• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.90-98
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• 2018

계란 가공 부산물인 난각(ES: Eggshell)은 탄산칼슘 함량이 높아 사료에 첨가하여 칼슘원으로 이용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 ES를 생균제의 부형제인 운반체로서 활용 가능성을 처음으로 시도하였다. L. plantarum을 대두박(SBM: Soybean meal), 난각조각(ESL: Eggshell powder with large particles), 난각미세분말(ESF: Eggshell powder with fine particles), 그리고 이들의 복합운반체인 SBM+ESL과 SBM+ESF에 생균제를 흡착시켜 그 부착상태를 주사전자현미경으로 확인하였다. 이 중 복합운반체인 SBM+ESF는 상온에서 4주 동안 pH 7~8을 유지하면서 L. plantarum의 가장 높은 생존율을 보였다. 본 연구에 사용한 모든 생균제들은 보존기간 동안 $4^{\circ}C$에서는 높은 생존율을 보였다. $30^{\circ}C$에서는 유산균수는 크게 감소하였으나, B. licheniformis는 높은 생존율을 유지하였고 B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens와 S. cerevisiae는 $2{\log}_{10}$ (CFU/g)정도 감소하였다. 상기 연구결과는 사료의 칼슘원으로 이용되는 난각미세분말(ESF)을 대두박과 혼합하여 사용하면 B. licheniformis를 비롯한 일부 생균제의 생존성을 향상시켜 부형제(운반체)로도 사용할 수 있음을 밝혔다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.812-817
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• 2012

Nitrate can serve as a terminal electron acceptor in place of carbon dioxide and inhibit methane emission in the rumen and nitrate reducing bacteria might help enhance the reduction of nitrate/nitrite, which depends on the type of feed offered to animals. In this study the effects of three levels of sodium nitrate (0, 5, 10 mM) on fermentation of three diets varying in their wheat straw to concentrate ratio (700:300, low concentrate, LC; 500:500, medium concentrate, MC and 300:700, high concentrate, HC diet) were investigated in vitro using buffalo rumen liquor as inoculum. Nitrate reducing bacteria, isolated from the rumen of buffalo were tested as a probiotic to study if it could help in enhancing methane inhibition in vitro. Inclusion of sodium nitrate at 5 or 10 mM reduced (p<0.01) methane production (9.56, 7.93 vs. 21.76 ml/g DM; 12.20, 10.42 vs. 25.76 ml/g DM; 15.49, 12.33 vs. 26.86 ml/g DM) in LC, MC and HC diets, respectively. Inclusion of nitrate at both 5 and 10 mM also reduced (p<0.01) gas production in all the diets, but in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) of feed reduced (p<0.05) only in LC and MC diets. In the medium at 10 mM sodium nitrate level, there was 0.76 to 1.18 mM of residual nitrate and nitrite (p<0.01) also accumulated. In an attempt to eliminate residual nitrate and nitrite in the medium, the nitrate reducing bacteria were isolated from buffalo adapted to nitrate feeding and introduced individually (3 ml containing 1.2 to $2.3{\times}10^6$ cfu/ml) into in vitro incubations containing the MC diet with 10 mM sodium nitrate. Addition of live culture of NRBB 57 resulted in complete removal of nitrate and nitrite from the medium with a further reduction in methane and no effect on IVTD compared to the control treatments containing nitrate with autoclaved cultures or nitrate without any culture. The data revealed that nitrate reducing bacteria can be used as probiotic to prevent the accumulation of nitrite when sodium nitrate is used to reduce in vitro methane emissions.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권6호
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• pp.1314-1327
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• 2021

Bacillus is characterized by the formation of spores in harsh environments, which makes it suitable for use as a probiotic for feed because of thermostability and high survival rate, even under long-term storage. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Bacillus-based probiotics on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, immune response, and intestinal microbiota of weaned pigs. A total of 40 weaned pigs (7.01 ± 0.86 kg body weight [BW]; 28 d old) were randomly assigned to two treatments (4 pigs/pen; 5 replicates/treatment) in a randomized complete block design (block = BW and sex). The dietary treatment was either a typical nursery diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON) or CON supplemented with 0.01% probiotics containing a mixture of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis (PRO). Fecal samples were collected daily by rectal palpation for the last 3 days after a 4-day adaptation. Blood, ileal digesta, and intestinal tissue samples were collected from one pig in each pen at the respective time points. The PRO group did not affect the feed efficiency, but the average daily gain was significantly improved (p < 0.05). The PRO group showed a trend of improved crude protein digestibility (p < 0.10). The serum transforming growth factor-β1 level tended to be higher (p < 0.10) in the PRO group on days 7 and 14. There was no difference in phylum level of the intestinal microbiota, but there were differences in genus composition and proportions. However, β-diversity analysis showed no statistical differences between the CON and the PRO groups. Taken together, Bacillus-based probiotics had beneficial effects on the growth performance, immune system, and intestinal microbiota of weaned pigs, suggesting that Bacillus can be utilized as a functional probiotic for weaned pigs.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2022

본 연구는 여름철 γ-aminobutyric(GABA)와 생균제 급여가 산란 종계의 생산성, 계란품질, 혈액 생화학 조성, corticosteron에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 24주령의 산란 종계 총 105수를 3개 처리(대조구, GABA, probiotics), 처리당 7반복, 반복당 5수로 설정하여 사양실험을 실시하였다. GABA와 생균제는 배합사료 내 각각 50ppm과 0.1%로 첨가하여, 총 6주간 실험을 실시하였다. 전기간 산란종계의 평균 계란 생산량, 산란량은 대조구보다 생균제 급여 처리구에서 유의적으로 높았으며(P<0.05), FCR은 생균제 급여 처리구에서 낮은 값을 나타내었다(P<0.05). 산란 종계 계란의 난중, 난백고 높이, Haugh units, 난황색, 난각두께, 난각강도에서 처리구간의 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 모든 혈청 생화학 조성에서 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 혈청 내 corticosterone 농도는 GABA와 생균제 급여로 인하여 대조구보다 유의적으로 감소하였다(P<0.05). 따라서 GABA와 생균제 급여 시 고온기 산란 종계의 스트레스를 완화시킬 수 있는 것으로 사료되며, 특히 생균제 급여는 계란 생산성 및 산란량 성적을 개선할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.640-646
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• 2009

발효유제품, 김치, 및 신생아 분변 등에서 유산균을 분리하여 isoflavone 전환 능력을 평가하였다. 유산균 중 높은 수준의 $\beta$-glucosidase 활성을 보인 균주는 Enterococcus sp. 77, L. paracasei, Lactobacillus sp. 712, L. brevis ATCC 8287, Lactococcus sp. KU107, L. acidophilus KCNU, L. plantarum L155 등으로 나타났다. 이들 유산균에 대하여 유당 발효성을 평가하여 가장 우수한 유산균을 선발하여 API, 16S rDNA를 분석한 결과 Lactobacillus plantarum으로 동정되었으며 이 활성 유산균을 Lactobacillus plantarum YS712로 명명하였다. Lactobacillus plantarum YS712는 pH 2.5에서도 약 50% 이상의 강한 생존율을 보였으며 DPPH 라디칼 소거능도 95.8%로, 선발된 유산균 중 가장 높은 라디칼 소거능을 나타내었다. 이로써 Lactobacillus plantarum YS712는 발효식품 및 유제품에 다양하게 이용할 가치가 있다고 판단된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.44-53
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• 2020

Calcium is an element that performs many important functions in the human body. A study was conducted on the use of a pulsed electric field (PEF) to enrich cells of Lactobacillus rhamnosus B 442 in calcium ions. The highest concentration of calcium ions in bacterial cells (7.30 mg/g d.m.) was obtained at ion concentration of 200 ㎍/ml of medium and with the use of the following PEF parameters: field strength 3.0 kV/cm, exposure time 10 min, pulse width 75 ms and 20 h of culturing after which bacteria were treated with the field. Cell biomass varied in the range from 0.09 g/g d.m. to 0.252 g/g d.m., and the total number of bacteria ranged from 10¹⁰ CFU/ml to 10¹² CFU/ml. Microscope photographs prove that calcium ions were situated within the cells of the bacteria, and electroporation contributed to an increase in the effectiveness of the ion bioaccumulation process. Samples containing calcium and subjected to electroporation displayed intensive fluorescence. The significance of this research was the possibility of using probiotic bacteria enriched with calcium ions for the production of functional food in subsequent studies.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1159-1168
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• 2012

The experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of Alisma canaliculatum with probiotics (ACP) on the growth performance, meat composition, oxidative stability, and fatty acid composition of broiler meat. Sixteen probiotic strains were tested for their levels of acid, bile, and heat tolerance. Among them, Lactobacillus acidophilus KCTC 3111, Enterococcus faecium KCTC 2022, Bacillus subtilis KCTC 3239, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCTC 7928 were selected for use in ACP. Exactly 140 Ross broiler chicks were assigned to four dietary treatments in five replications for 5 wks in a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments were NC (Negative control; basal diet), PC (Positive control; basal diet with 0.005% Chlortetracycline), ACP-0.5% (basal diet with 0.5% ACP powder), and ACP-1% (basal diet with 1% ACP powder). According to the results, body weight of the broilers increased, and feed conversion ratio improved in the ACP-0.5% group compared to the NC group (p<0.05). Crude protein content of breast meat was higher (p<0.05) in the ACP-0.5% group, whereas crude fat content of thigh meat was lower (p<0.05) in the supplemented groups. Breast meat absolute and relative weights were both higher (p<0.05) in the ACP groups compared to the control group. Further, ACP diets increased gizzard and decreased large intestine relative weights, whereas kidney relative weight decreased upon the addition of a higher level (1%) of ACP (p<0.05). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values of breast and thigh meats were reduced (p<0.05) by ACP supplementation compared to control. Regarding the fatty acid composition of breast meat, arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, PUFA, and n6 fatty acid levels decreased (p<0.05) in the ACP groups, whereas the levels of linoleic acid, PUFA, PUFA/SFA, and n6 fatty acid in thigh meat decreased (p<0.05) by ACP and PC diets. It can be suggested based on the study results that ACP-0.5% diet could be an effective feed additive for broilers.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.200-209
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• 2011

동물은 고기, 우유, 및 달걀과 같은 중요한 산물을 생산한다. 현대사회의 도시화과정 및 고도 성장은 보다 많은 동물성 산물을 요구하고 작은 농장에서 밀집화된 사육이 이루어지게 되는 원인이 되었다. 결과적으로 가축 분뇨생산량이 증가되었으며, 그에 따른 악취문제도 필연적인 결과로 나타났다. 분뇨로 인한 악취문제를 해결하지 못할 경우 축산업의 지속적인 발전과 환경개선을 이루는 큰 장애가 될 것이다. 축산환경으로 생산되는 악취는 휘발성지방산, 암모니아와 휘발성아민, 인돌과 페놀, 그리고 황화합물 네 종류로 분류된다. 질소성분의 절반이상은 뇨로 배설되기 때문에 동물을 사육하는 과정에서 저단백 사료와 합성아미노산을 급여시키고, 소화효소나 미생물제제 혹은 생균제를 사료에 첨가시켜줄 경우 질소원의 배출량을 감소시켜줄 수 있는 중요한 방법이 될 것이다. 따라서, 축산환경의 개선과 축산분야의 생산성을 향상시켜주기 위하여 사료 및 보조사료를 급여하는 다양한 시도가 진행되고 있다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of honeybee venom, purified using bee venom collector, and feeding of probiotics on the body weight gain, growth rate and hematological characteristics of pigs. A total of 120 pigs were examined and divided into 4 groups 1) Control (basal diet), 2) BV (basal diet + bee venom), 3) PB (basal diet + probiotics), 4) BVPB (basal diet + BV + PB). Average daily weight gain improved significantly in all test groups, especially BVPB (P < 0.05) compared to the controls. There was a significant difference in the feed conversion rate (P < 0.05) and efficiency (P < 0.05) between BVPB and control pigs. Weight gain and survivability was higher in the tests than the controls, but white blood cell count was not. Serum total protein, albumin and IgG concentration of BVPB were slightly higher than those of controls. These results suggest that treated honeybee venom and probiotics should be used together to effectively increase the productivity of pigs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제66권2호
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• pp.340-352
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• 2024

This study measured the potential changes of the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract and energy and nutrient digestibility by supplemental bacteriophages in pigs. Twelve castrated male pigs (initial mean body weight = 29.5 ± 2.3 kg) were surgically cannulated using T-cannula. The animals were housed individually in pens equipped with a feeder and a nipple waterer. The pigs were allotted to 1 of 3 experimental diets in a quadruplicated 3 × 2 Latin square design with 3 experimental diets, 2 periods, and 12 pigs resulting in 8 replicates per diet. The 3 diets were a control mainly based on corn and soybean meal with no antibiotics or bacteriophages, a diet containing 0.1% antibiotics, and a diet containing 0.2% bacteriophages. On day 5 of the experimental period, feces were collected and on days 6 and 7, ileal digesta were collected. Genomic DNA for bacteria were extracted from the ileal digesta and feces and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified. The ileal and fecal digestibility of energy, dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and fiber was unaffected by dietary antibiotics or bacteriophages. At the phylum level, the supplemental antibiotic or bacteriophage tended to result in a higher proportion of Firmicutes (p = 0.059) and a lower proportion of Bacteroidetes (p = 0.099) in the ileal digesta samples compared with the control group with no difference between the antibiotic and bacteriophage groups. At the genus level, the supplemental antibiotic or bacteriophage tended to result in a higher proportion of Lactobacillus (p = 0.062) and a lower proportion of Bacteroides (p = 0.074) and Streptococcus (p = 0.088) in the ileal digesta compared with the control group with no difference between the antibiotic and bacteriophage groups. In the feces, supplemental antibiotics or bacteriophages reduced the proportion of Bifidobacterium compared with the control group (p = 0.029) with no difference between the antibiotic and bacteriophage groups. Overall, supplemental antibiotics and bacteriophages showed positive effect on the microbiota of in the ileal digesta without largely affecting energy or nutrient digestibility, with no differences between the antibiotic and bacteriophage groups in growing pigs.