• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.21-33
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• 2015

Purpose: Domestically, a recent controversial part on Mixed-Use Development is its case that utilizes railroad sites among urban infrastructure. but most of all, a concern is being concentrated on the Mixed-Use Development that uses railroad depot. It has the advantage, which can give diversity and publicness to urban environment by using and planing the upper and bottom of railroad depot, a proximity site as Development Available Land. However, there are few cases except for only Yang-cheon APT in SinJeong railway depot as a domestic case even though a domestic concern about Mixed-Use Development is rising more than ever. Method: Accordingly, this study has something in common with a domestic case, dealing with a case of development in Hongkong that enhances efficiency for city space through Mixed-Use Development and solves various urban problems. Result: A purpose of this study, based on overall comprehension about Rail and Property Model of MTRC in Hongkong, is to figure out how it solve various problems in Mixed-Use Development using Railway Depot or stations in the base of Rail and Property Model of MTRC.

• Korean Architects
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• s.496
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• pp.71-76
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• 2010

본 연재는 앞으로 2회에 걸쳐 '네덜란드의 건축정책(Architectural Policy)'과 '네덜란드의 건축센터(Architecture Centers)'의 역할을 살펴보게 될 것이다. 이를 통해 각각 중앙 정부와 지역이 어떻게 상호 관계를 맺으며 네덜란드의 건축과 도시를 조율하고 발전시켜나가는 건축 정책의 중요한 주체로서 작용하는지 살펴보고자 한다. 이러한 복합적인 층위의 역할과 그 협력 관계를 이해하는 것은 오늘날 세계 건축계를 이끌어 가고 있는 네덜란드의 건축문화를 이루는 원동력이 무엇인지를 아는 데에 있어 매우 중요한 일이다. 네덜란드는 세계 최초의 정부 주도로 수립된 건축정책을 통해 지난 20여 년 간 건축의 공공성을 표방하며 자국의 건축문화를 발전시켜왔다. 네덜란드의 건축문화는 개별적인 작가들에 의해서라기보다는 건축가(군), 건축기관, 정부 등 여러 주체들에 의해 발전되었으며 건축 정책을 통해 지속적인 시스템을 구축했다는 점을 주목해야 한다. 네덜란드 정부는 건축정책을 수립하고 그 실행을 전문적 건축기관에 일임함으로써 전문가들이 분야의 전문성과 폭넓은 네트워크를 바탕으로 건축의 공공성을 지향하고 건축실천의 방향성을 유도하는 역할을 하고 있다. 한편 지역의 자발적인 움직임으로 설립, 운영되는 지역 건축센터들은 지역의 폭넓은 커뮤니티에의 접근성을 바탕으로 정부의 적극적인 지원 속에서 중앙의 건축정책의 방향성을 지역의 커뮤니티에 전달하고 지역의 이슈를 발굴하고 발전시킨다. 본 연재는 시대적 변화 속에서 개별적 주체들의 의식 성장으로 하향식 주도가 더 이상 작동하기 힘들며 관심과 동기가 다른 다양한 주체들과의 협의와 협력이 불가피해지고 공공성의 대변자 역할을 했던 건축, 도시계획의 위상이 근본적으로 변화를 겪으면서 공공성에 대한 이해의 재정립이 요구되는 현 시대에 네덜란드의 건축정책과 건축센터의 사례를 통해 우리에게 시사하는 바를 찾고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.5-24
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• 2010

The public library is the local centre and gateway of knowledge and information. Therefore, the library should be funded and operated by local government and the governing body will be responsible for matters of policy of the library. However, recently public libraries in Korea have faced enormous policy challenges such as the damage of its identity, outsourcing or contracting-out of management, and the general chaos of its administrative system. This paper aims to analyze the current level of infrastructure and policies of public libraries and to review the wrong path and the right path of library policies focused on establishing a library foundation and outsourcing library management in Seoul and Incheon.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.117-128
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• 2019

The remarkable achievements of the artificial intelligence in recent years are also raising awareness about its potential risks. Several governments and public organizations have been proposing the artificial intelligence ethics for sustainable development of artificial intelligence by minimizing potential risks. However, most existing proposals are focused on the developer-centered ethics, which is not sufficient for the comprehensive ethics required for ongoing intelligent information society. In addition, they have chosen a number of principles as the starting point of artificial intelligence ethics, so it is not easy to derive the guideline flexibly for a specific member reflecting its own situation. In this paper, we classify primitive members who need artificial intelligence ethics in intelligent information society into three : Developer, Supplier and User. We suggest a new artificial intelligence ethics, Seoul PACT, with minimal principles through publicness (P), accountability (A), controllability (C), and transparency (T). In addition, we provide 38 canonical guidelines based on these four principles, which are applicable to each primitive members. It is possible for a specific member to duplicate the roles of primitive members, so that the flexible derivation of the artificial intelligence ethics guidelines can be made according to the characteristics of the member reflecting its own situation. As an application example, in preparation for applying artificial intelligence to e-government service, we derive a full set of artificial intelligence ethics guideline from Seoul PACT, which can be adopted by the special member named Korean Government.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.199-224
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• 2019

The study is to establish the role of libraries in governance. Governance is valid when private actors participate in it. Because it emphasizes the cooperation with actors in diverse sectors for solving complex problems in society. Communities as private actors with publicness help governance actualize direct democracy by participating in governance. Libraries are institutes that foster communities, but in some cases libraries are communities themselves. Therefore, the study reviews literature to prove the relationship between communities and governance and the relationship between libraries and communities. On the basis of literature reviews, the study conducts the survey to proves the relationship between libraries and governance.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.137-154
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• 2019

Singapore has seen a phenomenal and an unprecedented transformation from a swampland to a high density urban environment since its independence in 1965, made possible largely and single-handedly by the sustained efforts of its government. Indeed, urban space is a key vehicle for achieving urban social, environmental, economic, and cultural sustainability. The dense urban context in Singapore has seen an emergence and increase in elevated spaces in the form of sky-gardens, sky-bridges and sky-courts in a range of building types, seemingly seeking to tie together the different horizontal and vertical components of the city. This paper, therefore, examines the effectiveness of elevated urban spaces and pedestrian networks in Singapore and their ability to contribute to the horizontal to vertical transitions, and consequently to the urban vitality and accessibility. It does this through the analysis of two key developments: Marina Bay Sands and the Jurong Gateway. In particular, it considers the implications of certain constraints placed on urban spaces by their inherent location at height, in addition to the familiar privatization of public spaces, over-management of spaces, and their somewhat utilitarian characteristics. The paper argues that some of these issues may pose detrimental effects on the publicness of these spaces that in turn may lead to such spaces being underused and therefore adding redundancies and further stress to Singapore's urban land. Finally, the paper outlines key strategies that may help overcome the aforementioned issues, including the disjuncture associated with elevated spaces such that they may become a seamless extension of the urban spaces on ground.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.11-20
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• 2019

Recently, our society is increasingly aware of the strengthening of 'publicness'. In particular, it is urgent to improve safety in that public spaces are used by an unspecified number of people. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to derive an indicators for evaluating crime safety in outdoor public spaces and to present the relative weights of each evaluation indicator. For this purpose, this study investigated the relative importance of crime safety evaluation indicators for outdoor public spaces to experts and conducted AHP analysis based on this. The result of this study is as follows. First, it was confirmed that similar tendency was observed among experts group (researcher, public officials, planner) related to outdoor public space. Therefore, the results of this study will be a certain reference point in the future social consensus on the issue. Second, the experts related to physical environment evaluation showed that the priority of environmental planning related to 'Natural surveillance' is highly evaluated in order to increase crime safety of outdoor public space. Next, it was recognized that 'Mechanical surveillance' and 'Legibility reinforcement' were needed.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to present the direction of the plan to transform the residential complex into a space that can provide an open residential environment that can lead to social communication and exchange without being closed to the urban residential environment, especially in the apartment complex environment, which is becoming more dense. As a result of the Openness analysis of the 'Codan Shinonome Canal Court', the overall accessibility was good in terms of space utilization, and the openness was low in terms of the spatial composition, which is a physical environment due to the dense block type. When looking at the overall openness of the Codan Sinonome complex in terms of analysis by block, the corrected openness index (C.O.I) for all six blocks was 0.245, the corrected accessibility index (C.A.I) was 1.447 and the openness composite index (O.C.I) was assessed at 1.692. This was due to the formation of high-density block-type urban dwellings and the introduction of S-shaped streets and the layout of low-rise urban support facilities and commercial facilities. The Codan Sinonome Canal Court, which is considered an "open city residence," quantitatively confirmed that it embodies macro-space structure and human-scale space environment even in high-precision environments.

• 한국학연구
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• no.48
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• pp.621-646
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• 2018

이글은 서양 철학이 한국 사회에서 수용되면서 현재 한국 사회에 통용되는 윤리 개념의 형성 과정에 미친 영향을 공공성의 관점에서 살펴본다. 독일 관념론, 언어분석철학, 결과주의(공리주의), 정의론 등 서양 철학의 주요 윤리 이론들은 한국 사회에서 윤리 개념이 변화하는 과정에 독특한 방식으로 영향을 미친다. 우선 공공성에 대해 직접 논의할 수 있는 풍부한 자원을 담고 있는 독일철학의 경우 한국 사회의 역사적 특수성과 전통 윤리와의 정서적 친근성 덕분에 한국 사회의 윤리 개념이 현대화되는 과정에서 결정적 영향을 주었다. 독일 철학에 이어 본격적으로 수용된 분석 철학은 윤리학적 논변을 정교하게 전개할 수 있는 학문적 역량을 쌓을 수 있는 바탕을 제공하였지만 현실의 윤리적 사안들에 대한 무관심을 조장한 측면이 있다. 사회과학분야에서 먼저 수용된 공리주의(결과주의)는 문제 해결 능력이 있는 것처럼 보여 일부에서 적극 수용되고 있지만 윤리의 정체성에 대한 논쟁을 지속적으로 유발하며 윤리의 당위성을 근본적으로 훼손하고 있다는 비난으로부터 자유롭지 못하다. 1980년 이후 본격 수용된 정의론은 사회 전체의 공정성과 공공성에 대한 관심을 새롭게 하고 있다.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.162-172
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• 2013

This study focuses on the genealogical analysis of the urban public spaces by the local history of Seoul which is significantly different from western cities. The analysis targets the discourse of the urban street which defines urban space-structure among the urban public spaces. Based on the analysis, we define the progress levels of urban public design policy in Seoul. Firstly, in 1960's and 1970's, 'urban reconstruction' was intensively carried out for the country modernization, and 'vehicle preferred street expansion' resulted in damages to historical inheritance, in-humanized street, and cultural uniformity. 1980's and 1990's would be defined as 'politic acceptance of plural values to the urban street.' There were the Olympic Games held in Seoul in 1988, which were the celebrations of the 600th capital establishment and the autonomous local government system. In the meanwhile, diverse values on the urban street were discussed in terms of globalization. There also were the self-reflection for the urban skyscrapers and high-population rate, the cultural uniformity of urban street, and the commercialization in downtown with urban reconstruction plans. Then, the sense of landscape and amenity was focused. Various urban projects and regulations were held according to the changes of value recognition. 2000's can be defined as 'introduction to the organic integration and the urban public design governance.' In the 21st century, types of recognition have changed significantly, which include publicness, humanism, sustainability, symbolism, artistry, placeness, and communication. They cause the establishment of ordinances and the installation of integrated organization via urban design administration. The legislation has been revised in order to support the various methods for the maintenance and operation of urban landscape in terms of local characteristics. New regulations were established for residents to participate in the processes of the urban planning with street design policy.