• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.263-280
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• 2000

This survey was conducted to investigated the status of nutritional consumption and relationship of nutrition of patients in hospitals from 1998.9.1 to 1998.9.10. Calorie intake of male patients was lower than RDA but that of female patients were higher than RDA except female younger than 64 years old. Protein intake of male patients was 130% higher than RDA, and that of female patients was 150% more than RDA. Calcium intake was lower than RDA in male patients but higher than RDA in female patients except older than 75 years. Iron intake was higher than RDA in all patients except in male patients older than 75 years. while vitamin B$_1$and vitamin C intake was higher than RDA in all patients but vitamin A and niacin intake was lower than RDA. The rich patients intake enough iron through animal foods and stabilized patients intake vitamin B$_2$ more than RDA. All patients were recognized the importance of protein and vegetable for health and they were recognized also careful choosing of foods for health. Positive relationships were showed between intake of nutritional tablet and nutritional status, between less vegetable intake and less intake of calorie, fat, sugar and fiber and between appetite and vitamin B$_1$ and vitamin C. The result showed that the shorter period staying in hospital, the more intake of sugar, vitamin A and vitamin C.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2010

A substantial body of evidence has emerged over the last decade in support of the novel concept that dietary calcium and dairy foods play an important role in regulating energy metabolism and thereby promote healthy weight management and reduce obesity risk. This concept has been demonstrated in experimental animals studies, cross-sectional and prospective population studies and a number of randomized clinical trials. Notably, the effects of dairy foods in weight management are more consistent than the effects of supplemental calcium across clinical trials, and calcium per se is responsible for approximately 40-50% of the effects of dairy. The calcium component is only effective in individuals with chronically low calcium intake, as it serves to prevent the endocrine response to low calcium diets which otherwise favors adipocyte energy storage; calcium also serves to promote energy loss via formation of calcium soaps in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby reduce fat absorption. The calcium-independent anti-obesity bioactivity of dairy resides primarily in whey. The key components identified to date are leucine and bioactive peptides resulting from whey protein digestion. The high concentration of leucine in whey stimulates a repartitioning of dietary energy from adipose tissue to skeletal muscle where it provides the energy required for leucine-stimulated protein synthesis, resulting in increased loss of adipose tissue and preservation of skeletal muscle mass during weight loss. Finally, dairy rich diets suppress the oxidative and inflammatory responses to obesity and thereby attenuate the diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk associated with obesity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1142-1149
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• 2002

This study was designed to standardize recipe and analyze the nutrients of Aguyjjim (stewed angler), a kind of native local foods in Busan. The results of this study are summarized as follows. The form of angler and its way to catch for a bait were recorded in Jasanobo, but the recipe was not written. While angler was used as manure or feed once, it was boomed for Aguyjjim since 80's, accredited as high-quality fish and protein-rich food. The standard recipe of Aguyjjim was prepared (through 3 times experimental cooking), being based on the recipe of cookbooks and restaurants. Then standard recipe was subjected to sensory evaluation. All sensory properties (appearance, smell, texture etc.) of Aguyiiim were evaluated as “like slight S, moderately”in hedonic scale. Energy per 100 g of the Aguyjjim was 89 kcal. It contained protein (10.7 g), fat (1.3 g), fiber (2.6 g), Ca (45 mg), Fe (1.3 mg) and so on. Amino acid is mainly comprised glutamic acid and aspartic acid. Free amino acid contents such as asparagine, glutamic acid, taurine were high. Fatty acid primarily consisted of unsaturated fatty acid like oleic acid, linoleic acid. Traditional foods are based on that of local foods. However, there has been little study looking into the recipes and nutritional value of local foods. Aiming at development of traditional food, the present study offered the standard cuisine of Aguyiiim that is a kind of local foods in Busan. In addition, it presented the composition of nutrients, amino acids and fatty acids. This data would be helpful for houses, restaurants and food service facilities to revive the local foods.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.733-739
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• 1966

A 371 agricultural households from 26 different communities in South Korea was subjected on a study of food taboos in January of 1966. To the pregnant women, those to whom a high protein diet is particurally important, as many as 14 different kinds of foods, mostly portein rich foods, were avoided to eat. It is believed that if duck is eaten while pregnant her baby may walk like a duck in later life. Some mother have a strong aversion to the rabbit meat that her unborn baby must be a harelip. It is feared to eat chicken, shark or carp by the pregnant mother for her baby may get a gooseflesh appearance, or fish scale-like skin in later life. It is thought that if mother eats soup made of meat borns, especially chicken bones, a disfigured baby may be born. Some area informed that if mother eats crab meat her future baby will always bubble. To the child-bearing mothers 13 different kinds of foods were avoided to eat. Some believe that if raddish kimchi, soybean curd, squash are eaten while dilivery that mother may get dental decay or to lose all her teeth. Other think that highly spiced raddish kimchi cause delivery difficult. To the lactating mothers 7 different items of foods were not recommended to eat. It is a common belief that eating green vegetables, especially fresh lettuce, are restricted that her baby may stool greenish. It is said that eating ginsen-chicken soup, or ginsen tea during lactating reduces breast milk secretion. To the weaning babies 7 different kinds of foods were prohibited to fee. Eggs are not eaten because mothers think her babies will start to talk very late. Eight different items of foods in cases of gastro-intestinal diseases, 5 items for liver disease, 7 items for high blood pressure as well as for paralysis were respectively restricted. It is said that meats including pork, beef, and chicken are neither desirable for the patients of high blood pressure nor those of paralysis. To the measles children 10 varieties of foods were restricted. Especially soybean products and meats were not encouraged to use for avoiding asecond attack of measles. For the common cold 8 different kinds of foods were aversed and men think that eating of soup of undria delays a recovery. For the tuberculosis 4 kinds of foods were prohibited to eat. It is said that wine, red pepper and ginsen will stimulate lung bleeding. Many mothers had a strong aversion to fermented shrimp and fish in case of style. and 5 different items of foods were restricted. In case of menstration not so many foods were restricted as other cases, but meat soup is not eaten in this condition in some areas. Majority of food taboos in Korean villages are neither based on tribal nor religious factors. But no one knows how, since what ages, from where, these food taboos have been transmitted and spread over the country. This survey found a great variety of food taboos, aversions, traditional beliefs and prohibitions latent unknown reseasons, or non-scientific conceptions, or completely different ideas from the modern medical aspect, or somewhat fallacious and superstitious beliefs. For the vascular disease contrasting approach were found between modern the oritical therapy and popular remedy among the rural populations who largely depend on the eastern medication. Further scientific study on either side should be done to lead the patient proper way. Many restricted foods such as rabbit, duck, chicken and fish are best resources of protein rich foods which are available in the village. Emphasis should be laid upon breaking down fallacious and supersititious food taboos through the extended nutrition education activities in order to improve food habit and good eating pattern for healthier and stronger generations of Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition Conference
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• 2001.12a
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• pp.61-68
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• 2001

Soybean, rice and nuts are the staple foods in South East Asia. In order to clarify the function of these foods in relation to coronary heart diseases, we have done a series of experiments using animals and humans. Soybean protein preparations (SPI) in comparison with an animal protein, casein (CAS), resulted in reducing atherosclerotic lesion development in apolipoprotein (apo) E deficient mice that develop an advanced lesion similar to that in humans. This action was attributed to the protein, since the ethanol-extracted SPI (EE-SPI), from which isoflavones and saponins removed, lowered the lesion development in apo E-deficient mice. However, The EE-SPI, compared to the SPI, resulted in a decrease of mRNA for key proteins of cholesterol metabolism (low density lipoprotein receptor and cholesterol 7$\alpha$-hydroxylase) in hypercholesterolemic rats, followed by an elevation of the serum cholesterol level, indicating a contribution of isoflavones to the serum cholesterol level. Rice protein (RPI) was also effective to lower the lesion development in apo E deficient mice. Both the SPI and RPI led to an increased level of the serum NOiN03, metabolites of NO. This effect appeared to be attributed to their high content of arginine. Besides, C57BL/6J mice fed a diet containing whole grain rice had an elevation of the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Furthermore, rice bran oil and the unsaponifiable fraction that is rich in plant sterols were effective to lower serum cholesterol levels in hypercholeserolemic rats. Finally, we tested if walnuts consumption would be hypocholesterolemic for Japanese. A diet containing walnuts effectively lowered the serum total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in Japanese men and women. These animal and human experiments would be relevant to advocate publics to keep consuming diets including soybean, rice and nuts for their healthful life.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutrient intake, eating behaviors and health-related lifestyles of Korean non-nutrition major college students after they took a nutrition course. The subjects were 40 male and 147 female students at a university in Inchon. The results are summarized as follows: Average height of male and female students was 176.2 and 162.0 cm, respectively. Average weight was 66.2 and 52.3 kg, respectively. Average intake of calories, protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, and Ca was lower than Korean RDA. Fe intake of female students was lower than Korean RDA. Most students have had dietary problems such as overeating, eating unbalanced meals, and skipping meals. More than 60% of the students skipped breakfast. The main reason for skipping meals was lack of time. Most students didnt exercise regularly. About 40% of the students took vitamin or mineral supplements. As for smoking and alcohol use, 11.3% of the students drank alcohol and smoked, and 74.2% of them only drank alcohol. More than 30% of the students drank alcohol once a week. Most students ate out twice a week, and chose their based on taste rather than nutritional value. The main reason for eating out was simply to enjoy a meal. More than 60% of the students ate at places in or around campus. After taking the nutrition course, intake of milk and other dairy products, vegetables, fruits and protein-rich foods increased in female students. For both male and female students, intake of fat, sugar, processed foods, soft drinks, fried foods and spices decreased. Therefore, nutrition education had effect on non-nutrition major students, suggesting that proper nutrition education encouraged healthy eating habits on the part of college students.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6527-6534
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• 2015

Background: In Japan, in comparison with the rest of the world the death rate of lung cancer is low although the smoking rate is relatively high. This is the so-called "Japanese smoking paradox". A healthy diet is proposed to attenuate the risk without quitting smoking. We here examined the relationships between smoking status (SS) and the consumption of food and nutrient in Japan. Materials and Methods: Totals of 5,587 men and 2,718 women were divided into three (non-smokers, smokers and heavy smokers) and two (non-smokers and smokers) groups, respectively, according to pack-year, which represents the amount of smoking over a long period. Food and nutrient consumption was estimated with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Using general linear models, food and nutrient consumption was estimated for each group in men and women, separately. Results: In men, SS was positively related to consumption of rice, 3 alcoholic beverages, carbohydrate, alcohol and other 8 foods/nutrients (p< 0.05 for all) and negatively to those of protein animal, fat, fatty acids, dietary fiber, isoflavones and 36 other foods/nutrients (p<0.05 for all). In women, SS was positively associated with intake of 13 foods/nutrients, while being negatively associated with those of rice, energy, dietary fiber, and 14 other foods/nutrients (p<0.05 for all). Conclusions: Our results support lower intake of vegetables and fruits rich in antioxidants, which are thought as preventive factors for many diseases, in smokers.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.366-377
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to compare intake of energy nutrients, physical characteristics, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to protein intake group. Methods: Subjects were 827 men aged 40-65 years. The results presented were based on data from the 2012-2013 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and analyzed using SPSS. The odds ratio (OR) of metabolic syndrome was assessed according to the protein intake group and intake pattern of protein-rich foods. Results: The mean of protein intake was $73.96{\pm}0.71g$. According to level of protein intake, four groups (deficient, normal, excess 1, excess 2) were created and their percentages were 8.3%, 39.6%, 37.1%, and 15.0% respectively. The mean of daily energy intake was $2,312.33{\pm}24.08kcal$. It was higher in excess group 2 than in the deficiency group (p < 0.001). Moreover, the intake of all energy nutrients increased significantly with protein intake group (p < 0.001). The main contribution to daily protein included mixed grains ($10.96{\pm}0.32g$), milled rice ($7.14{\pm}0.30g$), chicken ($3.50{\pm}0.21g$), and grilled pork belly ($3.04{\pm}0.16g$). With regard to physical characteristics, and blood pressure and blood test results, only body mass index increased significantly according to protein intake groups (p < 0.05). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in subjects was 38.5%, and there was no significant correlation with protein intake group. The OR of metabolic syndrome increased with protein intake, and was higher 4.452 times in excess group 2 than in the normal group (p < 0.05). Conversely, the OR of metabolic syndrome according to the frequency of protein-rich food intake did not show a significant correlation. Conclusions: The results of this study can be used as significant supporting data to establish guidelines for protein intake in middle-aged men.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.3-9
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• 1984

Preference on protein rich foods of 103 children, aged 4 to 6, of kindergarten located in Masan Jin-hea, Chang-won cities, was conducted April 25 to May 4, 1983. The results are summarized as follows ; 1) Seventy six percent of the subjects were from families having two three children, without grandmothers in the home About 43% of mother had completed high school, 37% had completed middle school. Mothers' ages ranged from 26 to 50 years, with 57.3% in the 31-40 age bracket. About 63% of the fathers were office and government employees, while 77.6% of mothers were unemployed. 2) Over 50% of the children disliked or refused pork, thick beef soup, liver, soybean, oyster, clam, anchovy, croaker, mackerel, loach, hairtail, porgy, flatfish, a walleye, pollack, a dried walleye pollack, a sciaenoid fish. Taste bad, the characteristic fragrance and lack of experience were the main reasons why the children refused these foods. Over 33% of the children were unexperienced liver, ribs of beef. the small intestine of cattle, a loach, an eel. Over 50% liked milk, egg, dried filefish, sausage, a cattlefish, beef, chicken, a crab, shrimp, bean curd. 3) Most of children hoped that their daily meals should be made in prettier, more sabory, and various ways. Mothers also hoped to have practical knowledge of nutrition and its influence on our body.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.716-729
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• 2011

This study aimed to plan nutrition support programs for the elderly living alone whose nutrition status were seriously concerned, conducted seven stages nutrition intervention program on a trial basis, and evaluated the effectiveness of the program of the Elderly Nutrition Support Project. Subjects were selected for personalized nutrition management based on nutritional risk score and nutrition intervention were tailored to the problems occurred. The elderly nutrition support program targets were 44 senior citizens who lived alone with low income. The 33 (as Type 1) of the subjects with whom milk, tofu, seaweed, eggs, black beans have been supported, and also provide nutrition education, and the rest 11 persons (as Type 2) to whom food was not supported but provide nutrition education programs. As a result, all subjects showed that compared with pre and post program implementation, their daily exercise time and milk and protein consumption level were increased and some improvement was observed regular meals consumption and low-salt diets. Their nutrient intake level such as calories, protein, calcium, iron improved after implementation. In addition, NSL DETERMINE scores significantly improved from 13.21 to 7.24 in Type 1 and 11.27 to 9.91 in Type 2. As positive dietary behavioral changes were observed as in that they purchased more protein and calcium rich foods.