• Animal cells and systems
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.293-299
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• 2002

We investigated seasonal variation of diurnal activity patterns in Jeiu ponies (Equus caballus). The data were collected from a semi-natural herd during daylight hours from March to September 1998. Over all months the mean proportion of time spent grazing was 83.7% ( $\pm$29.7 S.D.): that resting was 15.7$\pm$17%, grooming 0.7$\pm$1.2%, and moving 0.56$\pm$5.4%, Activity patterns varied with the seasons. The mean proportion of grazing mares peaked during late winter and early spring (March), when there was not enough food, and declined during other seasons (between May and September), when food was abundant. The mean proportion of mares that were resting and mutual grooming peaked in spring (April and May), at which time the weather was warm and food became abundant. During other seasons when grasses started to grow and the weather was mildly cool, these activities were less common. The mean proportion of mares that were moving peaked in June, although it was a small proportion of the total activity. For those mares without foals, resting periods were longer in older mares than in younger mares, but for the mares with foals this pattern was not evident. From these data, we hypothesize that the dominance hierarchy of the mares effects the diurnal activity pattern.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.1-18
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• 2010

Plural governance system in which firms use vertical integration and market governance simultaneously are widely used across various marketing context. Typical examples of plural governance include franchise systems, in which firms own and operate some unit themselves while licensing the operation of some of their units to franchisees. Despite many scholars have attempted to explore the structure of plural governance over decades, there are few insights into its determinants. In this study, we examine the relationship between the proportion of outlets franchised and several franchisor's characteristics based on the perspectives of transaction cost analysis, resource scarcy theory and agency theory. Using franchisor data in Korean Franchise Disclosure Document over the 2006-2009 period, we test the effect of franchisor size, system growth rate, franchise fee, initial investment, and risk sharing on the proportion of outlets franchised. Except for the effect of system growth rate, the results of a series of multiple regression analysis supported the negative effects of franchisor size, franchise fee, initial investment and risk sharing on the proportion of outlets franchised.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.19-27
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• 2023

PURPOSE: This investigation in the study aimed to assess to determine proportion and susceptibility makers of sarcopenia in Korean younger female aged 30 to 39 years. METHODS: To address the complex sampling design of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, appropriate individual weights were incorporated into the analysis. The data employed a stratified, clustered, multistage probability sampling design. A total of 2,098 participants were enrolled and categorized into two groups based on their skeletal muscle mass index scores. One hundred and twenty-four individuals were placed in the sarcopenia group, while 2,024 were allocated to a normal group. The study examined various markers as variables, including age, height, weight, body mass index waist circumference, skeletal muscle mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels, and smoking and drinking habits. RESULTS: The study found that proportion of sarcopenia in this population was 3.78% (CI: 2.89-4.94) in sarcopenia group and 96.22% (CI: 95.06-97.11) in normal with weighed values. Several susceptibilities including height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol levels were risk factor for sarcopenia (p < .05), exhibited significant differences between the sarcopenia and normal groups. CONCLUSION: This investigation provides the proportion of sarcopenia and identifies relevant susceptibility markers among community dwelling younger women in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.425-433
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• 2023

We determined physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activities of cookies prepared by replacing wheat flour with 0, 3, 6, and 9% freeze-dried burdock powder instead of wheat flour. The leavening and loss rates of the cookies decreased in proportion to the amount of burdock powder added to the dough. The moisture content of the cookies increased in proportion to the amount of burdock powder added and the crude protein and hardness were higher in the burdock-added group compared to the control. The lightness and yellowness of the cookies decreased, and the redness increased in proportion to the amount of burdock powder added. The total flavonoid and polyphenol compounds in the cookies increased in proportion to the amounts of burdock powder added. The antioxidant activities also tended to increase in proportion to the amount of burdock powder added. Based on the above results, adding burdock powder to cookies can increase antioxidant activity by increasing the content of antioxidant components, such as polyphenols and flavonoids. In addition, it is believed that adding burdock powder at levels of 3 to 9% of the weight of flour would result in cookies with spreadability, swelling power, and hardness similar to those of regular cookies.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.55-60
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• 1973

The statistical interpretations are on the correlations and the linear regressions between the various meteorological conditions the branch Pusan-Observatory of the National-Central-Meteorological-Observatory had measured from 1930 to 1962, and the production of silk worm cocon that the Section of Sericulture in the Ministry of Agriculture ＆ Fishery had recorded from 1930 to 1962 in Gyung Sang Nam Do Korea. These were most in proportion to the sun shine time, an inverse proportion to the atmosphere humidity and the lowest temperature, in proportion to the mean temperature, the highest temperature and the amount of the rain fall. The correlations and linear regressions between the various meteorological factors to control the production of the silkworm cocoon of both per a box of the silk worm egg and per 10a of mulberry field was as follows. (1) The production of the spring silk worm cocoon was dicided by the various meteorological factors. 1. This was in proportion to the total sun shine time between 5 and 6 month. r=0.40＊-(0.42$^{**}$) Y=0.0269$\chi$＋6.46-(0.2795$\chi$＋10.25) 2. This was an inverse proportion to the total amount between 5 and 6 month atmosphere humidity. r=-0.49$^{***}$-(-0.40＊) Y=-0.2989$\chi$＋62.77-(0.1474$\chi$＋31.86) 3. This wasin proportion to the total rain fall amount between 6 and 7 month. r=0.47$^{***}$-(0.44$^{***}$) Y=0.0037$\chi$＋16.42-(0.0035$\chi$＋8.35) (2) The production of the autumn silk worm cocoon was decided by the various meteorological factors. 1. This was in proportion to the total sun shine time between 5 and 6 month. r=0.37＊-(0.45$^{***}$) Y=0.0205$\chi$＋5.51-(0.0173$\chi$＋2.41) 2. This was an inverse proportion to the total amount between 5 and 6 month atmosphere humidity. r=-0.41$^{**}$-(-0.42$^{**}$) Y=-0.2085$\chi$＋45.33-(-0.0599$\chi$＋12.17) 3. This was in proportion to the total of rain fall amount of 6 and 7 month. r=0.48$^{***}$-(0.35＊) Y=0.0050$\chi$＋11.97-( ) 4. This was in proportion to the total sun shine time among 3, 4, 5, and 6 month. r=0.51$^{****}$-(0.49$^{***}$) Y=0.0178$\chi$-1.27-(0.0096$\chi$-3.60) 5. This was an inverse proportion to the total amount among 3, 4, 5, and 6 month atmosphere humidity r=-0.41/$^{**}$-(-0.44$^{***}$) Y=-0.0938$\chi$＋40.14-(-0.05693$\chi$＋20.49) 6. This was in proportion to the total of a year sun shine time. r=0.58$^{****}$-(0.43) Y=0.0037$\chi$＋5.35-(0.0015$\chi$＋1.02) (3) The production of the next year spring silk worm cocoon was decided by the this year various meteorological factors. 1. This was in proportion to the total of a year sun shine time. r=0.55$^{****}$-(0.52$^{****}$) Y=0.0034$\chi$＋12.02-(0.0025$\chi$＋3.84).>＋3.84).3.84).>＋3.84).

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.877-887
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• 2003

A two-stage procedure is proposed to estimate the population proportion of a sensitive group. The proposed procedure is obtained by combining the direct question method and a modified randomized response technique. It is verified that the proposed procedure is more efficient than existing methods under some mild conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1179-1189
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• 2007

In this paper, we estimate the proportion of individuals having health insurance in a given year for several small domains cross-classified by age, sex and other demographic characteristics using the data provided by the National Center for Health Statistics(NCHS). We employ Bayesian as well as frequentist methodology to obtain small domain estimates and the associated measures of precision. One of the new features of our study is that we utilize the survey weights along with the model to derive the small domain estimates.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.329-334
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• 1997

Most of domestic pavement were non-permeable. However, in foreign country although it wasn't entirely satisfied, porous pavement was partially utilized with footpaths and soft-roadways. In this study, experiments were carried out to investigate the properties fundamental of porous concrete pavement. As a result of experiments, it was concluded that the coefficient of permeability was increased in proportion to continuous void ratio and decreased in proportion to S/a ratio and unit cement contents. On the other hand, the strength of porous concrete pavement was in inverse proportion to the void ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.183-191
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• 2004

This paper shows that there are some extra-factors on the evaluation of lecture by students. The extra-factors are sex, day and nighttime, academic year, size of lecture, and grades. And this paper analysis the proportion of the student which put the same mark on all items(same marked proportion).

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.4
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• pp.225-248
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to examine the change of the shape of sponge cake in proportion to the raw material mixture and the degree of dough. It is examined that the measures of the degree of dough in proportion to the material mixture, and the sense examination and measure of moisture with this sponge cake. The test results indicate that 50% sponge cake is most soft among the ratio of other material mixtures, and sponge cake is more soft as the degree of dough is lower. Therefore, the shape of sponge cake is greatly changed in proportion to the mixture of materials and the degree of dough.