• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.5-10
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• 2007

Ultrasonication was employed to prepare solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for smart probiotic nanoparticles as a nanofood. The model probiotic material, lactocin from Lactobacillus plantarum (CBT-LP2), was incorporated into SLN. The CBT-LP2 loaded SLN (CBT-LP2-SLN) were spherical in the photograph of scanning electron microscope (SEM). The particle size measured by laser diffraction (LD) was found to be $97.3{\pm}8.2nm$. Zeta potential analyzer suggested the zeta potential of LP-SLN was $-29.36{\pm}3.68$ mV in distilled water. The entrapment efficiency (EE%) was determined with the sephadex gel chromatogram and high-performance liquid chromatogram (HPLC), and up to 90.59% of nanofood was incorporated. Stability evaluation showed relatively long-term stability with only slight particle growth (P>0.05) after storage at room temperature for 4 weeks. Therefore, ultrasonication is demonstrated to be a simple, available and effective method to prepare high quality SLN loaded probiotic material.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.473-477
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• 2011

A number of health benefits have been claimed for probiotic bacteria such as Bifidobacterium (B) spp. Lactobacillus(L) acidophilus, and Lactococcus(Lc) cremoris. Viability of probiotic bacteria is important in order to provide health benefits. Only a limited culture media for the test purpose of probiotic bacteria are commercially available (MRS broth), but the media for large-scale propagation of viable cells which are able to be used as food additive are not available. The manufacture of a low priced and preferred novel medium for probiotic bacteria was therefore, attempted using whey protein concentrate(WPC) and Makgeolli sludge as a starting material. The effect of WPC and Makgeolli sludge on the growth of four strains (B. bifidum 15696, B. longum 15707, L. acidophilus CH-2, and Lc. cremoris 20076) was investigated. Medium prepared such as WPC, Makgeolli sludge, and WPC+Makgeolli sludge(WPCMs). It was observed that the growth of 4 strains (B. bifidum 15696, B. longum 15707, L. acidophilus CH-2, and Lc. cremoris 20076) was stimulated by Makgeolli sludge, WPC, WPCMs. Especially, Viable cell number of 4 strains in the WPCMs were higher than that of the single media. These result suggest the possibility that Makgeolli and WPC, acts as a growth factor for the growth of probiotic bacteria.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.309-323
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• 2019

Fish oil consists of omega-3 fatty acids which play an important role in human health. Its susceptibility to oxidation causes considerable degradation during the processing and storage of food products. Accordingly, encapsulation of this ingredient through freeze drying was studied with the aim of protecting it against environmental conditions. Gum arabic (GA) was used as the wall material for fish oil nanoencapsulation where tween 80 was applied as the emulsifier. A water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion was prepared by sonication, containing 6% fish oil dispersed in aqueous solutions including 20% and 25% total wall material. The emulsion was sonicated at 24 kHz for 120 s. The emulsion was then freeze-dried and the nanocapsules were incorporated into probiotic fermented milk, with the effects of nanocapsules examined on the milk. The results showed that the nanoparticles encapsulated with 25% gum arabic and 4% emulsifier had the highest encapsulation efficiency (EE) (87.17%) and the lowest surface oil (31.66 mg/100 kg). Using nanoencapsulated fish oil in fermented milk significantly (p<0.05) increased the viability of Lactobacillus plantarum as well as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contents. The fermented milk sample containing fish oil nanoencapsulated with 25% wall material and 4% emulsifier yielded the greatest probiotic bacterial count (8.41 Log CFU/mL) and the lowest peroxide value (0.57 mEq/kg). Moreover, this sample had the highest EPA and DHA contents. Utilizing this nanoencapsulated fish oil did not adversely affect fermented milk overall acceptance. Therefore, it can be used for fortification of low fat probiotic fermented milk.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.592-600
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• 2021

Probiotics can be processed into a powder, tablet, or capsule form for easy intake. They are exposed to frequent stresses not only during complex processing steps, but also in the human body after intake. For this reason, various coating agents that promote probiotic bacterial stability in the intestinal environment have been developed. Silk fibroin (SF) is a material used in a variety of fields from drug delivery systems to enzyme immobilization and has potential as a coating agent for probiotics. In this study, we investigated this potential by coating probiotic strains with 0.1% or 1% water-soluble calcium (WSC), 1% SF, and 10% trehalose. Under simulated gastrointestinal conditions, cell viability, cell surface hydrophobicity, and cell adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells were then measured. The survival ratio after freeze-drying was highest upon addition of 0.1% WSC. The probiotic bacteria coated with SF showed improved survival by more than 10.0% under simulated gastric conditions and 4.8% under simulated intestinal conditions. Moreover, the cell adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells was elevated by 1.0-36.0%. Our results indicate that SF has positive effects on enhancing the survival and adhesion capacity of bacterial strains under environmental stresses, thus demonstrating its potential as a suitable coating agent to stabilize probiotics throughout processing, packaging, storage and consumption.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.519-526
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• 2023

Panax ginseng is one of the most important herbal medicinal plants consumed as health functional food and can be fermented to achieve better efficacy. Lacticaseibacillus, one of the representative genera among lactic acid bacteria (LAB), has also been used as a probiotic material for health functional foods due to its beneficial effects on the human body. To achieve a synergistic effect by using these excellent dietary supplement ingredients together, a novel LAB strain was isolated from the root of 6-year-old ginseng. Through similarity analysis of 16S rRNAs and whole-genome sequences, the strain was confirmed as belonging to the genus Lacticaseibacillus and was named L. casei KGC1201. KGC1201 not only met all safety standards as food, but also showed excellent probiotic properties such as acid resistance, bile salt resistance, and intestinal adhesion. In particular, KGC1201 exhibited superior acid resistance through morphological observation identifying that the cell surface damage of KGC1201 was less than that of the L. casei type strain KCTC3109. Gene expression studies were conducted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of KGC1201's acid resistance, and the expression of the glycosyltransferase gene was found to be significantly elevated under acidic conditions. Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) biosynthesized by glycosyltransferase were also increased in KGC1201 compared to KCTC3109, which may contribute to better protection of KGC1201 cells from strong acidity. Therefore, KGC1201, with its increased acid resistance through molecular mechanisms and excellent probiotic properties, can be used in health functional foods to provide greater benefit to overall human health and well-being.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.68-77
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• 2018

바이오제닉 아민 비생성 유산균의 선별을 위해 순창군에서 재배된 베리류 및 엑기스, 식초 등으로부터 42종의 유산균을 분리하였다. 분리주를 대상으로 세포외 효소 활성, 항균 활성, 항산화 활성과 같은 다양한 생리활성 분석을 실시하여 5종의 분리주를 1차 선별하였다. 분리주를 대상으로 바이오제닉 아민 생성 여부를 분석하여 최종적으로 SBB07을 선별하였고, 16S rRNA 염기서열 분석을 통해 Lactobacillus brevis SBB07로 명명하였다. SBB07의 프로바이오틱스 활용 가능성을 확인하기 위해 효소 생산 여부, 내산성, 내담즙성, 내열성, 항생제 내성을 조사하였고, pH 2.0에서의 내산성 및 0.5% oxgall을 함유한 내담즙성에서 각각 86% 이상과 54% 이상의 높은 생존율을 나타내었다. 또한 $60^{\circ}C$에서도 113% 이상의 생존율을 나타내어 내열성도 우수하며 다양한 항생제 내성을 갖는 것을 확인하였다. 프리바이오틱스 이용가능성을 확인한 결과에서는 GOS의 이용 능력이 가장 우수하였으며, FOS와 inulin의 이용 능력도 높게 나타났다. 따라서 SBB07은 세포외 효소 및 항균 활성이 우수하고, 내담즙, 내산성, 내열성 및 항생제 내성을 지니며 프리바이오틱스 기질 이용 능력도 우수한 프로바이오틱스 소재로 활용가능성이 높은 유산균으로 기대된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.346-355
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• 2021

Ngoc Linh ginseng is one of the most valuable endemic medicinal herbs in Vietnam. In this study, Ngoc Linh ginseng callus was fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 (at 6, 7, and 8 log CFU/ml) to evaluate the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds. The post-fermentation solution was spray-dried using maltodextrin with or without Stevia rebaudiana (3% and 6% v/v) as the wall material. Bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, and total saponins, and L. plantarum viability during fermentation and after spray-drying, as well as under simulated gastric digestion, were evaluated in this study. The results showed that probiotic density had a significant effect on bioactive compounds, and L. plantarum at 8 log CFU/ml showed the best results with a short fermentation time compared to other tests. The total content of polyphenols, polysaccharides, and saponins reached 5.16 ± 0.18 mg GAE/g sample, 277.2 ± 6.12 mg Glu/g sample, and 4.17 ± 0.15 mg/g sample, respectively after 20 h of fermentation at the initial density of L. plantarum (8 log CFU/ml). Although there was no difference in the particle structure of the preparation, the microencapsulation efficiency of the bioactive compound in the samples containing S. rebaudiana was higher than that with only maltodextrin. The study also indicated that adding S. rebaudiana improved the viability of L. plantarum in gastric digestion. These results showed that S. rebaudiana, a component stimulating probiotic growth, combined with maltodextrin as a co-prebiotic, improved the survival rate of L. plantarum in simulated gastric digestion.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2004

Cranberries have long been used by lay people to relieve the symptoms of urinary tract infections. Recent research has determined that the component of cranberry called proanthocyanidin (PAC) is the primary mechanism for inhibiting P-fimbriated E.coli adhesion to uroepithelial cells in vitro. A series of experiments were performed to determine the effects of PAC on growth and adhesion of uropathogenic E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus to urinary catheter material. The results showed that PAC-inhibited binding of Gram positive S. aureus to collagen coated surfaces and significantly decreased the growth of these bacteria. P-fimbriated E.coli did not bind well to the biomaterial and their growth was unaffected by the cranberry extract with the exception of some loss in viability at 1000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL after 5 to 18 hours of exposure. This is the first report of the potential for cranberries to interfere with the adhesion and growth of S. aureus, a multi-drug resistant organisms responsible for morbidity and mortality especially in hospitalized patients.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.1146-1153
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• 2022

Many probiotic species have been used as a fermentation starter for manufacturing functional food materials. We have isolated Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis LDTM 8102 from the feces of infants as a novel strain for fermentation. While Glycine max has been known to display various bioactivities including anti-oxidant, anti-skin aging, and anti-cancer effects, the immune-modulatory effect of Glycine max has not been reported. In the current study, we have discovered that the extract of Glycine max fermented with B. animalis subsp. lactis LDTM 8102 (GFB 8102), could exert immuno-modulatory properties. GFB 8102 treatment increased the production of immune-stimulatory cytokines in RAW264.7 macrophages without any noticeable cytotoxicity. Analysis of the molecular mechanism revealed that GFB 8102 could upregulate MAPK2K and MAPK signaling pathways including ERK, p38, and JNK. GFB 8102 also increased the proliferation rate of splenocytes isolated from mice. In an animal study, administration of GFB 8102 partially recovered cyclophosphamide-mediated reduction in thymus and spleen weight. Moreover, splenocytes from the GFB 8102-treated group exhibited increased TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β production. Based on these findings, GFB 8102 could be a promising functional food material for enhancing immune function.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2010

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are typical probiotic microbes which are used in various industries including fermented foods, feed additives, and pharmaceuticals. The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of antioxidative activities of 23 strains of LAB isolated from cheese, kimchi, yogurt, and etc. LAB were tested for antioxidative activities such as 2,2'- azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging abilities and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like ability. Antioxidative activities were examined different media such as MRS, M17, and 10% skim milk. Culture supernatant in M17 medium showed a higher antioxidative activity than these in MRS and 10% skim milk. Comparison of ABTS radical scavenging ability by the LAB showed a wide variation with a range from 9~93% and SOD-like ability of LAB ranged from 70~78%, respectively. Therfore, some of LAB can play important roles in the protection for oxidative stress and CPP-producing activity of LAB may be a promising material for application in the dairy industry.