• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
• /
• pp.210.2-211
• /
• 2003

Eosinophilic inflammation is the main histological correlate of airway hyperresponsiveness and tissue injury in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Interleukin (IL)-5 appears to be one of main proinflammatory mediators that induce eosinophilic inflammation. Allergic IL -5-deficient mice do not generate eosinophilia in the bone marrow, blood or lung in response to allergen provocation. (omitted)

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
• /
• pp.354.3-355
• /
• 2002

Interleukin (IL)-5 appears to be one of the main proinflammatory mediators among a growing number of cytokines and chemokines that induce eosinophilic inflammation. Sophoricoside and their analogs isolated from Sophora japonica show relatively potent inhibitory activity of interleukin (IL)-5 as a small molecule. To identify structural requirements of this isoflavonone for its inhibitory activity against IL -5. isoflavonones. isoflavanones, and their glycosides were prepared and tested their inhibitory activity against IL-5. (omitted)

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.813-817
• /
• 2009

The effect of 4 seaweed extracts (Desmarestia viridis, Dictyopteris divaricata, Scytosiphon lomentaria, and Ishige okamurae) on pro-inflammatory mediators as well as nuclear factor $(NF)-{\kappa}B$ in the stimulated Raw 264.7 cells was investigated. They reduced iNOS and interlukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$ expressions at transcription level. Of those, 3 extracts (D. divaricata, I. okamurae, and S. lomentaria) inhibited the COX-2 expression at translation level. $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ degradation was inhibited by D. divaricata and S. lomentaria extracts. Therefore, we concluded that the extracts from D. divaricata and S. lomentaria could inhibit the activation of murine macrophage through the blocking of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.70-78
• /
• 2014

Microglia are the confined immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). In response to injury or infection, microglia readily become activated and release proinflammatory mediators that are believed to contribute to microglia-mediated neurodegeneration. In the present study, inflammation was induced in the immortalized murine microglial cell line BV-2 by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. We firstly performed phosphoproteomics analysis and phosphoinositide lipidomics analysis with LPS activated microglia in order to compare phosphorylation patterns in active and inactive microglia and to detect the pattern of changes in phosphoinositide regulation upon activation of microglia. Mass spectrometry analysis of the phosphoproteome of the LPS treatment group compared to that of the untreated control group revealed a notable increase in the diversity of cellular phosphorylation upon LPS treatment. Additionally, a lipidomics analysis detected significant increases in the amounts of phosphoinositide species in the LPS treatment. This investigation could provide an insight for understanding molecular mechanisms underlying microglia-mediated neurodegenerative diseases.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
• /
• pp.233.1-233.1
• /
• 2003

Interleukin (IL)-5 appears to be one of the main proinflammatory mediators among a growing number of cytokines and chemokines that induce eosinophilic inflammation. Sophoricoside and their analogs isolated from Sophora japonica show relatively potent inhibitory activity of interleukin (IL)-5 as a small molecule. Initial attempt to identify the structural requirement of this isoflavonone led to find new chalcones to exhibit the inhibitory activity of IL -5. (omitted)

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
• /
• pp.320.2-320.2
• /
• 2002

Macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are known to induce several proinflammatory proteins including COX-2. iNOS and TNF which produce chemical mediators involved in inflammatory response. Sophoricoside and its analogs (genistin, genistein and orobol) from Sophora japonica (Leguminosae) showed differential inhibitory effects on COX-1 and 2 activities. Sophoricoside and genistin shwoed IC50 values of 4 uM and 6 uM on COX-2 activity and of 1,497 uM and 135 uM on COX-1 activity, respectively. Genistein and orobol showed IC50 values of 3 uM on COX-2 activity and of 28 uM and 18 uM on COX-1 activity. respectively. Therefore. the legume isoflavonoids to be selective COX-2 inhibitors. However. sophoricoside and its analogs did not show inhibitory effects of COX-2, iNos and TNF transcripts. which were identified by the RT-PCR.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제44권6호
• /
• pp.833-842
• /
• 2020

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a commonly encountered large intestine disease in the contemporary world that terminates into colorectal cancer; therefore, the timely treatment of UC is of major concern. Panax ginseng Meyer is an extensively consumed herbal commodity in South East Asian countries, especially Korea. It exhibits a wide range of biologically beneficial qualities for almost head-to-toe ailments in the body. Epimedium koreanum Nakai (EKN) is also a widely used traditional Korean herbal medicine used for treating infertility, rheumatism, and cardiovascular diseases. Materials and methods: Separately the anti-inflammatory activities of both red ginseng extracts (RGEs) and EKNs had been demonstrated in the past in various inflammatory models; however, we sought to unravel the anti-inflammatory activities of the combination of these two extracts in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in mice model because the allopathic remedies for UC involve more side effects than benefits. Results: Our results have shown that the combination of RGE + EKN synergistically alleviated the macroscopic lesions in DSS-induced colitic mice such as colon shortening, hematochezia, and weight loss. Moreover, it restored the histopathological lesions in mice and decreased the levels of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines through the repression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and nucleotide-binding domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP-3) expression. In vitro, this combination also reduced the magnitude of nitric acid (NO), proinflammatory mediators and cytokine through NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells. Conclusion: In the light of these findings, we can endorse this combination extract as a functional food for the prophylactic as well as therapeutic treatment of UC in humans together with allopathic remedies.

• 대한화장품학회지
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.45-55
• /
• 2015

자외선은 외부적인 스트레스 자극인자로 작용하여 사람 각질형성세포에서 reactive oxygen species (ROS)와 비활성 코르티손을 활성 코르티솔로 전환시키는 효소인 $11{\beta}$-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 ($11{\beta}$-HSD1)의 발현 및 활성을 증가시킨다고 알려져 있다. 또한, ROS가 증가된 피부에서는 염증 유발 사이토카인과 염증 매개 인자의 발현이 증가되어 결과적으로 염증반응을 일으키게 되는 원인이 된다. 본 연구에서는 각질형성세포(HaCaT)에서 $11{\beta}$-HSD1 억제제가 ROS 분해효소인 catalase의 생성을 회복시킴에 착안하여, $11{\beta}$-HSD1의 발현을 저해함과 동시에 ROS로부터 유도되는 염증 반응을 억제하는 천연물 소재를 발굴하고자 하였다. 그 중 능실 추출물과 그 분획물은 각각 $11{\beta}$-HSD1의 발현과 ROS 생성 증가를 억제하고, 염증성 사이토카인인 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-$1{\alpha}$, $-1{\beta}$의 발현을 억제하였다. 또한, 자외선에 의해 유도되는 염증 매개인자인 cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$)의 생성을 저해하였다. 따라서 본 연구 결과로부터 능실 추출물 및 그 분획물은 $11{\beta}$-HSD1의 발현을 억제함과 동시에 ROS에 의해 유발된 피부 염증 반응을 효과적으로 저해함을 확인하였다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.553-564
• /
• 1998

연구배경: LPS에 대한 숙주의 초기반응은 proin-flammatory cytokines의 분비이다. 이러한 "초기 반응" cytokines는 인지세포에서 표적세포 등에 신호를 전달하여 다른 대식세포를 포함한 면역세포, 폐장내 간엽성 세포들을 자극하여 화학주성인자, 성장인자, 유착분자 등의 발현을 증폭시키게 되면서 전염증단계가 정열하게된다. 내독소유발 급성폐손상에서 폐장내 proinflammatory cytokine 기원 세포들은 활성화된 대식세포/단핵구 외에 폐조직으로 유입된 동원 호중구의 역할이 중요하게 인식되고 있으며 이외에도 간엽성 세포들에서도 발현되고 있는 것으로 밝혀지고 있다. 저자들은 실험 백서에서 내독소를 정백내 주입하여 유발시킨 급성폐손상에서 proinflammatory cytokines인 TNF-$\alpha$ 및 IL 6 기원의 주된 세포(들)를 규명해 보고자 하였다. 방 법: 체중 $250{\pm}50g$의 건강체인 웅성 Sparague-Dawley를 정상 대조군(Normal Control Saline Group)과 내독소유발 급성폐손상군으로 분류하였으며 급성폐손상군은 백혈구결핍 내독소군(CPA-ETX Group)과 대조-내독소군(ETX Group)으로 하였다. 실험백서를 phenthotal sodium으로 마취한 후 생리식염수 0.4ml(control) 혹은 동량의 생리식염수에 용해시킨 LPS (055 : B5 E. coli, Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO), 5mg/kg를 백서 미부정맥으로 주사한 후 각각 0 및 3, 6 시간에 회생시켰다. 백혈구결핍 내독소군은 cyclophophamide, 7mg/kg를 복강내 주입하여 5 일째에 LPS를 같은 방법으로 주입하여 3, 6시간에 각각 희생시켰다. 각군에서 기관지폐포세척술을 전술한 바와 같이 시행하여 총백혈구수, 분획세포수 및 총단백량을 산출하였고 기관지폐포세척 TNF-$\alpha$ 및 IL 6를 생물학적 방법으로 각각 측정하여 비교하였다. 동시에 기관지폐포세척술을 하지 않은 정상대조군 및 대조-내독소군에서 TNF-$\alpha$ 및 IL 6 단백에 대한 면역조직화학염색을 시행하였다. 결 과: 기관지폐포세척 세포 및 단백량 측정 결과 정상대조군에 비해 대조-내독소군에서 기관지폐포세척 총백혈구수는 3, 6 시간째에 각각 유의한 증가를 보였으나 (p<0.01), 백혈구결핍 내독소군과는 차이가 없었다. 대조-내독소군은 정상대조군에 비해 기관지폐포세척단핵구 및 호중구수가 3, 6 시간째에 각각 유의하게 증가하였으며 (p<0.05) 특히 호중구 분획율의 유의한 증가를 동반하였다(p<0.05). 백혈구결핍 내독소군은 정상대조군에 비해 3, 6시간째에 각각 기관지폐포세척 호중구수 및 호중구분획율의 유의한 감소를 보였으나 (p<0.05) 기관지폐포세척 단핵구수 및 단핵구 분획율에서는 양군간에 차이가 없었다. 기관지폐포세척 총단백량은 내독소군에서 3, 6시간째에 각각 정상대조군에 비해 유의한 증가를 보였으며(p<0.05) 내독소군간에는 6시간째에 대조-내독소군에서 백혈구결핍 내독소군에 비해 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 기관지폐포세척 TNF-$\alpha$ 및 IL-6의 농도는 정상대조군에서 각각 $0.06{\pm}0.06$ U/ml(n=5) 및 $0.45{\pm}0.23$ U/ml(n=5)이었다. 내독소군에서 TNF-$\alpha$와 IL-6는 정상대조군에 비해 유의하게 상승되었으며 (p<0.05), 백혈구결핍 내독소군과 대조-내독소군간에 차이는 없었다. 면역조직화학염색결과 내독소 정맥 주입 3시간 및 6시간후의 폐조직에서 TNF-$\alpha$ 및 IL-6 단백이 폐포대식세포와 간질대식세포들에서 강하게 염색되는 소견을 관찰할 수 있었다. 결 론: 내독소혈증 유발 급성 폐손상의 초기 손상에 중요한 역할을 하는 proinflammatory cytokine의 주된 기원세포는 활성화된 폐포대식세포/단핵구세포들일 것으로 사료되며 이들 세포가 내독소혈증 유발 급성폐손상 발생에 주도적인 역할을 할 것으로 사료되었다.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.17-29
• /
• 2009

Objectives: The present study is focused on the inhibitory effect of the rhizome hexane fraction extract of Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus (ginger hexan extract; GHE) on the production of inflammatory mediators such as NO, $PGE_2$, and proinflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 cells, a mouse microglial cell line. Methods: We separated the hexane fraction from Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus's methanol extract. The inhibitory and anti-inflammatory effect of GHE was examined on microglial activation. Results: GHE significantly inhibited the excessive production of NO, $PGE_2$, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IL-1${\beta}$ in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. In addition, GHE attenuated the mRNA expressions and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and proinflammatory cytokines. Conclusion: The anti-inflammatory properties of GHE may make it useful as a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of human neurodegenerative diseases.