• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 1985

This study was carried out to investigate reproductive traits and sex hormone levels by growth in Korean native goats. Serum levels of FSH, LH, prolactin, estradiol-$17{\beta}$ and progesterone were determined every 15 days from the 70 days of age to 190 days by radioimmunoassay. The age and weight at sexual maturity were 183.6 days and 14.3 kg; the length of estrous cycle and estrus period were 20.3 days and 36.7 hours, respectively. The gestation period, litter size and body weight at birth were 148.4 days, 1.4 head and 1.8 kg, respectively. The levels of serum LH were highest with 3.93 mIU/ml at 70 days of age, thereafter decreased gradually to 1.21 mIU/ml at 190 days of age. The concentrations of FSH in serum were below 1.25 mIU/ml throughout the experimental period. The levels of prolactin were lowest with 3.09ng/ml at 85 days of age and highest with 4.65 ng/ml at 175 days of age. The serum levels of estradiol-$17{\beta}$ were increased with age, thus highest with 7.95 pg/ml at 190 days of age. The serum progesterone concentrations were maintained low levels (below 1.0 ng/ml) throughout the experimental period.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.202-218
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• 2006

Purpose : Because girls at puberty· are lack in sex ability, temporary menstruation disorder can be occured. This disorder is considered that will be disappeared as growing, so people used to leave the disease untreated and just watched. But clinically I frequently experience not to disappear. So I have carried out this study to investigate the actual condition of young girls's menstrual disorders. Methods : I researched 440 high school girls in Pusan by Menstruation Diary which I made about menstrual cycle, duration, amount and pain. The results were managed by the ststistics. Results :1. Menstrual cycle 1) In disorder of menstrual cycle, persons who have Bate menstruation are more than persons who have premature menstruation. 2) Persons who have normal menstrual cycle are in 124 persons(28.51%), the others who have severe premature menstruation or late menstruation more than one time for 4-7 months are in 311 Persons.(71.49%) 2. Menstrual duration and amount 1) Persons who have normal menstrual amount we in 66-89%, hypermenorrhea is in 1-11%, hypomenorrhea is in 5-21%. 2) In the study of menstrual duration, persons more than one thirds are irregular in thier menstrual amount every menstruation. 3) In the study of MMQ, persons who are irregular in thier menstrual amount every menstruation are in 125persons.(29.76%) 3. Menstrual pain 1) Persons who have slight menstrual pain are in 289 persons(65.98%), the middle is in 86 persons(19.63%) the severe is in 34 persons(7.76%) by MMP. 2) Persons who are irregular in thier menstrual pain every menstruation are in 145 persons.(33.11%) Conclusion : In menstrual cycle, there are more persons who have irregular menstrual cycle than normal.(71.49%) In menstrual duration and amount, more persons have normal menstrual amount.(66-89%) In menstrual pain, persons who have slight menstrual pain are the most.(65.98%)

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was designed to analyze basic data for cold hypersensitivity patients with a questionnaire and investigate correlation between cold hypersensitivity and Heart Rate Variability(HRV). Methods : 49 patients who complain of cold hypersensitivity on hands and feet in ambulatory care were investigated in Oriental Gynecology, Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center and Women medical center, Kangnam Koreana hospital from May 1, 2006 to October 20, 2006. All patients were asked to answer a questionnaire. After careful I examination to rule out other disease which may affect Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging(DITI) and HRV data, patients were taken thermography for the diagnosis of cold hypersensitivity Based on the result of thermography, the patients were divided into two groups(Objective cold hypersensitivity and Subjective cold hypersensitivity). Then, these two groups were compared using HRV data which was measured in the supine position for 5 minutes. Results: 1. For most patients, cold hypersensitivity first developed during puberty. 2. The parts of the body that felt cold first time were hands and feet. 3. The cold sensation was increased in winter or at bedtime Showing that the sensation can be changed according to the level of coldness. 4. Among women who sufferfrom cold hypersensitivity, very few of them were treated. 5. More than half of cold hypersensitivity patients's family member also had a cold hypersensitivity. 6. The decrease in mean values of LF/HF ratio was observed in objective cold hypersensitivity group than subjective cold hypersensitivity group and the decrease was significant(P=0.014) when examined by Student t-test. Conclusions : It is necessary that the cold hypersensitivity patients should be treated carefully considering the facts mentioned above. And it can be suggested that dysautinomia be related with cold hypersensitivity and be evaluated by HRV.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.449-457
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• 2002

The main purpose of this study is to examine the concepts appeared on researches and provide the future research directions in field of child health nursing. A descriptive study was conducted. 205 studies were included in an analysis the concepts in terms of the domain of client for a total 321 researches. All were originally published between 1990 and 2000 in Korea. An analysis of concepts for this study was used the metaparadigm framework for nursing proposed by H.S. Kim(2000). The concepts for this study were categorized by essentialistic concepts, problematic concepts, health-care experiential concepts with the following results. 1. Based on the four domains suggested Kim (2000), 205 studies(63.9％) belong to the domain of client ; 109 studies(34％) belong to the practice domain of nursing; 3 studies(0.9％) belong to the client-nurse domain; and 4 studies belong to the domain of environment, respectively. 2. In the domain of client, 117(57.1％) studies used concept of parent. Among them, mother was the prevailing research population(103 studies). 64 studies(31.2％) used child population and the developmental stage of children varied from preterm to puberty but school aged children was the most target population(28 studies). Family as a concept of client was used in 20 studies(9.8％) but most primary care provider was the mother. 3. In terms of research design, non-experimental design(83.5％) is the most and among them survey was 159 studies(77.6％). Qualitative research(23 studies) and experimental research(10 studies) methods were used relatively few. 4. In terms of the categories of concepts, 196 (61.4％) studies included the essentialistic concepts like stress and coping(20.4％), mothering role and child care(7.8％), health (5.6％), breast feeding(4.7％). 31 studies included problematic concepts like power-lessness, safety, obesity, pain, anxiety. And 65 studies included health-care experiential concepts like compliance, growth, hope, environment but relatively few. The findings of this study provide the evidence that research related problematic concept and health-care experiential concept should be conducted actively to improve the practice of child health nursing. Also to deeply understand the phenomena of client in field of child health nursing, interpretive research methods should be conducted actively, too.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate of gender difference on dietary behavior and food preferences of elementary school children. This survey was carried out through questionnaire method for 274 male and 257 female of the 6th grade elementary school children in Anyang city. By calculating WLI(weight-length index), 26.9% of students were overweight, and 26.2% were under-weight. Average height of male was 147.9cm and that of female was 148.9cm, and their weight was 40.9 kg and 39.2kg respectively. The average BMI(body mass index) was 18.1 kg/㎡. The self-recognition of health status was different according to gender, male recognized better health status than female. There was no significant difference of parents´ education level and the occupation depending on gender. The 56.7% of students had regularly for breakfast, and 60% for lunch and 42.9% for dinner. The female students had irregular meal time more frequently than male did for dinner(p<0.01). They skipped more breakfast(7.0%) than other meals. Reasons of skipping meal were lack of time to eat(50%), boring side-dishes(17.0%) etc. For snacks, choice depends on taste (55.4%), and they bought at the shop nearby (36.5%) and convenience shop(29.9%). They had a meal outside once a month(42.9%), and selected Korean traditional food(52.5%). For almost all of foods male students´ preference showed higher than female except cucumber. Low score of preference was obtained in such as salted vegetables, soy pastes, and fish(shellfish) groups raw or fermented. The preference level was a little higher in such as vegetables & kimchi group and pot stews. The results assert the importance of nutrition education for the students in puberty. It is necessary breakfast should be taken regularly, and therefore we should carry out the education of importance of nutrition and health for children considering the dietary behavior and food preference for balanced diet.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.32 no.5 s.94
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• pp.301-312
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• 2002

Treatment timing is a very important factor to consider in treating skeletal Class III patients by means of maxillary protraction. According to the literature maxillary Protraction should be carried out at an early age before puberty. However, no scientific data were presented to support this statement and recent studies supported by statistical data showed disagreement concerning the optimum treatment time of maxillary protraction. Therefore, there is no agreement about the optimum treatment time of maxillary protraction. In this study hand-wrist X-rays were taken from 119 patients and subjects were grouped into prepubertal and pubertal group according to their skeletal maturity. Pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalometric X-rays were taken and treatment effects were compared. The average treatment time was 6.5 months for the prepubertal group and 6.1 months for the pubertal group. The obtained results were as follows ; 1. The amount of maxillary forward movement was the same for Pretreatment and pubertal group. 2. The amount of maxillary downward movement was the same for prepubertal and pubertal group. 3. The amount of mandibular downward and backward rotational movement was the same for prepubertal and pubertal group. 4. Dental effects were the same for prepubertal and pubertal group.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.493-501
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• 2017

This study aimed to present cosmetic countermeasures for preventing fast aging process in the middle age and accepting healthy aging both physically and mentally by investigating the perception of aging according to the health condition, lifestyle and psychological condition targeting mid-aged women in 40s to 50s residing in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do Province. The data collection period was from July 25 to Sept 1, 2015. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. It was shown that as the age was higher, the menopause ratio was higher, drinking, exercise volume and hours of sleep were reduced and the stress and psychological pressure were higher. According to the menopausal status, the status of facial aging showed a significant difference (${\chi}^2=39.692^{***}$, p<.001), and it also showed a difference according to the status of leisure (hobby) activity (${\chi}^2=22.470^{***}$, p<.01). Also, as higher the age and closer to the menopause in items including the progress of aging, anxiety about aging and improvement efforts, more negative perception was shown, indicating that it is necessary to prepare cosmetic countermeasures for mid-aged women in like a second puberty 40s to 50s although aging and menopause around 50s are very natural. If a beauty alternative is provided, it will help them to have a successful retirement.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2018

Acne is an inflammatory skin disease that occurs in puberty and young people. Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is known to be a major cause of inflammation in acne. P. acnes proliferates within hair follicles blocked by overproduced sebum in the skin, and thereby activates monocytic cells to promote the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we investigated the possibility of Cnestis palala (Lour.) Merr. extract to diminish P. acnes-mediated inflammatory responses. We found that C. palala extract significantly attenuated P. acnes-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions, such as $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, iNOS, and COX-2 in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, we observed that C. palala extract inhibited $NF-{\kappa}B$ transcriptional activation, which is the major transcription factor of inflammatory cytokine expression. Therefore, it is expected that C. palala extract has a potential as a therapeutic agent or supplement for the treatment P. acnes-induced inflammatory responses.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.12
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• pp.1317-1323
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• 2005

Purpose : This study was performed to evaluate the recent frequency of karyotypes in different sex chromosome abnormalities and to evaluate the age and clinical manifestations at diagnosis. Methods : Peripheral blood leukocytes were obtained from subjects who were clinically suspected to have sex chromosome abnormalities and referred to the cytogenetic laboratory in the Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Hospital from February 1981 to August 2001. Results : The relative frequencies of different sex chromosome abnormalities were Klinefelter(52 percent), Turner(42 percent), XXX syndrome(3 percent) and mixed gonadal dysgenesis(3 percent). The populations of different karyotypes in Klinefelter syndrome were 47,XXY(97 percent) and 46,XY/47,XYY(3 percent). The populations of different karyotypes in Turner syndrome were 45,X(67 percent,), mosaicism(23 percent), and structural aberrations(10 percent). The populations of different karyotypes in XXX syndrome were 47,XXX(67 percent,) and 46,XX/47,XXX(33 percent). All mixed gonadal dysgenesis were 45,X/46,XY. Eighty one percent of sex chromosome abnormalities was diagnosed after puberty. Patients diagnosed with Klinefelter and Turner syndrome in infancy showed nearly normal phenotypes or had minor congenital malformations. Conclusion : Early diagnoses of sex chromosome abnormalities is required to prevent associated morbidities and to maximize growth and development. We have to pay careful attention in diagnoses of Turner syndrome because of the high proportion of mosaicism and structural aberrations.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.684-689
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• 2021

In this paper, we develop a cost effective and disposable voltammetric sensing platform involving screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with the nanocomposites composed of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, polyelectrolyte, and tyrosinase for bisphenol A. This is known as an endocrine disruptor which is also related to chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular and female reproductive diseases, precocious puberty, and infertility. A negatively charged oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) wrapped with a positively charged polyelectrolyte, e.g., polydiallyldimethylammonium, was first wrapped with a negatively charged tyrosinae layer via electrostatic interaction and assembled onto oxygen plasma treated SPCE. The nanocomposite modified SPCE was then immersed into different concentrations of bisphenol A for a given time where the tyrosinase reacted with OH group in the bisphenol A to produce the product, 4,4'-isopropylidenebis(1,2-benzoquinone). Cyclic and differential pulse voltammetries at the potential of -0.08 V vs. Ag/AgCl was employed and peak current changes responsible to the reduction of 4,4'-isopropylidenebis(1,2-benzoquinone) were measured which linearly increased with respect to the bisphenol A concentration. In addition, the SPCE based sensor showed excellent selectivity toward an interferent agent, bisphenol S, which has a very similar structure. Finally, the sensor was applied to the analysis of bisphenol A present in an environmental sample solution prepared in our laboratory.