• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2021

Purpose: Swimming industry is improving faster than the other types of sport industries and populations of participating swimming are promptly increasing. Lack of recognition of fire safety in swimming facilities is issues related-studies has only recently begun to pay attention. This study is to review and extract fire safety factors for managing swimming pool. Research design, data, and methodology: The study reviewed related-ordinances, governmental documents, and studies discussing safety management of sport facility. Given the literature review, the study produced an initial construct presenting items and factors including fire safety elements and experts' review were conducted to ensure conceptual validity. Finally, the study generated the final factors and subitems representing fire safety elements for swimming pool management. Results: The study confirms factors and elements as follows: the study identifies fire safety equipments as first factors presenting fire extinguisher' place, its proper run, check list and so forth, Second factor is warning system including fire warning equipment, its proper operation, sprinkler and its proper operation, switch and lamp of emergency panel and their proper run and so on. Third factor is evacuation system including a fire exit, exit sign, broadcasting equipment, and their proper operation, and so on. The other factors are an electronic equipment and its subelements, gas management including safety management of LPG, gas valve, pipe, and fire prevention facility including a fire door and its proper operating. Conclusions: Regarding safety management of swimming pool, further discussions and implications were made, and future directions for related-studies were discussed.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.56 no.10
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• pp.1731-1737
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• 2007

The Korea electricity wholesale market is operated under the cost-based-pool system and the government regulation to the new generation capacities in order to insure the resource adequacy. The goal of government's regulation is the electricity market stability by attracting proper generation investment while keeping the reliability of system. Generation companies must mandatory observe that government plan by now. But if the restructuring is to be complete, generation companies should not bear any obligation to invest unless their profitability is guaranteed. Namely the investors' behavior will be affected by the market prices. In this paper, the system dynamics model for Korea wholesale electricity market to examine whether competitive market can help to stabilize is developed and analyzes the investors behavior. The simulation results show that market controlled by government will be operated stable without resulting in price spike but there is no lower price because of maintaining the reasonable reserve margin. However, if the competition is introduced and the new investment is determined by the investor's decision without government intervention, the benefits from lower wholesale price are expected. Nevertheless, the volatility in the wholesale market increases, which increases the investment risks.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2002

Calculation of proper expenses on acquisition and purchasing defense product is matter of survival and weighing the morality for both defense industry and the national facilities. With this reason, both parties have been a big job to estimate the resonable cost. The cost are composed of many subordinated parts such as material cost, labor cost, and so on. In the compositions of that cost, the most important part in between companies and the government throughout the whole calculating process is to define the proper labor cost. When both parties calculate imported articles or overhead expenses, they can easily calculate and confirm by documented evidences or related materials. In other hand, the labor cost, which can be seen as two absolutely different numbers and opinions can be created, depends on analyzer's point of view. These interpretation and judgment of data cannot avoid analyzer's intention. In accordance with the above matters, defining the reasonable labor cost will be the top priority in order to analyze the proper expenses. This study will provide a method of proper labor cost estimation before starting the actual manufacturing to calculate the rational labor cost.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2016

Purpose - The purpose of paper is to review and look into the process of port development of each country, and compare with their system of port management. Research design, data and methodology - The methods to be taken is to examine a process of port development in terms of historic and regulated point of views, and each country's port is compared with various port models. Results - China has evolved of port governance into 3 stages, which has lead to almost liberalized port management system in process of privatization slogan. Japan has three stages of port development, and key commitments have been done by local government, rather than national one. Korea has also several stages of port reforms, and national government has been deeply involved in port industry, as well as regional government and port authority in certain areas. Conclusions - whatever port management system each countries has taken, it eventually aims to port productivity in country's port. To adopt most proper port management system may be answer for country to cope with environmental changes around port industry.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.187-204
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• 2006

According to increasing dependancy of national competitiveness on her level of science and technology, the Korean Government devote herself to expansion of technological capability in nation-wide. As a result, the numbers and sizes of national R&D programs, one of public technology policies, are abruptly increased. Recently, the government closely examines the introduction of performance-based budgeting regime as well as the accountability issue in public sector. In the fulfillment of accountability, it has considerable importance that the government executes measurement and strategic management of their performances of all the national R&D programs, how they are properly executed in conformity with respective missions and characteristics. It needs a tool for clearly measuring the programs' performances. In this study, the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is suggested as an alternative. However, the logics of ordinary BSC cannot be directly applied to the program unit. This study reviews the basic concept and principles of BSC and discusses the necessary conditions for proper application of BSC into national R&D programs.

• IE interfaces
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 1989

The problem of planning national coal production is formulated as an optimal control problem. The model can be used to propose a proper government subsidy policy which will enhance the utilization of a nationally-owned resurce(coal) and maintain the optimal level of coal production.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.25-37
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• 2000

The purpose of this case study is to provide the basic knowledge and the rationale for establishing the professional personnel position of Landscape Architecture(LA) in local Government of Korea o the basis of the characteristics and adoption system of professional personnel organization in comparison with the cases of Japan, the United States of America, and Germany. I have analyzed the case of Chonju City, Chollabuk-Do, recruited professional personnel of LA by using informal career position, to justify the needs and the division of professional Landscaping works of the city and to figure out drawbacks of the current adoption system of professional personnel in South Korea. In have found the following results that 1) City Mayor in Korean local Governments do not have the proper authorizing rights of recruiting the special personnels for performing urban policy, which is under controls of the Official Appointment Regulations, 2) because of no official position status for specialist in the fields of LA, the Chonju City had been recruited them as Urban Planner status through an informal process, 3) the section of Park and Urban Forestry was established under the control of Department of Culture and multimedia Industry, 4) the fields of specialized works of LA are defined as the work of ecopolis design and planning, biotope networking, ecological bridge and ecological restorations, and 5) the professional positions for LA should be established in Official Appointment Regulation for the urgent needs of local Government sin South Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.125-133
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• 2019

This study aimed to investigate the political system related to the Electronic Government Law by analyzing the process of the common initiative of the law. To achieve the goal, this study applied the method of social analysis and sugessted the proper role of the assembly for realizing the electronic government and its control. The data were gathered from the bill information service of the national assembly. Netminer 4.0 was used for refining and analyzing data. The results are as follows. First, by analyzing three centrality(degree, betweenness, and eigenvector) of assembly member, the network effect of the powered party and reelected members were revealed as strong in the network. Second, through the component analysis, 5 sub-network has shown in total. The sub-networks showed two distinctive difference between two big parties. By the difference, members in two parties showed different characteristics in constituting communities and the effect of the powered party revealed as strong and clear. Based on the result, this study demonstrated the necessity of social solidarity rather than solipsism in committing common initiative. And a chronological research is need to anlayze $18^{th}$ and $19^{th}$ assembly to verify the effect of the powered party in prospect study.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.1975-1985
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• 2013

Telecommunication costs have been increasing successively in Korean households. Even though there are a lot of issues related to the high charges of mobile telecommunication services, plausible solutions have not been provided yet. 99% of Koreans use mobile phones and it is the highest in the world, but charges are relatively high. This situation may be brought by the government policy that supports 'three companies system.' Even the least efficient company might sustain by a tacit bottom price policy and the government did not introduce MVNO into the market. The government can make mobile phone charge system consider cost only in a proper manner and constrain marketing costs to the rational level. And it can reduce mobile charges and rights of consumers must be respected by restraining too much complicated rates system. Fairness of mobile phone charges could be achieved by mobile phone market structure improvement through active introduction of MVNOs and reduction of excessive marketing costs. If proper market structure and policy management are secured, 30% cut of charges could be achieved. And mobile service bills may be made more acceptable if charge is based on a measured rate system according to the amount of data usage.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.40
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• pp.29.1-29.11
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• 2018

Background: For proper recovery from craniofacial fracture, it is necessary to establish guidelines based on trends. This study aimed to analyze the patterns and causes of craniofacial fractures. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed patients who underwent surgery for craniofacial fractures between 2010 and 2017 at a single center. Several parameters, including time of injury, region and cause of fracture, alcohol intoxication, time from injury to surgery, hospitalization period, and postoperative complications, were evaluated. Results: This study analyzed 2708 fracture lesions of 2076 patients, among whom males aged 10 to 39 years were the most numerous. The number of patients was significantly higher in the middle of a month. The most common fractures were a nasal bone fracture. The most common causes of fracture were ground accidents and personal assault, which tended to frequently cause more nasal bone fracture than other fractures. Traffic accidents and high falls tended to cause zygomatic arch and maxillary wall fractures more frequently. Postoperative complications-observed in 126 patients-had a significant relationship with the end of a month, mandible or panfacial fracture, and traffic accidents. Conclusions: The present findings on long-term craniofacial fracture trends should be considered by clinicians dealing with fractures and could be useful for policy decisions.