• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.113-118
• /
• 1999

Ten specimens of pufferfish Lagocephalus gloveri(called Gumeun-mibog in Korean) were purchased at a fish market in Pusan Korea. The pufferfishes were immediately frozen packed in ice boxes transpor-ted to our laboratory and then dissected in to four parts. The tissues were homoginized after adding with chloroform: methanol mixture solution and storaged at cool and dark place to extract total lipid. The total lipid contents were 29,34∼36.54% in liver 4.95∼6.11% in intestine 1.08∼1.60% in skin and 0.23∼0.38% in muscle of the pufferfish respectively. The contents of DHA and EPA were higher in the total lipids of livers showing 15.99% DHA and 3.04% EPA. The other fatty acids in the total lipids of liver were mainly composed of palmitic acid(16:0) palmitoleic acid(16:1) stearic acid(18:0) and oliec acid(18:1) Furthermore the contents of neurtral lipids were 95.45% and those of phospholipids and glycolipids were 1.45 and 3.09% respectively. Main fattty acids of the neutral lipid were composed of palmitic acid(16:0) stearic acid(18:0) oleic acid(18:1) oleic acid(18:1) EPA(20:6) and DHA(22:6) The contents of DHA and EPA were 16.62 and 2.41% respectvely. From these results of toxicity in the raw liver the tissue was judged to be nontoxic before and after extracting of total lipid.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.141-144
• /
• 1995

The pufferfish Takifugu vermicularis radiatus (Gukmeri-bog) was examined for toxicity. Thirty-one specimens, which had obtained from creeks of Inchon and Ansan in Spring and Autumn of 1992 and 1993, Korea, were assayed for anatomical distribution of toxicity by mouse bioassay method. Ovary, testis, liver and muscle showed very strong toxicity, and intestine and skin did moderate toxicity. Their average toxicities were moderately toxic in all. Moreover, the toxicities of liver and intestine were stronger in Spring than Autumn. Judging from the results, T. vermicularis radiatus is considered to be very harmful fish. Consequently, it is necessary to take a proper preventive step against food poisoning by pufferlish ingestion.

• Development and Reproduction
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.327-335
• /
• 2020

Genomic DNA (gDNA) extracted from two populations of natural and cultured river pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The complexity of the fragments derived from the two locations varied dramatically. The genetic distances (GDs) between individuals numbered 15 and 12 in the cultured population was 0.053, which was the lowest acknowledged. The oligonucleotide primer OPC-11 identified 88 unique loci shared within each population reflecting the natural population. The OPC-05 primer identified 44 loci shared by the two populations. The average band-sharing (BS) values of individuals in the natural population (0.683±0.014) were lower than in those derived from the cultured population (0.759±0.009) (p<0.05). The shortest GD demonstrating a significant molecular difference was found between the cultured individuals # 15 and # 12 (GD=0.053). Individual # 02 of the natural population was most distantly related to cultured individual # 22 (GD=0.827). A cluster tree was built using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) Euclidean GD analysis based on a total of 578 various fragments derived from five primers in the two populations. Obvious markers identified in this study represent the genetic structure, species security, and proliferation of river pufferfish in the rivers of the Korean peninsula.

• Development and Reproduction
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.367-375
• /
• 2019

Pufferfish (Takifugu spp.) are economically important edible marine fish. Mistakes in pufferfish classification can lead to poisoning; therefore, accurate species identification is critical. In this study, we used the mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) to design specific primers for six Takifugu species among the 21 domestic or imported pufferfish species legally sold for consumption in Korea. We rapidly and simultaneously identified these pufferfish species using a highly efficient, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system with the six species-specific primers. The results showed that species-specific multiplex PCR (multiplex species-specific polymerase chain reaction; MSS-PCR) either specifically amplified PCR products of a unique size or failed. MSS-PCR yielded amplification fragment lengths of 897 bp for Takifugu pardalis, 822 bp for T. porphyreus, 667 bp for T. niphobles, 454 bp for T. poecilonotus, 366 bp for T. rubripes, and 230 bp for T. xanthpterus using the species-specific primers and a control primer (ca. 1,200 bp). We visualized the results using agarose gel electrophoresis to obtain accurate contrasts of the six Takifugu species. MSS-PCR analysis is easily performed and provides identification results within 6 h. This technique is a powerful tool for the discrimination of Takifugu species and will help prevent falsified labeling, protect consumer rights, and reduce the risk of pufferfish poisoning..

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1999

It confirmed the facilitated diffusion of $Na^+$ of frog bladder membrane which is a tissue membrane. The mechanism was explained in $Na^+$ channel model and its referred to the $Na^+$ channel obstruction ingredient which was contained in the reference to the $Na^+$ channel obstruction ingredient and son on, e.g., seaweed, shellfish, pufferfish, phytoplankton and chinese drug. Also, it introduces the result which studied from the barrier point of the application of the tissue biosensor to the trade friction on Korea or Japan pufferfish and the marine environment in the one with high dependance. It was possible for the poison quantity of small amount pufferfish toxin (TTX), paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) to be measured and also to measure poison quantity in the cultivation poisonous toxin phytoplankton individual. In future, as for this tissue biosensor, it expects that it is possible to contribute widely until environment watch and also monitoring to the scene.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.196-201
• /
• 2000

The production of tetrodotoxin (TTX) using Vibrio sp. YE-101, a novel marine microorganism isolated from the intestine of pufferfish, was investigated. Culture condition was optimized for the enhanced production of TTX using response surface methodology. The experimental sets of environmental conditions including pH, temperature and NaCl concentration were designed using central composite experimental design. The optimal conditions of pH, temperature and NaCl concentration were determined to be 8.1, 29.2℃, and 2.6% (w/v) respectively. The relative growth extent could be enhanced up to 80%, and final mouse unit (MU) value of TTX was also enhanced up to 87% by response surface optimization.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.46-50
• /
• 2000

Totally, twenty seven specimens of tiger puffer, Fugu rubripes rubripes were collected at Jagalchi fish market in Pusan, Korea during January, April and September in 1995. Anatomical distribution of pufferfish toxin in tiger puffer was examined by mouse bioassay. The frequency rate of toxic specimens containing $\geq$ 10 MU/g was 14.8％ in liver; 16.7％ in gonad; and 14.8％ in skin, and no toxin was detected in muscle. The highest toxin level found was 160 MU/g in liver, 600 MU/g in gonad and 26 MU/g in skin, and each average toxin level (mean$\pm$ standard error) was 7$\pm$6, 50$\pm$35 and 5$\pm$1 MU/g, respectively. Some specimens collected in January and April were toxic, while none of the specimens collected in September showed its toxicity. Although toxicity of tiger puffer showed the seasonal variation, tested tiger puffer was evaluated as a safe seafood fur consumption, in that an acceptable level of toxin was found in the edible muscle and skin.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.50-56
• /
• 2017

An antibacterial peptide was purified from an acidified gill extract of the pufferfish Takifugu pardalis. The acidified gill extract was put through a Sep-Pak C18 solid phase extraction cartridge using a stepwise gradient and divided into a flow-through (F.T.) and 60% methanol fraction (RM 60). Among the eluents, RM 60 had potent antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis KCTC 1021. RM 60 was partially purified on a cationic-exchange column (SP-5PW) by a linear gradient, and the antibacterial peptide was then further purified, using a series of cationic-exchange and $C_{18}$ reversed-phase HPLC columns. For characterization of the purified peptide, its molecular weight and amino acid sequence were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS and Edman degradation. The molecular weight of the peptide was about 1171.6 Da. The amino acid sequence of the peptide was partially determined as: STKEKAPRKQ. A comparison of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified peptide with that of other known polypeptides revealed high homology with the N-terminus of the histone H3 protein, which belongs to the histone H3 family. Thus, this peptide was designated as a puffer fish gill (PFG)-related antimicrobial peptide. This is the report to describe an antimicrobial function for the N-terminus of histone H3 of an animal species. The findings suggest that this peptide plays a significant role in the innate defense system of the pufferfish.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 2023

The river pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus) is a valuable species in aquaculture and genetic studies. Usage of fish anesthetics aids in the easier handling of fish during aquaculture. However, there are no studies on appropriate conditions required for effective anesthetization of pufferfish. This study aims to determine the optimal conditions (fish age, water temperature, anesthetic concentration) needed for the most common fish anesthesia, MS-222, to anesthetize T. obscurus. We tested three different water temperatures (20℃, 24℃, and 28℃), three different anesthetic concentrations (125 mg/L, 150 mg/L, and 175 mg/L), and two different fish ages (one- and two-year-old). Appropriate anesthetization conditions for T. obscurus ranged from 150 mg/L to 175 mg/L of MS-222 at 24℃ to 28℃ for one-year-old fish. For two-year-old fish, the appropriate conditions ranged from 150 mg/L to 175 mg/L of MS-222 at 28℃. However, to minimize side effects and risks, 150 mg/L of MS-222 at 24℃ for one-year-old fish and 175 mg/L of MS-222 at 28℃ for two-year-old fish are recommended for effective anesthetization.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.75-78
• /
• 2000

The present study was conducted for the data of toxicity and taste components of the pufferfish, Sphoeroides annulayus (bull's eye fuller), transported from Mexico. All other parts including muscle and skin were nontoxic ranging below $10\;{\mu/g$ except gonad, The amounts of IMP and ADP were $5.6\;{\mu}mol/g\;and\;2.7\;{\mu}mol/g$, and the ratio to the total ATP and its related compounds was $41.1{\%}$. The great portion of free amino acids in the muscle of the puffer was occupied by L-glycine, L-alanine, L-anserine, L-threonine and L-valine. Their amounts were $233.5 mg/100 g, 169.0 mg/100 g, 149.1 mg/100 g, 135.7 mg/100 g and 132.3 mg/100 g$. Their concentration ratio to total free amino acids were $14.28{\%},\;10.33{\%},\;9.12{\%},\;8.30{\%}\;and\;8.09{\%}$, respectively. The content was $50.12{\%}$ of the total free amino acids. In addition, the amounts of taurine and L-histidine were 119.3mg/100 g and 14,7 mg/100 g.