• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.20
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• pp.8715-8718
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• 2014

Background: ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine (Vb) and dacarbazine) is the standard regimen in Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL).Vincristine (O) is a mitotic spindle agent like Vb. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of O as a part of ABOD in HL. Materials and Methods: Patients who had ABOD were enrolled. Stage I-II HL were evaluated for unfavorable risk factors according to NCCN. National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria was used for toxicity. Results: Seventy-nine HL patients in our center between 2003 and 2007 were evaluated retrospectively. Median follow-up was 54 months. Most of the patients were male in their third decade. Median ABOD cycles were 6 (2-8). Primary refractory disease rate was 17.7% whereas it was 5.1% for early relapse and 5.1% for late relapse disease. Response rates were as 82.3% for complete response, 11.4% for partial response, 5.1% for stable disease and 1.3% for progressive disease. Half of relapsed patients had autologous stem cell transplantation. Estimated 5-year failure-free survival was 71% and significantly longer in early stage patients without risk factors, bulky disease or radiotherapy (RT) (p=0.05, p<0.0001, p=0.02; respectively). Estimated 5-year overall survival was 74% and significantly longer in those who had no RT (p=0.001). Dose modification rate was 5.1% and chemotherapy delay rate was 19%. There were no toxicity-related deaths. Conclusions: ABOD seems to be effective with managable toxicity in HL, even in those with poor prognostic factors.

• Composites Research
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.1-11
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• 1999

Cyclic deformation and fatigue behavior of $Al/$Al_2O_3$ metal matrix composites and matrix alloy were studied. Hatigue strength Al/$Al_2O_3$ composites was about 210MPa, and that of Al matrix alloy was 170MPa. Most of the resultant displacement due to permanent plastic deformation occurred in less than the first 5% of fatigue life. In case of composites, decrease of cyclic displacement was smaller than that of matrix because the reinforcements acted as barriers to dislocation movement. Consequently, cyclic stress-displacement response curve can be considered to have these atages ; an initial few cycles of rapid hardening, followed by progressive hardening for most the fatigue life, and then just prior to failure, an instantaneous drop in stress carrying capability of the material due to multiple microcrack initiation, eventual coalescence of microcrack to form a macrocrack and then rapid macroscopic crack growth.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.335-341
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• 2013

Balamuthia mandrillaris is one of the 4 amebas in fresh water and soil that cause diseases in humans. Granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE), caused by B. mandrillaris, is a rare but life-threatening condition. A 4-year-old, previously healthy, Thai girl presented with progressive headache and ataxia for over a month. Neuroimaging studies showed an infiltrative mass at the right cerebellar hemisphere mimicking a malignant cerebellar tumor. The pathological finding after total mass removal revealed severe necrotizing inflammation, with presence of scattered amebic trophozoites. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from lumbar puncture showed evidence of non-specific inflammation without identifiable organisms. A combination of pentamidine, sulfasalazine, fluconazole, and clarithromycin had been initiated promptly before PCR confirmed the diagnosis of Balamuthia amebic encephalitis (BAE). The patient showed initial improvement after the surgery and combined medical treatment, but gradually deteriorated and died of multiple organ failure within 46 days upon admission despite early diagnosis and treatment. In addition to the case, 10 survivors of BAE reported in the PubMed database were briefly reviewed in an attempt to identify the possible factors leading to survival of the patients diagnosed with this rare disease.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2012

Since the causative gene, SLC25A13 which encodes citrin, was discovered in 1999, over 500 cases with citrin deficiency have been identified. Two phenotypes can occur by citrin deficiency, neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis by citrin deficiency (NICCD) and adult-onset type II citrullinemia (CTLN2). Some patients with NICCD develop CTLN2 in their later lives. Although cholestatic jaundice is spontaneously resolved within the first year of life in most cases with NICCD, a few cases experience progressive hepatic failure. In this report, two neonates with severe type of NICCD were described. Both cases exhibited neonatal cholestatic jaundice, hyperammonemia and severe coagulopathy. Of note, plasma citrulline and blood galactose levels were extremely high. Serum ${\alpha}$-fetoprotein, plasma methionine, arginine, and threonine-to-serine ratio were elevated as well. SLC25A13 mutations were found in all the four alleles of both patients. With the commencement of lactose-free formula, coagulopathy and hyperammonemia were resolved, and galactose level was normalized. Currently, no factor has been identified to predict the prognosis of NICCD. More experiences are needed to build up the adequate therapeutic strategies for severe type of NICCD. Our experience, however, indicates that the degree of citrullinemia and galactosemia might reflect the severity.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.432-439
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• 1982

Congenital posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia [Bochdalek hernia] is the result of a congenital diaphragmatic defect in the posterior costal part of the diaphragm in the region of the tenth and eleventh ribs. There is usually free communication between the thoracic and abdominal cavities. The defect is most commonly found on the left [90%], but may occurs on the right, where the liver often prevents detection. The male to female ratio is 2:1. Owing to the negative intrathoracic pressure, herniation of abdominal contents through the defects occurs, with resultant collapse of the lung. Shifting of mediastinum to the opposite side and compression of the opposite lung occurs. Most often these hernias are manifestated by acute respiratory distress in the newborn. A second, but less well recognized, group of patient with Bochdalek hernia survive beyond the neonatal period, usually present at a later time with "failure of thrive, intermittent vomiting, or progressive respiratory difficulty. " The diagnosis can often be made on clinical ground from the presence of respiratory distress, absence of breath sounds on the chest presence of bowel sounds over the chest . Roentgenogram of the chest confirm the diagnosis. Obstruction and strangulation have been reported but are rare. Treatment consists of early reliable identification of these congenital diaphragmatic hernia with high risk and surgical repairment. and postoperative pharmacological management with extracorporeal membranous oxygenation [=ECMO] support in the period of intensive care. On the surgical approach, for defects on left side, an abdominal incision is preferred, because of the high incidence of malrotation and obstructing duodenal bands. In the neonate, the operative mortality may be appreciable, but, later repair almost always is successful. During the period from 1972 to 1982, 4 cases of congenital Bochdalek hernia were experienced at the Kyung-Hee University Hospital.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.119-124
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• 1999

Right atrial metastasis occurs in 1 to 4% of patients with hepatoma, and the extension to intracavitary or metastasis of a tumor as a large mass rare. However, the high risk of progressive heart failure and sudden death from the tricuspid valve obstruction necessitates prompt diagnosis of intracavitary extension, and adequate intervention is needed to prolong a patient's life. A 49 year-old female was referred to our hospital for further evaluation of a liver mass, which was identified at a local clinic. The liver mass was confirmed as hepatocellular carcinoma with CT and celiac angiographies findings. She was treated with transarterial chemoembolization. Thirty-four months after discharge, a low density right atrial mass was noted incidentally with chest computed tomography while investigating a massive right pleural effusion for possible pulmonary metastasis. Echocardiography showed a huge inhomogenous echogenic mass at the right atrium. The present report describes a case of primary hepatocellular carcinoma with a intracavitary cardiac mass detected with two dimensional echocardiography.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.263-271
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• 2009

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the most cause of death around the world and fields of interest for cardiac stem cells. Also, current use of terminally differentiated adult cardiomyocytes for CVDs has limited regenerative capacity therefore any significant cell loss may result in the development of progressive heart failure. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) derived from blastocyst-stage embryos spontaneously have ability to differentiate via embryo-like aggregates (endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm) in vitro into various cell types including cardiomyocyte. However, most effective molecule or optimized condition which can induce cardiac differentiation of hESCs is rarely studied. In this study, we developed both spontaneous and inductive cardiomyocyte-like cells differentiation from hESCs by treatment of induced-factors, 5-azacytidine, BMP-4 and cardiogenol C. On the one hand, spontaneous and inductive cardiomyocyte-like cells showed that cardiac markers are expressed for further analysis by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Interestingly, BMP-4 greatly improved homogeneous population of the cardiomyocyte-like cells from hESCs CHA15 and H09. In conclusion, we verified that spontaneously differentiated cells showed cardiac specific markers which characterize cardiac cells, treated extrinsic factors can manage cellular signals and found that hESCs can undergo differentiation into cardiomyocytes better than spontaneous group. This finding offers an insight into the inductive factor of differentiated cardiomyocytes and provides some helpful information that may offer the potential of cardiomyocytes derived from hESCs using extrinsic factors.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.21-34
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• 1996

This paper presents the engineering characteristics of the Samcheok organic soil which contains a large portion of organic matter and high natural water content. A series of lab tests shows that the measured liquid limit is quite different depending on preparing methods of specimens. The values tested with natural condition are higher up to 4 times than thole of the oven dry specimen. It is shown that the organic soils fail at large strain and do not show peak stress in the stress strain relationships. Also strength increase ratios, which are measured 0.43 to 0.65 in this tests, are significantly higher than those of the soft clay without organic matter. The consolidation tests indicate that the verti'cal and horizontal Permeabilities are almost the same. For the remolded samples is reduced from 112 to 116 of the vertical permeability An increase of organic matter or water content of the organic soils results in an increase of the coefficient of secondary consolidation. The increase rate is slow below 15 percents of the organic contents while the rate becomes higher above the value.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.269-281
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• 2007

Fluoric acid etching is an essential procedure in cementation of reinforced ceramics to tooth surface. But there have been few studies about the changes of surface structure and flexural strength of IPS $Empress^{(R)}$ 2 ceramic according to the etching time. The objectives of this study were to examine the surface structure changes and the difference in biaxial flexural strength of IPS $Empress^{(R)}$ 2 ceramic according to various etching times. Sixty one disk-shaped specimens of IPS $Empress^{(R)}$ 2 ceramic($14mm{\times}1.2mm$) were fabricated for the biaxial flexural strength test and SEM analysis according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Sixty specimens were divided into 6 groups(n=10) according to the time of HF acid etching(0, 20, 180 and 300s)and silane/resin cement application. Each disk was loaded using a piston-on-3 ball biaxial configuration in a universal testing machine. The failure loads(N) were recorded, and the biaxial flexural strength for each disk was calculated. A one-way analysis of variance and independent t-test on transformed fracture strength data were used to determine significant differences between groups. The groups of no cementation showed a trend toward progressive weakening with increasing the etching time. However, this was not statistically significant at p=0.05 level. The groups of resin cementation exhibited no apparent trend in their mean strength values. SEM photomicrographs showed very different results of etching. Within the conditions of this study, alteration of surface topography by acid etching does not have a deleterious effect on the biaxial flexural strength of IPS $Empress^{(R)}$ 2 ceramic.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2012

Columns are the key elements supporting load in structure. Column failure causes the structure to collapse. It is important to evaluate residual strength for damaged columns under blast load for preventing progressive collapse. In this paper, columns were investigated to compare the blast resistance on the change of the number of steel bars within the range of reinforcement ratio. And this study was carried out 4 different analytical models to evaluate effects of aspect ratio. The results indicate that the vertical strain was unaffected by the number of steel bars and aspect ratio. As the number of steel bars facing blast load increase, the blast resisting capacity of the columns was improved in the lateral strain. Also, the analysis results showed that a large moment of inertia of area, as compared to a small one would be superior in residual strength as well as force of restitution.