• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.9-22
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• 1989

The effect of different levels of Zn (0, 30, 300ppm) and protein(7, 20, 40%) in the diet upon lipid metabolism was investigated in Sprague-Dawley male rats weighting 180.54$\pm$29.08g(n=450 fed one of nine diets in a 3$\times$3 factorial design for 5 weeks. The reults obtained were summarized as following. 1) Total lipid contents in serum and liver were tended to be lower in LZn group than CZn and Hzn groups. Those of LP group were higher than CP and HP groups. 2) HDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol contents in serum were significantly affected by dietary Zinc level and were increased as dietary Zinc level increase. 3) Total cholesterol in liver and muscle were tended to be decrease as dietary Zinc level increase. Those in LP group were higher than CP and HP groups. 4) Zinc contents in plasma, liver, muscle and testis were tended to be lower in LZn group than CZn and HZn groups. 5) Protein contents in plasma and liver lower in LZn group than CZn and HZn groups when dietary protein level was 7% and 20%. Those in LP group were lower than those in CP and HP groups. 6) Cu contents in plasma, liver, muscle and testis were tended to be decreased as dietary Zinc level increase.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.317-321
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• 2008

Macrophages play a key role in iron metabolism by recycling iron through erythrophagocytosis. Ferroportin-l (FPN1) is a transporter protein that is known to mediate iron export from macrophages. Since divalent metals often interact with iron metabolism, we examined if divalent metals could regulate the expression of FPN1 in macrophages. J774 macrophage cells were treated with copper, manganese, zinc, or cobalt at 10, 50, or $100\;{\mu}M$ for 16 to 24 h. Then, FPN1 mRNA and protein levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analyses, respectively. In addition, effects of divalent metals on FPN1 promoter activity were examined by luciferase reporter assays. Results showed that copper significantly increased FPN1 mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner. The copper-induced expression of FPN1 mRNA was associated with a corresponding increase in FPN1 protein levels. Also, copper directly stimulated the activity of FPN1 promoter-driven reporter construct. In contrast, manganese and zinc had no effect on the FPN1 gene expression in J774 cells. Interestingly, cobalt treatment in J774 cells decreased FPN1 protein levels without affecting FPN1 mRNA levels. In conclusion, our study results demonstrate that divalent metals differentially regulate FPN1 expression in macrophages and indicate a potential interaction of divalent metals with the FPN1-mediated iron export in macrophages.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.1483-1494
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• 2024

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of slaughter age on carcass traits, meat quality, and the relative mRNA levels of lipid metabolism-related genes in different muscles of Taihang black goats. Methods: In this study, the triceps brachii (TB), longissimus dorsi (LD) and gluteus (GL) muscles of 15 grazing Taihang black goats slaughtered at the age of 2, 3, and 4 (designated as 2-year-old, 3-year-old, and 4-year-old, respectively) were collected. The differences in carcass shape, meat quality, amino acid composition and lipid metabolism gene expression among Taihang black goats of different ages and from different plant parts were compared. Results: Compared with goats at other ages, goats slaughtered at the age of 4 had greater live and carcass weights, meat weights, bone weights and skin areas (p<0.05). LD in the 4-years-old had the lowest cooking loss and moisture content. The crude protein content in the LD of 2-year-old was significantly greater than that in the other age group, and at the age of 2, the LD had the highest crude protein content than TB and GL. The highest fat content was in LD, followed by TB, for goats slaughtered at the age of 4. Eight out of 9 essential amino acids had higher content in the TB compared with other muscles, regardless of age. The total essential amino acid content was highest in the 4-year-old and lowest in the GL muscle at the age of 3. The sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) genes were significantly more abundant in the TB muscle than in the other muscles for goats slaughtered at the age of 2. At the age of 4, the ATGL and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) genes were significantly more abundant in the GL than in the LD, while the fatty acid synthase (FAS) genes were significantly less abundant in the GL than in the other muscles. Similarly, compared with those in goats of other ages, the relative mRNA expression levels of the FAS and heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) genes in goats slaughtered at the age of 4 were the highest, and the relative mRNA expression of the PPARγ gene was the lowest (p<0.05). The relative mRNA expression of the H-FABP and FAS genes was positively correlated with the intramuscular fat (IMF) content, while the relative mRNA expression levels of the PPARγ and ATGL genes was negatively correlated with the IMF content. Conclusion: Overall, a better nutritional value was obtained for TB from 4-year-old goats, in which the total essential amino acid and fat contents were greater than those of other muscles. The comprehensive action of lipid metabolism genes was consistent with that of the IMF content, among which the FAS, H-FABP, PPARγ, and ATGL genes had positive and negative effects on the process of IMF deposition in Taihang black goats.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.1142-1148
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• 2020

Mitochondria play a vital role in iron uptake and metabolism in pathogenic fungi, and also influence virulence and drug tolerance. However, the regulation of iron transport within the mitochondria of Cryptococcus neoformans, a causative agent of fungal meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised individuals, remains largely uncharacterized. In this study, we identified and functionally characterized Mrs3/4, a homolog of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial iron transporter, in C. neoformans var. grubii. A strain expressing an Mrs3/4-GFP fusion protein was generated, and the mitochondrial localization of the fusion protein was confirmed. Moreover, a mutant lacking the MRS3/4 gene was constructed; this mutant displayed significantly reduced mitochondrial iron and cellular heme accumulation. In addition, impaired mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster metabolism and altered expression of genes required for iron uptake at the plasma membrane were observed in the mrs3/4 mutant, suggesting that Mrs3/4 is involved in iron import and metabolism in the mitochondria of C. neoformans. Using a murine model of cryptococcosis, we demonstrated that an mrs3/4 mutant is defective in survival and virulence. Taken together, our study suggests that Mrs3/4 is responsible for iron import in mitochondria and reveals a link between mitochondrial iron metabolism and the virulence of C. neoformans.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2015

Castration induces the accumulation of body fat and deposition of intramuscular fat in Korean cattle, resulting in improved beef quality. However, little is known about the metabolic adaptations in the liver following castration. To understand changes in lipid metabolism following castration, hepatic expression levels of lipid metabolism genes were compared between Korean bulls and steers. Steers had higher (p<0.001) hepatic lipids contents and higher (p<0.01) mRNA levels of lipogenic acetyl-CoA carboxylase. This differential gene expression may, in part, contribute to increased hepatic lipid content following the castration of bulls. However, we found no differences in the hepatic expression levels of genes related to triglyceride synthesis (mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 and 2) and fatty acid (FA) oxidation (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, C-4 to C-12 straight chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase) between bulls and steers. No differences in gene expression for very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion, including apolipoprotein B mRNA and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) protein, were observed in the liver although MTTP mRNA levels were higher in steers compared to bulls. In conclusion, FA synthesis may contribute to increased hepatic lipid deposition in steers following castration. However, hepatic lipid metabolism, including triglyceride synthesis, FA oxidation, and VLDL secretion, was not significantly altered by castration. Our results suggest that hepatic lipid metabolism does not significantly contribute to increased body fat deposition in steers following castration.

• 한국유가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유가공기술과힉회 2007년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.39-47
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• 2007

골은 지속적으로 재형성이 일어나며, 오래된 골을 흡수하는 파골세포와 새로운 골을 생성하는 조골세포의 균형에 의하여 항상성이 유지된다. 골대사의 건전성을 측정하기 위한 골흡수 표시자에는 tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, pyridinium 연결부위, 콜라겐 telopeptide 등이 있으며, 골 형성 표시자로는 골 유래 alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, procollagen I extension peptide를 사용할 수 있다. 골밀도를 증진하기 위한 기능성 소재로는 milk basic protein, lactoferrin 등이 있으며, 우유의 유산균 발효과정에 의하여 생산되는 생리활성 펩타이드도 골밀도의 증진에 기여할 수 있다. Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393을 이용하여 생산한 발효분해물은 다양한 조골세포의 생화학적 지표 평가와 동물실험 결과를 근거로 할 때 조골세포의 증식과 분화를 촉진하고 파골세포의 활성을 억제시킴으로써 골대사를 개선할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.174-179
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 인삼 잎으로부터 정제한 mRNA를 이용하여 cDNA library를 제작하였다. 이 cDNA library로 부터 349개의 에너지 대사 관련 유전자를 선발 하였다. 에너지 대사 관련 유전자의 평균 사이즈는 0.49 kb이며, 에너지 관련 유전자들의 세부 기능별 발현을 분석한 결과 aerobic respiration(48.4%), accessory proteins of electron transport and membrane associated energy conservation(17.2%), glycolysis and gluconeogenesis(3.4%), electron transport and membrane associated energy conservation(2.9%), respiration(2.0%), glycolysis methylglyoxal byp-ass(1.7%), metabolism of energy reserves(0.6%)와 alcohol fermentation(0.3%)의 분포를 보였다. 인삼 잎에서 발현되는 유전자중 가장 많이 발현된 Chlorophyll a/b binding protein of IhcII type I(36.6%), Photosystem II oxygen-evolving complex protein(6.6%) 등이 발현되었다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.66-68
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• 2008

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.253-262
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigated the effect of dietary fat sources on renal senescence in aged rats. Seventeen month old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups according to urinary protein excretion. Four month old rats were used as a control group. The rats were fed one of three different experimental diets ; 20% beef tallow, 20% corn oil 20% fish oil diet. They were fed experimental diets ad libitum for 16 weeks . The results are summarized as follows. Serum lipid concentrations were higher in aged rats than in control rats, with the beef tallow group showing the highest level, followed by the corn oil and fish oil groups. Old rats showed higher HDL and lower LDL levels than the control groups. Age and dietary fat had no effect on VLDL. GFR for the both age groups were increased with experimental period with the beef tallow group showing the highest value. Urinary protein excretion was also increased with experimental period in both age groups. There was a large increase in urinary protein in old rats that were fed beef tallow and corn oil, but not in old rats fed fish oil. On the contrary , the effect of dietary fat on urinary protein was not found in control groups. There was individual susceptibility in the effect of dietary fat on urinary protein. Old rats fed beef tallow with high initial urinary protein showed highest increase, but , the change was not significant in rats with a low initial value . It was also found that the increase was kept low in rats of the fish oil group with high initial urinary protein. The corn oil group showed in between values. There were no differences in urine and renal tissue concentrations of TXB2 . Aged rats showed a tendency of having higher urinary PGE2 excretion and lower renal cortex content. Since higher PGE2 excretion was reported to be associated with decreased renal function, this might suggest that the aged rats show renal function reduction. Light microscopic examination showed that glomerular segmental sclerosis, mesangial matrix expansion and tubular atrophy were more frequently present in aged rats, and that these changes were more significant in the beef tallow group, followed by corn oil and fish oil groups. The percentage of urinary protein excretion was increased in aged rats in association with increased glomerular sclerosis and mesangial matrix . This change could be partly due to a change in eicosanoids metabolism . Therefore, modification of dietary fat could affect the eicosanoids metabolism in kidney and renal senescence.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5333-5338
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• 2012

Vitamin B6 functions as a coenzyme in >140 enzymatic reactions involved in the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, neurotransmitters, and lipids. It comprises a group of three related 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-pyrimidine derivatives: pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxal (PL), pyridoxamine (PM) and their phosphorylated derivatives [pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP)], In the folate metabolism pathway, PLP is a cofactor for the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic isozymes of serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT2 and SHMT1), the P-protein of the glycine cleavage system, cystathionine ${\beta}$-synthase (CBS) and ${\gamma}$-cystathionase, and betaine hydroxymethyltransferase (BHMT), all of which contribute to homocysteine metabolism either through folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism or the transsulfuration pathway. Folate cofactors carry and chemically activate single carbons for the synthesis of purines, thymidylate and methionine. So the evidence indicates that vitamin B6 plays an important role in maintenance of the genome, epigenetic stability and homocysteine metabolism. This article focuses on studies of strand breaks, micronuclei, or chromosomal aberrations regarding protective effects of vitamin B6, and probes whether it is folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism or the transsulfuration pathway for vitamin B6 which plays critical roles in prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease.