• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.38-44
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• 2015

Objectives: Radix Ginseng has been used for thousands of years to treat a wide variety of diseases. Radix ginseng has also been used as a traditional medicine for boosting Qi energy and tonifying the spleen and lungs. Traditionally, its effect could be obtained orally. Nowadays, a new method, the injection of herbal medicine, is being used. This study was performed to investigate the single-dose intravenous toxicity of water-soluble ginseng pharmacopuncture (WSGP) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: All experiments were carried out at Biotoxtech, an institute authorized to perform non-clinical studies under the regulation of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). At the age of six weeks, 40 SD rats, 20 male rats and 20 female rats, were allocated into one of 4 groups according to the dosages they would receive. The WSGP was prepared in the Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute under the regulation of Korea-Good Manufacturing Practice (K-GMP). Dosages of WSGP were 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mL/animal for the experimental groups, and normal saline was administered to the control group. The rat's general conditions and body weights, the results of their hematological and biochemistry tests, and their necropsy and histopathological findings were investigated to identify the toxicological effect of WSGP injected intravenously. The effect was examined for 14 days after the WSGP injection. This study was performed under the approval of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee of Biotoxtech. Results: No deaths were found in this single-dose toxicity test on the intravenous injection of WSGP, and no significant changes in the rat's general conditions and body weights, the results on their hematological and biochemistry test, and their necropsy findings were observed during the test. The local area of the injection site showed minial change. The lethal dose was assumed to be over 1.0 mL/animal in both sexes. Conclusion: These results indicate that WSGP is safe at dosages up to 1 mL/animal.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.97-108
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• 2010

Salt is a vital inorganic substance to human body and is seasoning in food. It is an absolute alternating factor on fermented food. What's more, in the oriental medicine, it is widely used to raise the pharmacological effect as a component of a prescription when processing a medicine, and when taking the medicine. Though, Importance of salt is often unaware and it is not used in the right way. focusing on "東醫寶鑑 內景篇 Donguibogam-Naegyeong" I categorized the methods of salt's prescription, dose, processing, seasoning, etc. The contents were compared and studied as well. When salt is used as a medicine, It is used as a main medicine, complimentary(aid) medicine, Jjim-Jil(hot towel or bath etc), vomiting medicine and gargling water. when taking the salt water with other medicine, depending on the type of the medicine, boiled salt water, warm alcohol or salt water, mixing powder medicine with salt water etc The methods are diverse. The reason to process medicine with salt or salt water is to bring the pharmacological Qi(energy) down to increase remedial value. When processing a medicine, kneading dough with salt water and the case using food ingredient as medicine salt was used as seasoning. Kneaded mud with salt were used to cover medicine or on the outer surface. This proves that it prevents the dryness and helps the medicine cooked even. Like this, salt is vital and highly-valued medicine in the oriental medicine. learning the right method of using salt and if it were used properly It is considered that it would increase the Pharmacological effect.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.1304-1317
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• 2020

The tubes in a heat exchanger, such as a steam generator (SG), are subjected to crossflow, and interaction between tubes and supports can happen, which can cause fretting wear of tubes. Although many experiments and models have been established, some detailed mechanisms are still not sufficiently clear. In this work, more attention is paid to obtain the regulation of impact and sliding in the complex process and many factors, such as excitation forces and clearances. The responses and contact forces were analyzed to obtain clear understanding of the influences of these factors. Room temperature tests in the air were established. The results show that the effect of clearance on the normal work rate is not monotonous and instead has two peaks. The force ratio can influence the normal work rate by changing the distribution of contact angles, which can result in higher sliding in the contact process. Fretting wear tests are conducted, and the wear surfaces are analyzed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). The results of this work can serve as a reference for impactsliding contact analysis between AVBs and tubes in steam generators.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.319-324
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• 2009

Qigong is one energy-healing intervention used to prevent and cure ailments and to improve health through regular practice. Although qigong -neither itself nor its postulated mechanism of action- are within the paradigm of modern Western medical science, effects on the human body could be possible. This study aims to review the bibliography, biological responses and therapeutic effects of Qigong. In the process, this review will grasp trends in this field of studies and will direct further researches into the right direction. The computerized Korean databases were searched from their respective inceptions up to January 2008. The search terms used were 'qi', 'qigong', 'doin', 'training', 'bioenergy', 'life nurturing' and random or Korean language terms related to qigong. Several specialized journals were also manually searched for relevant articles. Since the 1990s, Qigong papers in the Korean Literature is increased. Clinical research studies are among the most control design study. Research subjects are less patient than the general public. The most common treatment disease was hypertension. The depth study for the each Qigong is needed. Specifically, I think it should be a clinical studies and qualitative research methods for evaluation are needed.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.186-193
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• 2008

Astragali Radix, known as Huangqi, is the most important tonic in the traditional oriental medicine. It reinforces 'qi' (vital energy), strengthens the superficial resistance and promotes the discharge of pus and the growth of new tissue. It has long been used as an anti-perspirant, anti-diuretic or a tonic. Eleven compounds were isolated from the hexane and EtOAc fractions from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus (Leguminosae) and their structures were identified as four triterpenoids [lupenone (1), friedelin (2), lupeol (3), soyasapogenol E (9)] and seven sterols [${\beta}-sitosterol$ (4), stigmastane-3,6-dione (5), $7{\alpha}-hydroxysitosterol$ (6), $5{\alpha},6{\beta}-dihydroxysitosterol$ (7), $7-oxo-{\beta}-sitosterol$ (8), ${\beta}-sitosterol$ glucoside 6'-O-palmitate (10), ${\beta}-sitosterol$ glucoside (11)]. The chemical structures of these compounds were identified on the basis of spectroscopic methods and comparison with literature values. Among these compounds, lupenone (1), friedelin (2), lupeol (3), stigmastane-3,6-dione (5), $7{\alpha}-hydroxysitosterol$ (6), $5{\alpha},6{\beta}-dihydroxysitosterol$ (7), $7-oxo-{\beta}-sitosterol$ (8), soyasapogenol E (9), and ${\beta}-sitosterol$ glucoside 6'-O-palmitate (10) were isolated from this plant for the first time.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.2013-2018
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• 2014

The adsorption and decomposition of trimethylene oxide ($C_3H_6O$) molecule on the Al(111) surface were investigated by the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) of density functional theory (DFT). The calculations employed a supercell ($6{\times}6{\times}3$) slab model and three-dimensional periodic boundary conditions. The strong attractive forces between $C_3H_6O$ molecule and Al atoms induce the C-O bond breaking of the ring $C_3H_6O$ molecule. Subsequently, the dissociated radical fragments of $C_3H_6O$ molecule oxidize the Al surface. The largest adsorption energy is about -260.0 kJ/mol in V3, V4 and P2, resulting a ring break at the C-O bond. We also investigated the decomposition mechanism of $C_3H_6O$ molecules on the Al(111) surface. The activation energies ($E_a$) for the dissociations V3, V4 and P2 are 133.3, 166.8 and 174.0 kJ/mol, respectively. The hcp site is the most reactive position for $C_3H_6O$ decomposing.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.2257-2262
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• 2014

$C_{60}$ is widely investigated because of its unique structure. But its applications in solid propellant seem to be relatively neglected. $C_{60}$ has more outstanding features than carbon black which is widely used as a catalyst ingredient of solid propellant. To combine the advantages of fullerene and lead salts, another good composite in propellant catalysts, we synthesized a kind of fullerene phenylalanine lead salt (FPL) and explored its thermal performances by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). The results show it undergoes four exothermic processes started from 408 K. Combined TGA and X-ray diffractometer (XRD), the decomposition mechanism of FPL was derived by TG-IR and comparing IR spectra of FPL and its residues after burned to $327^{\circ}C$, $376^{\circ}C$ and $424^{\circ}C$, respectively. Effect of FPL on the decomposition characteristic of hexogen (RDX), a type of explosive in propellant, has been investigated using DTA at different heating rate, which shows the decomposition temperatures of the explosive are all reduced by more than 20 K. The corresponding activation energy ($E_a$) is decreased by $30kJ{\cdot}mol^{-1}$. So FPL has potential application as a combustion catalyst in solid propellant.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.457-463
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• 2016

The goal of this work was to investigate the correlations between MyHC mRNA transcription and their corresponding protein expressions in porcine longissimus muscle (LM) during postnatal growth of pigs. Five DLY ($Duroc{\times}Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$) crossbred pigs were selected, slaughtered and sampled at postnatal 7, 30, 60, 120, and 180 days, respectively. Each muscle was subjected to quantity MyHCs protein contents through an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), to quantity myosin heavy-chains (MyHCs) mRNA abundances using real-time polymerase chain reaction. We calculated the proportion (%) of each MyHC to total of four MyHC for two levels, respectively. Moreover, the activities of several key energy metabolism enzymes were determined in LM. The result showed that mRNA transcription and protein expression of MyHC I, IIa, IIx and IIb in LM all presented some obvious changes with postnatal aging of pigs, especially at the early stage after birth, and their mRNA transcriptions were easy to be influenced than their protein expressions. The relative proportion of each MyHC mRNA was significantly positively related to that of its corresponding protein (p<0.01), and MyHC I mRNA proportion was positively correlated with creatine kinase (CK), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities (p<0.05). These data suggested that MyHC mRNA transcription can be used to reflect MyHC expression, metabolism property and adaptive plasticity of porcine skeletal muscles, and MyHC mRNA composition could be a molecular index reflecting muscle fiber type characteristics.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2 s.30
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• pp.115-133
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• 1995

In the Oriental Western Consideration of Habitual Abortion, the result of this study is summarized as follows: 1. Habitual abortion means repetition of Tatae(abortion within 3 months), Sosan(abortion after 3 months), and Bansan(abortion after 5 months), as it agrees with Hoaltae, Sutatae and Nuing-Nuta in oriental medical science. 2. Frequency in Occurrence of habitual abortion is about 0.2-0.4%> in the whole pregnancy and the Ratio of Risk increases according to frequency and age increase. 3. Generally, the cause of habitual abortion is due to the cause of the mother. Therefore, diagnosis and treatment of before-childbirth are needed, and 'measures taken to prevent abortion' is in use to improve the condition of health of before-childbirth in oriental medical science. 4. The 50-60% of early abortion is due to the heterochromosome and the ratio of risk of habirual abortion is hightest in heterochromosome. 5. The causes of habitual abortion are summarized as vital energe and blood weakness. impairment of Chong and Ren, aflection by exopathogen, fever caused by blood deficiency. weakness of the spleen and the stomach, excess of seven emotion. excess of a sexual desire and injury of a contusion and also the treatments are summarized as invigorating qi (vital energy) and enriching the blood, reducing fever and enriching the blood, reinforcing the spleen, tonifying the Chong and Ren, the practice of a sceticism, psychological peace in oriental medical science. 6. The approch of modem oriental medical science is based on diagnosis and treatment based on 'over all analysis of symptoms and signs' of traditional oriental medical science. it goes abreast with diagnosis of western medical science, and it can be expected mare inclusive effect of treatment because 'Acupuncture for prevent abortion', 'Acupuncture with the needle warmed by burning moxa', and so on being developed except medicinal therapy.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.147-158
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• 2004

Objectives : This study was aimed to investigate the methods for acupuncture and moxibustional treatment to insomnia Methods : The insomnia is classified by seven cause at main subject. According to this, arrange the acupuncture and moxibustional treatment for classical books, and explain eight meridian related to insomnia. Results : 1. Insomnia means deficiency of sleeping and it is the word generally used when a short period of sleeping, difficulty for deep sleeping and difficulty for recovery of original vital energy comes out. In oriental medicine, they understand that uneasiness condition occurred by abnormal operation of the internal organs as heart, liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, kidney, etc. caused by external affection or internal injury becomes Insomnia. 2. Cause of insomnia can be classified majorly as fire-transformation of liver and gallbladder , inner shaking of phlegm-heat , insufficiency of both the heart and the spleen, disharmony between heat and kidney, the dysfunction of the stomach, timidity of heart and gallbladder, the deficiency of Qi of the lung. They make insomnia with bad influence upon body and spirit. 3. The meridian system such as Heart Meridian of Hand Soeum, Pericardium Meridian of Hand Gworeum, Stomach Meridian of Foot Yangmyeong, Spleen Meridian of Foot Taeeum, Bladder Meridian of Foot Taeyang, Kidney Meridian of Foot Soeum, Gallbladder Meridian of Foot Soyang, Liver Meridian of Foot Gworeum and Lung Meridian of Hand Taeeum are used to treat insomnia. Sinmun acupoint and Naegwan acupoint are often used in particular because the they are good for calmming the spirit, the heart and purging the heart of (pathogenic) fire. 4. Especialy, Back-Su points of Bladder Meridian of Foot Taeyang was used by each causes. The Back-su Points was mainly used for heal the insomnia because the Back-Su points has good competent to control the ability of internal organs by direct effect to it. It is because the vitality flows through around back-Su. Conclusions : It comes to a conclusion as follows with research for relevancy of the main cause of insomnia and meridian system includes meridian point.