• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to find a suitable standard height of the lavatory in public spaces through the review of relevant regulations, questionnaire survey, lab works, and experiment to measure lavatory heights. The results of the study were as follows: First, the heights of the current public lavatory were ranged from 68cm to 89cm, and the heights to the faucet were from 71cm to 91cm. The recent lavatory was more likely to be higher in heights. Secondly, the suitable height for public lavatory was ranged from 55% to 65% of the heights of the participants put on shoes. Thirdly, 90cm lavatory in height was considered to be more suitable to use for the majority than was 83cm lavatory. Fourth, the author suggest that the suitable y(lavatory height)=77.818 + 0.117x(put on shoes heights). This study suggested that adopting 95% range, the most suitable height of public lavatory is more than 90cm high for the people whose heights are more than 150cm.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.520-528
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• 2012

Objective: This study was performed to assess bacterial distribution concerned in sanitation management of public lavatory in Seoul. Methods: In this research, bacteriological investigation on public lavatory was accomplished for bidet water, bidet nozzle, washbowl and lavatory stool in the 50 public facilities such as public institutions, subway stations, cinema, department stores, large-scale buildings and hospitals amount to 374 specimens. Results: The geometric mean of colony forming unit(CFU) in total aerobic colony count were analyzed as follows; $5.2{\times}10^2/100cm^2$ on lavatory stool, $7.2{\times}10^3/ea$ on bidet nozzle, $7.8{\times}10^3/ea$ on center ring of washbowl, $1.4{\times}10/mL$ in bidet water (ml) and 7.0/ea on doorknob. Opportunistically pathogenic germs such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated in 3.7%, 5.9%, 3.2% and 1.9% of total specimens, respectively. Conclusion: The result of this study shows that there were some facilities where the pathogenic germs were detected to may cause urological infection. And the CFU of general bacteria as the representative indicator of disinfection and lavatory cleaning were high enough to imply the improvement of sanitation management of public lavatories should be contrived.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.89-99
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• 1992

We discussed the change of housing environmental problems from the early 1900s to the present in Study(I). This study(II) which secendly research of study(I) analyzed the fixing precess of a lavatory centering around a excretion which was a serious housing environmental problem in 1920 to 1940. The documentary research method was used for this study. Articles of content analysis(N=185) were published in 1920 to 1990 which were The Deng-A daily news article about a excretion and a lavatory. The main content of this study was examined the change, such as the number of whole article, the column number of article by time series. and the content of article by subject. 1. The number of whole article by time series was collected mainly in1920s-1930s. In 1940s-1960s, one-two column of article was appeared generally and three-four, five column of article was appeared in 1970-1980. 2. Contents of article was divided into two classes, excretion and lavatory. Contents of excretion was 1) a use of fertilizer 2) the method of transportation 3) a cost of gathering 4) a place of disposal 5) the problem of cleaning. Contents of lavatory was 1) a public lavatory 2) a flush toilet 3) a sanitary conditions 3. 1) A use of fertilizer was concentrated in 1920s-1930s, and problems of it was solved more or less by change of management method. Transportation of excretion developed such as \ulcornerGue\ulcorner->a coach of tank style->underground transportation->a dung car of absorption style. Disposal place of excretion was a cause of dissatisfaction in 1920s and it is serious problem Today. A duty of excretion gathering was transfered to a private worker in 1978. The accunulation problem of excretion was continued until 1940s-1950s. The management law of waste matters was proclaimed in 1986. 2) A public lavatory was planned in 1924 for the first time, and it is insufficient in these days, A settlement of public lavatory in building which has upward of 20pyung became obligation in 1973. The problem of water contamination which by poor septic tank was happened in 1970s-1980s.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.147-156
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• 2002

우리나라는 2002년 한·일 공동주최 월드컵이라는 국제적 대회의 개최로 인한 외국인 입국자의 증가로 시설물 확충 및 개보수의 필요성이 절실히 요구되어지고 있다. 하지만 한국관광공사에 따르면 외국인 관광객의 한국여행 시 안내표지판 미비 및 화장실의 불결이 가장 큰 불편사항으로 지적되고 있다. 이중 화장실은 숫자적으로 증가하였으나 관리소흘과 시설의 낙후 등으로 문제가 크게 대두되고 있으며 또한, 디자인측면과 장애인 시설측면의 미흡함으로 관광한국으로서 많은 문제점이 도출되고 있는 실정이다. 화장실에 대한 기존연구는 1980년대부터 시작되어 왔지만 시설물 개선 및 확충, 시민의식의 제고 측면에 편중되어 있기 때문에 공간배치 및 시설물 계획만을 주로 검토하고 있어 공중화장실의 전통적 디자인 측면이나 환경측면에 대한 고려의 연구가 미흡하다고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구는 체크리스트를 통해 공중화장실의 문제점과 실태를 조사하고 이를 바탕으로 국립공원에 적용되어질 수 있는 공중화장실의 디자인을 한국불교 건축양식을 적용하여 쾌적한 환경창출과 한국 전통문화를 느낄 수 있는 공간으로 재탕출하였다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2011

This study examined details and characteristics of prizewinning plans of housing competition promoted by korean architects group in 1946. The competition were held for the first since Liberation of Korea, and had practical purpose to construct houses to solve severe shortage of housing. This study found common trends of housing plan by prizewinning architects, analyzing architectural characteristics of prizewinning plans. Architects pursued western style living for renewed living conditions of people, planning precedent houses to put reception room at the heart of dwelling spaces and centralize them using entrance hall or corridor for traffic lines. Also, they arranged reception room and family room facing to the south and placed lavatory or bathroom inside of houses for hygiene. Kitchens were finished with wooden floor to keep same level of reception room and equipped with sink, kitchen table, pantry for convenient housekeeping. The result of competition become a basis of constructing houses by housing administration in 1947, and more important foundation for planning typical public houses of national housing corporation.