• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.59-69
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• 2013

This study presents development of the ANN simulator for well placement of infill drilling in gas fields. The input data of the ANN simulator includes the production time, well location, all inter well distances, boundary inter well distance, infill well position, productivity potential, functional links, reservoir pressure. The output data includes the bottomhole pressure in addition to the production rate. Thus, it is possible to calculate the productivity and bottomhole pressure during production period simultaneously, and it is expected that this model could replace conventional simulators. Training for the 20 well placement scenarios was conducted. As a result, it was found that accuracy of ANN simulator was high as the coefficient of correlation for production rate was 0.99 and the bottomhole pressure 0.98 respectively. From the resultes, the validity of the ANN simulator has been verified. The term, which could produce Maximum Daily Quantity (MDQ) at the gas field and the productivity according to the well location was analyzed. As a result, the MDQ could be maintained for a short time in scenario C-1, which has the three infill wells nearby aquifer boundary, and a long time in scenario A-1. In conclusion, it was found that scenario A maintained the MDQ up to 21% more than those of scenarios B and C which include parameters that might affect the productivity. Thus, the production rate can be maximized by selecting the location of production wells in comprehensive consideration of parameters that may affect the productivity. Also, because the developed ANN simulator could calculate both production rate and bottomhole pressure, respectively, it could be used as the forward simulator in a various inverse model.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.228-233
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• 2002

In this study, Life Cycle Assessment method has been carried out the Corrugated board box in considering environmental aspects by quantifying the environmental emission and assessing its environmental impact potential. The system boundary in this study is selected from cradle to gate stage(raw material acquisition, raw material production and product manufacturing) of the paper product. To evaluate the environmental impact potential, impact categories are divided into 8 categories. As a results, abiotic resource depletion of the impact categories has the largest contribution to the total impact potential as 31.02% of total, Next were continued ecotoxicity having a contribution of 27.17%. In the life cycle, environmental impacts from law material production stage were contributed largely as 80.78%.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1989.10a
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• pp.621-626
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• 1989

An efficient algorithm for planning near-optimum trajectory of manipulators is proposed. The algorithm is divided into two stages. The first one is the optimization of time trajectory with given spatial path. And the second one is the optimization of the spatial path itself. To consider the second problem, the manipulator dynamics is represented using the path parameter "s", then a differential equation corresponding to the dynamics is solved as two point boundary value problem. In this procedure, the gradient method is used to calculate improved input torques.t torques.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.131-139
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• 2001

Until recently, limestone yield production is mainly depend on geological investigation and boring. In the study seismic and electrical method are applied to calculate the basic data of limestone yield production. the result of geophysical prospecting, the depth of bed rock is approximately 17m. And there is a slightly difference between the limestone layer boundary which is drawn by electrical prospecting method and that of geological investigation.

• Mycobiology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.93-106
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• 2015

Alternaria species are common saprophytes or pathogens of a wide range of plants pre- and post-harvest. This review considers the relative importance of Alternaria species, their ecology, competitiveness, production of mycotoxins and the prevalence of the predominant mycotoxins in different food products. The available toxicity data on these toxins and the potential future impacts of Alternaria species and their toxicity in food products pre- and post-harvest are discussed. The growth of Alternaria species is influenced by interacting abiotic factors, especially water activity ($a_w$), temperature and pH. The boundary conditions which allow growth and toxin production have been identified in relation to different matrices including cereal grain, sorghum, cottonseed, tomato, and soya beans. The competitiveness of Alternaria species is related to their water stress tolerance, hydrolytic enzyme production and ability to produce mycotoxins. The relationship between A. tenuissima and other phyllosphere fungi has been examined and the relative competitiveness determined using both an Index of Dominance ($I_D$) and the Niche Overlap Index (NOI) based on carbon-utilisation patterns. The toxicology of some of the Alternaria mycotoxins have been studied; however, some data are still lacking. The isolation of Alternaria toxins in different food products including processed products is reviewed. The future implications of Alternaria colonization/infection and the role of their mycotoxins in food production chains pre- and post-harvest are discussed.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.117-126
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• 2019

Activated carbon is carbon produced from carbonaceous source materials, such as coconut shells, coals, and woods. In this study, an activated carbon production system was analyzed by carbonization and activation in terms of environmental impact and human health. The feedstock of wood wastes for the system reduced fossil fuel consumption and disposal costs. Life cycle assessment methodology was used to analyze the environmental impacts of the system, and the functional unit was one tonne of wood wastes. The boundary expansion method was applied to analyze the wood waste recycling process for activated carbon production. An environmental credit was quantified by avoided impact analysis. Specifically, greenhouse gases discharged from 1 kg of activated carbon production system by feeding wood wastes were evaluated. We found that this system reduced global warming potential of approximately $9.69E+00kg\;CO_2-eq$. compared to the process using coals. The environmental benefits for activated carbon production from wood wastes were analyzed in contrast to other disposal methods. The results showed that the activated carbon system using one tonne of wood wastes has an environmental benefit of $163kg\;CO_2-eq$. for reducing global warming potential in comparison with the same amount of wood wastes disposal by landfilling.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.14-26
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• 2001

A lot of designers are adopting a mixed imitation as techniques of cretion because cultural boundary and structure of meaning in the era of post-modernism are collapsed and dissolved. I raise up a question mark to how can genuine and creative designers can be identified at this epoch when we are today familiar with the trend of informationalization, opening and globalization. Characterisitics of multi-culturalism and compromising blending are meshed with appearance of a theory of disorganization and consumer-driven economic activity of multi-national enterprises in the age of post capitalism. Accordingly it can be said that designers are leaning upon public and consumeroriented pattern rather than pursuing a creative cultural production. With mass media in rapid advancement and public culture in father dissemination, mass production and mass re-production became a natural cultural phenomenon strengthen ing its root. Creative designers somewhat slow and limitative in pace of adaption to rapid changing society amid such social backgrounds and flooded information are coming to dead-end of wall. A mixed imitation as techniques of creation is a result of borrowing, duplicating or re-combining of existing things because the mixed imitation is equivalent to borrowing, copying, compilation and recombination of well-known artworks, motive, diverse people's cultural features, image, techniques and the likes. It is too delicate thing for one to definitely distinguish such cultural phenomenon from either one as creative work or a plagiarized work. Looking into the facts as they are, we should recognize the designers limitation in their creative works by means of the mixed imitation. thus we can have a view upon them from a criticizing standpoint against the designers creation and imitation. On the other hand, when we look at things how the mixed imitation appears in the fashion as a piece of culture, we can understand something of the contemporary designers. I try to find a significance in seeking out a method of approaching to creative fashion designers direction in future times.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.311-319
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• 2015

In this paper, in order to increase the production efficiency of the industrial plant, and predicts the resources of the manufacturing process, we have proposed a decision-making system for resource implementing the risk management effectively forecasting and risk management. A variety of information that occurs at each step efficiently difficult the creation of detailed process steps in the scenario you want to manage, is a frequent condition change of manufacturing facilities for the production of various products even within the same process. The data that is not contiguous products production cycle also not constant occurs, there is a problem that needs to check the variation in the small amount of data. In order to solve these problems, data centralized manufacturing processes, process resource prediction, risk prediction, through a process current status monitoring, must allow action immediately when a problem occurs. In this paper, the range of change in the design drawing, resource prediction, a process completion date using a regression algorithm to derive the formula, classification tree technique was proposed decision system in three stages through the boundary value analysis.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.58-67
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• 2012

It is widely observed in the Korean broadcasting production industry that unfair trade practices occur either when the drawing up a contract is ill-timed, when the contract's stipulations do not adequately cover possibilities in reality, or when the contract is simply breached. In particular, the most prevalent cause of the breach of contracts lies in the broadcasting production practices. Hence, systematic efforts should be made to improve the daily practices of the production industry by ensuring that the whole production process is carried out by contract. In order to achieve this, the following are suggested: i) A preliminary contract is to be made prior to the main one. ii) A standard production contract, which can be used as a template for other sub-contracts such as writing contracts, acting contracts, employment contracts, and so on, needs be introduced. iii) The standard contract should stipulate the obligations of the personnel from broadcasting companies, the recognition of the rights of production companies that created formats, and the boundary of the autonomy that production companies can exercise during production, in particular. iv) Prohibitive provisions are to be introduced into the Broadcasting Law in order to limit the causes for unfair trade practices.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2000

The objective of the present study is to investigate the pressure-strain correlation terms of the Reynolds stress models for the three dimensional turbulent boundary layer in a $30^{\circ}$ bend tunnel. The numerical results obtained by models of Launder, Reece and Rodi (LRR) , Fu and Speziale, Sarkar and Gatski (SSG) for the pressure-strain correlation terms are compared against experimental data and the calculated results from the standard k-${\varepsilon}$ model. The governing equations are discretized by the finite volume method and SIMPLE algorithm is used to calculate the pressure field. The results show that the models of LRR and SSG predict the anisotropy of turbulent structure better than the standard k-${\varepsilon}$ model. Also, the results obtained from the LRR and SSG models are in better agreement with the experimental data than those of the Fu and standard k-${\varepsilon}$ models with regard to turbulent normal stresses. Nevertheless, LRR and SSG models do not effectively predict pressure-strain redistribution terms in the inner layer because the pressure-strain terms are based on the locally homogeneous approximation. Therefore, to give better predictions of the pressure-strain terms, non-local effects should be considered.