results: Of the 2,772 dietary supplement apps identified, 17 apps were included according to the selection criteria. The mean MARS score was 3.28 (standard deviation: 0.29) out of 5. Apps had higher scores in aesthetics and functionality dimensions, while engagement and information dimensions had lower scores. There was a positive correlation between the number of app downloads and information among MARS dimensions. The subjective evaluation also correlated with the information dimension. There was a positive correlation between the secondary features of the apps and MARS total score as well as the engagement dimension. Conclusion: The dietary supplement apps need to be managed at a higher level of quality to provide safe and reliable information to consumers. Especially, quality on information and engagement dimensions can be improved. Involvement of healthcare professionals in the app development, management with adequate referencing of information, and use of secondary features for enhanced user engagement can be helpful.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.67-85
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• 2005

The study aimed to perform the qualitative analysis of food and nutrition informations offered in TV program by monitoring newscastings, health-related programs giving food and nutrition information, dramas for family, education programs for children, and information programs for elderly in major TV broadcasting station(KBS, MBC, SBS, EBS). In this study, statistical analysis were done for numbers of information items related to health or food and nutrition informations. Duration of program the main, subject, sources, evaluation criteria of the contents. Results of qualitative monitoring for TV program are as follows. For health-related informations major propotions of subjects for the newscastings were about diseases. Those for health information programs were about foods. Those for children-education programs were about groceries. Those for seniors’ information programs were about eating habits. The analysis of food and nutrition information sources for most of programs were interviews with specialist and normal person, and on-the-spot-investingations. For food and nutrition informations those were evaluated as inappropriate, the propotion of news was increased to 72.2% in 2003 from 49.3% in 2002. For health information programs, it was increased to 67.7% in 2003 from 54.0% in 2002. But, in drama the propotion of inappropriate scenes were decreased to 16.2% in 2003 from 63.2% in 2002. In children-education programs, it was 40.0%. In seniors’ information programs, it was 17.9% in 2002. The propotion of cases that the quantity of foods is inappropriate in the food scene of serial drama, decreased to 15.8% in 2003 from 28.6% in 2002. The rate of drinking scenes increased to 11.5% from 10.7%. The rate of smoking scenes decreased to 0.2% from 1.6% due to the broadcasting self-regulation of smoking scenes in dramas. In the newscatings and information programs, reasons of being evaluated as inappropriate was that they didn’t have any practical suggestions and proper intakes. There were also insufficient explanation for technical terminology, different comparison standard of nutritive value, and exaggeration for physiological effect of food. The drama contained a lot of unnecessary scenes of alcohol drinking, coffee drinking, midnight meal, and had more quantity of foods than the quantity needed for persons to the scene. As the result of this study, the rate of food and nutrition information were high, but the rate of information which was evaluate as appropriate was not sufficient. There are need to improve contents of information and to moniter the contents for consumer.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.351-359
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• 2015

This convergence study analyzed the effectiveness of digital radiography system of copper(Cu) filter in the added filtration for the removal of lower energy radiation through dose and image evaluation. We were analyzed from April to June 2015 result of the examination. Cu filter was applied to each non, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mm according to change of kV and mAs and doses were evaluated. Image quality was evaluated by PSNR, MAE, MSE, CNR, SNR and qualitative analysis was performed by seven items for resolution and contrast from chest x-ray criteria of national cancer checkup. The absorbed doses with Cu were lowered by 16-88 % than non-filter but the gaps decreased as kV increased. PSNR were over 30 dB and all significant and CNR and SNR were superior with non-filter but in the qualitative analysis, there were different statistical significant according to each item. The score of 0.1 mm filter was high at pulmonary blood vessel observation and in the 0.3 mm Cu, there were no statistical signigicant except high density and full of air portion. Cu filter can improve image quality with lower radiation dose using better radiation quality and correction power at digital radiography system.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.709-718
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• 2016

The study considers viewpoints for qualitative improvement of landscape planning based on research literature, books and reports. By classifying items used in this study, evaluation criteria was derived for viewpoint selection using SPSS Statistics. In addition, we establish weights and prioritize viewpoints by measuring the relative importance within the hierarchical index. The analysis results are as follows: First, 16 viewpoints were determined using surveys from experts to establish specific and systematic plans for landscape simulation. Second, with respect to the medium classification level of viewpoint evaluation, the most important factor found was 'view' followed by 'publicness' and 'place.' Third, priority by viewpoint was found to exhibit the following order of relative importance: visual openness of viewpoint, favorability as view target, cultural property space, historicity, public place, gateway place, area where the target can be observed, thickly-populated or most-used place, place where various shapes of targets and surrounding landscape can be identified, ecological protection area, river and waterside area, viewing angle (relief-etching), viewing direction, major roads, distance between the viewpoint and the target, and plains and farmland. These results can contribute to developing systematic and reliable analysis frame for qualitative improvement of landscape planning and evaluating landscape simulation.