• 제목/요약/키워드: problem situations

검색결과 965건 처리시간 0.023초

시뮬레이션 기반 문제중심학습 수업 사례 연구 (A Case Study on Simulation as Problem-based Learning(S-PBL))

  • 이효주;윤성우
    • 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국정보통신학회 2022년도 춘계학술대회
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    • pp.384-387
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    • 2022
  • 본 연구는 시뮬레이션 기반 문제중심학습 수업을 설계하고 적용한 후 수업 운영의 효과를 초점집단면담을 이용해 분석하고자 수행되었다. 응급구조학은 전공지식을 바탕으로 다양한 응급 상황에 대응할 수 있는 실무 중심의 학습이 중요하다. 문제중심학습 수업의 경우 학습을 위한 현장상황과 관련한 실제 성을 제공하여 문제해결전략과 기술, 팀워크 등의 역량을 향상시킬 수 있어 응급구조학과에서 다루는 다양한 주제를 운영하기에 적합하다. 본 연구는 호흡곤란 환자 사례를 중심으로한 PBL 모듈을 개발해 S대학교 응급구조학과 3학년 16명이 수강하는 전문내과응급처치학 및 실습 교과목에 적용한 것으로, 전문가 컨설팅을 통해 인증평가를 받았으며, 학습자 5명을 대상으로 초점집단면접을 이용한 만족도 질적 연구가 추가로 진행되었다. 전반적인 수업 만족도는 4.76점에서 4.92점으로 높은 수준을 보였다. 특히, PBL 수업을 통해 학습 전략을 재설정하고, 협력 학습을 경험함으로써 긍정적인 학습성과를 얻을 수 있었고 자기효능감을 경험하였다.

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디자인의 형태와 기능에 관한 연구 (Essay on Form and Function Design)

  • 이재국
    • 디자인학연구
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.63-97
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    • 1989
  • There is nothing more important than the form and function in design, because every design product can be done on the basis of them. Form and Function are already existed before the word of design has been appeared and all the natural and man-made things' basic organization is based on their organic relations. The organic relations is the source of vitality which identifies the subsistance of all the objects and the evolution of living creatures has been changed their appearances by the natural law and order. Design is no exception. Design is a man-made organic thing which is developed its own way according to the purposed aim and given situations. If so, what is the ultimate goal of design. It is without saying that the goal is to make every effort to contribute to the -human beings most desirable life by the designer who is devoting himself to their convenience and well-being. Therefore, the designer can be called the man of rich life practitioner. This word implies a lot of meanings since the essence of design is improving the guality of life by the man-made things which are created by the designer. Also, the things are existed through the relations between form and function, and the things can keep their value when they are answered to the right purpose. In design, thus, it is to be a main concern how to create valuable things and to use them in the right way, and the subject of study is focused on the designer's outlook of value and uk relations between form and function. Christopher Alexander mentioned the importance of form as follows. The ultimate object of design is form. Every design problem begins with an effort to achieve fittness between the form and its context. The form is the solution to the problem: the context defmes the problem. In other words, when we speak of design, the real object of discussion is not form alone, but the ensemble comprising the form and its context. Good fit is a desirable property of this ensemble which relates to some particular division of the ensemble into form and context. Max Bill mainatined how important form is in design. Form represents a self-contained concept, and its embodiment in an object results in that object becoming a work of art. Futhermore, this explains why we use form so freguently in a comparative sense for determining whether one thing is less or more beautiful than another, and why the ideal of absolute beauty is always the standard by which we appraise form, and through form, art itself. Hence form has became synonymous with beauty. On the other hand, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy stated the importance of function as follows. Function means the task an object is designed to fulfill the task instrument is shaping the form. Unfortunately, this principle was not appreciated at the same time but through the endeavors of Frank Lloyd Wright and of the Bauhaus group and its many collegues in Europe, the idea of functionalism became the keynote of the twenites. Functionalism soon became a cheap slogan, however, and its original meaning blurred. It is neccessary to reexamine it in the light of present circumstances. Charles William Eliot expressed his idea on the relations between function and beauty. Beauty often results chiefly from fittness: indeed it is easy to manitain that nothing is fair except what is fit its uses or functions. If the function of the product of a machine be useful and valuable, an the machine be eminently fit for its function, it conspicuously has the beauty of fittness. A locomotive or a steamship has the same sort of beauty, derived from the supreme fittness for its function. As functions vary, so will those beauty..vary. However, it is impossible to study form and function in separate beings. Function can't be existed without form, and without function, form is nothing. In other words, form is a function's container, and function is content in form. It can be said that, therefore, the form and function are indispensable and commensal individuals which have coetemal relations. From the different point of view, sometimes, one is more emphasized than the other, but in this case, the logic is only accepted on the assumption of recognizing the importance of the other's entity. The fact can be proved what Frank Hoyd wright said that form and function are one. In spite of that, the form and function should be considered as independent indivisuals, because they are too important to be treated just as the simple single one. Form and function have flexible properties to the context. In other words, the context plays a role as the barometer to define the form and function, also which implies every meaning of surroun'||'&'||'not;dings. Thus, design is formed under the influence of situations. Situations are dynamic, like the design process itself, in which fixed focus can be cripping. Moreover, situations control over making the good design. Judging from the respect, I defined the good design in my thesis An Analytic Research on Desigh Ethic, "good design is to solve the problem by the most proper way in the situations." Situations are changeable, and so is design. There is no progress without change, but change is not neccessarily progress. It is highly desirable that there changes be beneficial to mankind. Our main problem is to be able to discriminate between that which should be discarded and that which should be kept, built upon, and improved. Form and Function are no exception. The practical function gives birth to the inevitable form and the $$\mu$ti-classified function is delivered to the varieties of form. All of these are depended upon changeable situations. That is precisely the situations of "situation de'||'&'||'not;sign", the concept of moving from the design of things to the design of the circumstances in which things are used. From this point of view, the core of form and function is depended upon how the designer can manage it efficiently in given situations. That is to say that the creativity designer plays an important role to fulfill the purpose. Generally speaking, creativity is the organization of a concept in response to a human need-a solution that is both satisfying and innovative. In order to meet human needs, creative design activities require a special intuitive insight which is set into motion by purposeful imagination. Therefore, creativity is the most essential quality of every designer. In addition, designers share with other creative people a compulsive ingenuity and a passion for imaginative solutions which will meet their criteria for excellence. Ultimately, it is said that the form and function is the matter which belongs to the desire of creative designers who constantly try to bring new thing into being to create new things. In accordance with that the main puppose of this thesis is to catch every meaning of the form and function and to close analyze their relations for the promotion of understanding and devising practical application to gradual progression in design. The thesis is composed of four parts: Introduction, Form, Function and Conclusion. Introduction, the purpose and background of the research are presented. In Chapter I, orgin of form, perception of form, and classification of form are studied. In Chapter II, generation of function, development of function, and diversification of function are considered. Conclusion, some concluding words are mentioned.ioned.

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경계요소법을 이용한 구조물과 지반사이의 동적상호 작용 해석 전산 프로그램 : SSI2D/3D (Computer Program for the solution of the Soil-Structure-Interaction Problem using the Boundary Element Method : SSI2D/3D)

  • 허영
    • 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국전산구조공학회 1989년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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    • pp.17-21
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    • 1989
  • SSI2D/3D is a computer program to calculate dynamic stiffness matrix of the foundation for soil-structure-interaction problem in frequency demain. It is written in FORTRAN 77 and applicable to two or three dimensional situations. In this paper the program structure is summarized. Two examples aye shown to demonstrate the possibilities of the Boundary Element Method applied to dynamic problems in infinite domains.

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컴퓨터 기반의 이산수학에 관한 연구 -Leslie 행렬 모델을 중심으로- (A Study of Computer-Based Discrete Mathematics Focused on the Leslie Matrix Model)

  • 김민경
    • 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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    • 제38권2호
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    • pp.189-197
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    • 1999
  • Discrete mathematics allows students to examine and explore unique, special problem situations which were not used to solve problems by paper-and-pencil procedures or applying common formulas. The use and integration of accessible computer-related technologies such as 'Mathematics' or 'Maple' software programs enables students to explore problem situation dramatically. This study shows that it is possible to introduce computer-based discrete mathematics focused on the Leslie matrix model as modeling age-specific population growth to high school students.

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독립변수의 측정오차가 예측에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위한 기준개발 (Development of a Criterion for Assessing the Influence of the Measurement Errors in the Independent Variables on Prediction)

  • 변재현
    • 대한산업공학회지
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.39-46
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    • 1993
  • In developing a multiple regression relationship, independent variables are frequently measured with error. For these situations the problem of estimating unknown parameters has been extensively discussed in the literature while little attention has been given to the prediction problem. In this paper a criterion is developed for assessing the severeness of measurement errors in each independent variable on the predicted values. Using the developed criterion we can present a guideline as to which measurement error should be controlled for a more accurate prediction. Proposed methods are illustrated with a standard data system in work measurement.

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불완전 유지보수 모형을 통한 전동차 도어장치 예방 유지보수 주기 산정에 관한 연구 (A study on determining imperfect preventive maintenance intervals for the doors in Metro EMU)

  • 이덕규;김종운;이희성
    • 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국철도학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.733-741
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    • 2008
  • An important problem in reliability analysis for repairable systems is to model the maintenance effect. The most of researches have assumed two extreme cases; one is perfect maintenance and the other is minimal maintenance. However, there are many cases in real situations that the maintenance effect are between both of two extreme cases. This article deals with the problem determining the imperfect preventive maintenance intervals for the doors in Metro EMU

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직관적·형식적 탐구 기반의 문제해결식 접근법에 따른 수학 문제해결 지도 방안 탐색 (A Study on the Mathematical Problem Solving Teaching based on the Problem solving approach according to the Intuitive and the Formal Inquiry)

  • 이대현
    • 한국수학사학회지
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    • 제32권6호
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    • pp.281-299
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    • 2019
  • Mathematical problem solving has become a major concern in school mathematics, and methods to enhance children's mathematical problem solving abilities have been the main topics in many mathematics education researches. In addition to previous researches about problem solving, the development of a mathematical problem solving method that enables children to establish mathematical concepts through problem solving, to discover formalized principles associated with concepts, and to apply them to real world situations needs. For this purpose, I examined the necessity of problem solving education and reviewed mathematical problem solving researches and problem solving models for giving the theoretical backgrounds. This study suggested the problem solving approach based on the intuitive and the formal inquiry which are the basis of mathematical discovery and inquiry process. And it is developed to keep the balance and complement of the conceptual understanding and the procedural understanding respectively. In addition, it consisted of problem posing to apply the mathematical principles in the application stage.

작업의 특성에 종속되는 병렬기계의 일정계획을 위한 발견적 기법 (A Heuristic for parallel Machine Scheduling Depending on Job Characteristics)

  • 이동현;이경근;김재균;박창권;장길상
    • 경영과학
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.41-54
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    • 2000
  • in the real world situations that some jobs need be processed only on certain limited machines frequently occur due to the capacity restrictions of machines such as tools fixtures or material handling equipment. In this paper we consider n-job non-preemptive and m parallel machines scheduling problem having two machines group. The objective function is to minimize the sum of earliness and tardiness with different release times and due dates. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer programming problem. The problem is proved to be Np-complete. Thus a heuristic is developed to solve this problem. To illustrate its suitability and efficiency a proposed heuristic is compared with a genetic algorithm and tabu search for a large number of randomly generated test problems in ship engine assembly shop. Through the experimental results it is showed that the proposed algorithm yields good solutions efficiently.

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패션 디자인을 위한 체계적, 직관적 접근방법에 관한 고찰 (A Study on the Systematic, Intuitive Approach for Fashion Design)

  • 최윤미
    • 복식문화연구
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.71-83
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    • 1997
  • It is the important situation that the fashion industry is faced to enormous changes in the nation and worldwide market. To cope with this situations, it is necessary to clarify that the concept of fashion design and its process. This study was conducted as followings : 1. Fashion design is the process of problem solving including the steps of understanding problem, visualizing the image of a design concept. 2. The systematic and intuitive approach is harmonized to solve the process of fashion design. 3. The step of understanding problem is consist of the analysis of environments, the explanation of problem, the determination of purposes, the definition of problem and the visualizing the image of a design concept. 4. In the step of the visualizing the image of a design concept, the intuitive approaches can be clarifies as the importance of start, the step by step process, the determination of a design concept, the fixations of an image, the image realization through real objects, the diminution a difference between a concept and a visualizing the image and the necessity of exercises.

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Addressing the New User Problem of Recommender Systems Based on Word Embedding Learning and Skip-gram Modelling

  • Shin, Su-Mi;Kim, Kyung-Chang
    • 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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    • 제21권7호
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    • pp.9-16
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    • 2016
  • Collaborative filtering(CF) uses the purchase or item rating history of other users, but does not need additional properties or attributes of users and items. Hence CF is known th be the most successful recommendation technology. But conventional CF approach has some significant weakness, such as the new user problem. In this paper, we propose a approach using word embedding with skip-gram for learning distributed item representations. In particular, we show that this approach can be used to capture precise item for solving the "new user problem." The proposed approach has been tested on the Movielens databases. We compare the performance of the user based CF, item based CF and our approach by observing the change of recommendation results according to the different number of item rating information. The experimental results shows the improvement in our approach in measuring the precision applied to new user problem situations.