• 제목/요약/키워드: prime factors

검색결과 191건 처리시간 0.024초

티벳의학에 대한 연구 - "사부의전(四部醫典).근본의전(根本醫典)"을 중심으로 (Study on "Four Tantras", the Prime Textbook of Tibetan Medicine)

  • 장은영;윤창열
    • 대한한의학원전학회지
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.416-512
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    • 1998
  • The following conclusions are obtained from the studies on the chapters concerning phisiology, pathology, daily conduct, materia medica, pulse, and urinalysis from , of the "Four Tantras". 1. The theoretical basis forming the Tibetan Medicine is the substance of phlegm, bile, and wind each of which is divided into five kinds. These phisiological substances can be transformed into pathological factors when certain environment is formed. 2. In embryology, the semen of the father and menstral blood of mother is considered the most important condition in conception, and the Five factors are regarded as important. There is a detailed explanation of development of the fetus while it stays in the womb of mother during 38weeks, such as the formation of the viscera, channels, sense organs, etc. 3. There is metaphor which compares the human body with the king's palace. With the development of human anatomy, there is the detailed anatomical picture of anterior and posterior aspects of human body. And also there is the measurement of physiological constitution and the three fluids. 4. In division of the channels, they concerned the now of the blood and distribution of the nerve fibers, and each channel is connected with one another. The division of the cannel is namely embryonic channel, channel of existence, channel of connection, and the course of life principle. 5. The seven bodily constituents and three factors of phlegm, bile, and wind are important in sustaining the life of human body as well as growth and maturization, and when their equilibrium is broken, the human body is degnerated, and finally death comes. 6. The signs of death is divided into distant sign, remote sign, certain sign. and uncertain sign, and is used as a clue in diagnosis of the disease. Especially there is a mention about the mechanism of the dreams, and different dreams according to the condition of the patient. 7. In pathology, there is the cause of the disease, the environmental factors which can induce disease, the path by which disease come into the human body, the characteristics of the disease, and the kinds of disease. 8. There is a mention about the conduct, and it is divided into the daily conduct, the mental attitude, and the side-effects which can occur when one puts up with the physiological actions of the body. 9. The daily diet is divided into food and beverage. The food is divided again into grain, meat, fat, boiled food, and spiced food, and the beverage into milk, water, and wine. 10. The pulsation should be taken in lift hand to diagnose heart, small intestine, stomach, spleen, kidney, reproductive organ, and in right hand jungs, large intestine, liver, gall bladder, kidney, and bladder. In the healthy person, the pulse moves 5times in one perspiration, and the type of pulse is constant while the pulse moves 100times. But unhealthy person's pulse is different from this. The urinalysis is the unique part of Tibetan Medicine, and is important in examination of the disease. One should decide which of the three factors are dominant by the obervation of the color, amount of the steam and how long it lasts, odour, foam, and the shape of the swirl in three different states when the urine is hot, warm, and cold. One can determine the life of the patient and which viscera is the cause of the disease by the pulse, and whether the nature of the disease is hot or cold by the urinalysis. 11. The materia medica contains gemstones, minerals, plateau medication, and meat products.

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소상공인 경쟁력 강화의 지원제도에 관한 연구 - 소상공인 지원제도를 중심으로 - (A Study on the Support System for Reinforcement of Competitiveness of Small Business persons - Mainly Focused on Support System for Small Business Persons -)

  • 우대일;이상윤
    • 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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    • 제2권2호
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    • pp.95-110
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    • 2011
  • 글로벌 경제여건의 불안과 우리 경제의 양극화가 심화됨에 따라, 중소기업과 소상공인의 체감경기는 여전히 낮으며 불안한 실정이다. 2007년 서브프라임 사태로 촉발된 전 세계적 금융시스템의 붕괴는, 세계 각국의 금융산업의 근간을 흔들리게 하는 촉진제 역할이 되었으며, 이에 가장 민감한 계층인 소상공인들의 생존 활로 역시 큰 위험을 맞고 있는 실정이다. 제조, 도매, 소매 등 유통산업의 모든 구성력이 상호 연계성과 의존성이 점차 커지고 있으며, 리스크에 대한 불안요소 역시 점차 증가되고 있는 것이 현실이다. 소상공인 스스로의 활로개척으로는 생존할 수 없는 외부 환경적, 물리적 리스크의 요인이 점차 커지고 있어, 이에 대응하지 못하는 소상공인들은 큰 위기를 맞고 있다. 이를 극복하기 위해 정부에서는 여러 가지 노력을 기울이고 있으나, 그 효과가 지속적이지 못하고 있는 것이 안타까울 따름이다. 고용과 창출의 지속성이 떨어지는 단기근로중심의 일자리 증가와 가계소득의 체감저하등으로 인해, 전반적인 고용 및 창업등의 자영업 시장이 개선되지 못하는 악순환이 나타나고 있는 실정이다. 최근 유럽 각국에서 발생되는 재정위기 및, 김정일 사후, 북한과의 관계상황, 중동전세의 불안등 다국적인 리스크 요인들로 인해 성장세가 둔화되는 조짐을 보이고 있다. 전문기관들의 지표상 성장 통계는 4%내외로 예상되고 있으며, 서민들이 느끼는 자영업 경기는 여전히 암울하다. 일자리부족과, 고용불안, 은퇴 후 생계수단에 대한 마땅한 대책이 없는 것이 주위의 현실이다. 좁고, 과당경쟁의 상태에 놓여있는 시장에 대기업의 진출 또한, 더욱 상황을 어렵게 만드는 환경적 요인으로 판단해 볼 수 있다. 프랜차이즈라는 경영 컨셉이 과연, 자영업자의 삶을 안정적으로 보장해 줄 수 있는 제도적 열쇠인지를 우리는 다시금 판단해봐야 할 부분이기도 하다. 사업분야의 진입장벽을 뚫고, 자영업자와의 상생을 외치며, 오늘도 무섭게 대기업은 진출하고 있다. 고통스러운 내수침체를 겪고 있고, 앞날을 기대할 수 없고, 혼란스럽 불안한 자영업을 영위해 나가는 것이 바로 소상공인이다. 하루빨리, 현명한 소비진작으로 내수경기를 회복시키는 일이 매우 중요하다. 정부와 관련기관등이 힘을 하나로 모아, 고민하고, 해법을 제시하고, 제대로 된 방향을 설정하여 책임있게 끌고 나가는 것이 무엇보다 중요한 시점이다. 따라서 본 연구는 현재 시행되고 있는 소상공인 지원정책을 검토하여, 소상공인의 경쟁력 강화를 제시하는데 목적이 있다.

병원중심 가정간호사업 관리대상범위 확대를 위한 기초연구 (A Preliminary Study for Expending of Hospital-Based Horne Health Care Coverage - Focused on Accident Inpatients Who has the Workers Compensation Insurance -)

  • 이숙자;이진경;유호신
    • 가정∙방문간호학회지
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    • 제6권
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    • pp.5-18
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    • 1999
  • This study was attempt to encourage for developing on rehabilitation delivery system and programs as a substitute service instead of hospitalization for accident patients at work, such as hospital based home health care nursing service. It needs vary substitutes service of hospitalization to curtail the length of stay for inpatients who were hospitalized with workers compensation insurance. It focused on developing an estimation of early discharge day of accident inpatients based on a detail statement of treatment for 115 inpatients who were hospitalized at General Hospital in 1997. This study has four specific purpose as follows. First, to find out the status of health service utilization. Second, to estimate the early discharge days and income increasing effect based on the early discharge for those patients. Third, to identify the factors to affect total medical expenditure and the length of stay for those inpatients. Forth, to figure out the need of utilizing home health care nursing service for accident patients. In order to analyze of the length of stay and medical expenditure for inpatients who were hospitalized due to the accident, the authors conducted with micro-analysis and macroanalysis from medical records and medical expenditure records. Micro-analysis was done by nominal group discussion of 4 expertise with the critical criteria. such as a decrease in the amount of treatment after surgery, treatments, tests, drugs and changes in the tests consistency, drug methods, vital signs, start of ROM exercise, doctor's order, patient's outside visiting ability, stable conditions. In addition to identify affected variables for medical expenditure. the length of stay and income effect due to early discharge day, the data was analyzed with multiple regression analysis and linear regression analysis model by SPSS-PC for windows and Excell program. Results of this study as follows. First, the mean length of stay was 37.1 days, whereas the mean length of stay due to early discharge was 28.2 days at the hospital. The estimation of early discharge days were shown that depends on the length of stay. The longer length of stay, the longer length of early discharge days, such as under 7 days length of stay patients was to estimated the mean length of stay was 4.9 days and early discharge days was 4.6. whereas the mean length of stay was 122.6 days and early discharge days was 92.0 respectively. The mean medical expenditure per day were found to be 133.409 Won. whereas the mean medical expenditure per day was shown negative linear trends according to the length of stay at the hospital. The estimation results of the income effect due to 11 early discharge days per bed was around 2,150,000 won. However, it means not the real benefits from early discharge, but the income increasing amount without considering medical prime cost in general hospital. Therefore, it needs further analysis on the cost containments and benefits under the considering as well turn over rates per bed as the medical prime costs. The length of stay was most significant and the sign was positive to the total medical expenditure, as expected. Surgery and patient's residential area also an important variable in explaining medical expenditure. The level of complications was most significant variable in explaining the length of stay. The level of the needs on horne health care nursing service which can be used for early discharge accident patients were shown very high. The needs distribution varied from 65.5% of patients and 88.9% of caregivers, to 96.4% of doctors, and 99.1% of nurses. In addition horne health nurse responded that they can be managed the accident inpatients from early discharge. From these research findings. the following suggestions has been drawn it needs to develop strategies on rehabilitation delivery system in order to focused on consumer's side which is planned for 21 century health policy in Korea. Vary intermediate facilities and horne health care would have been developed in the community based for comprehensive rehabilitation services as a substitutes of hospitalization for shortening the length of stay of hospitalizations. In hospital based horne health care nursing service, it's available immediately to utilize for the patients who wanted rehabilitation services as a substitutes of hospitalization under the cooperations with workers compensation insurance company.

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Reproductive Performance of Holstein Dairy Cows Grazing in Dry-summer Subtropical Climatic Conditions: Effect of Heat Stress and Heat Shock on Meiotic Competence and In vitro Fertilization

  • Pavani, Krishna;Carvalhais, Isabel;Faheem, Marwa;Chaveiro, Antonio;Reis, Francisco Vieira;da Silva, Fernando Moreira
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제28권3호
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    • pp.334-342
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    • 2015
  • The present study was designed to evaluate how environmental factors in a dry-summer subtropical climate in Terceira-Azores (situated in the North Atlantic Ocean: $38^{\circ}43^{\prime}N27^{\circ}12^{\prime}W$) can affect dairy cow (Holstein) fertility, as well as seasonal influence on in vitro oocytes maturation and embryos development. Impact of heat shock (HS) effects on in vitro oocyte's maturation and further embryo development after in vitro fertilization (IVF) was also evaluated. For such purpose the result of the first artificial insemination (AI) performed 60 to 90 days after calving of 6,300 cows were recorded for one year. In parallel, climatic data was obtained at different elevation points (n = 5) from 0 to 1,000 m and grazing points from 0 to 500 m, in Terceira island, and the temperature humidity index (THI) was calculated. For in vitro experiments, oocytes (n = 706) were collected weekly during all year, for meiotic maturation and IVF. Further, to evaluate HS effect, 891 oocytes were collected in the cold moths (December, January, February and March) and divided in three groups treated to HS for 24 h during in vitro maturation at: C (Control = $38.5^{\circ}C$), HS1 ($39.5^{\circ}C$) and HS2 ($40.5^{\circ}C$). Oocytes from each group were used for meiotic assessment and IVF. Cleavage, morula and blastocyst development were evaluated respectively on day 2, 6, and 9 after IVF. A negative correlation between cow's conception rate (CR) and THI in grazing points (-91.3%; p<0.001) was observed. Mean THI in warmer months (June, July, August and September) was $71.7{\pm}0.7$ and the CR ($40.2{\pm}1.5%$) while in cold months THI was $62.8{\pm}0.2$ and CR was $63.8{\pm}0.4%$. A similar impact was obtained with in vitro results in which nuclear maturation rate (NMR) ranged from 78.4% (${\pm}8.0$) to 44.3% (${\pm}8.1$), while embryos development ranged from 53.8% (${\pm}5.8$) to 36.3% (${\pm}3.3$) in cold and warmer months respectively. In vitro HS results showed a significant decline (p<0.05) on NMR of oocytes for every $1^{\circ}C$ rising temperature ($78.4{\pm}8.0$, $21.7{\pm}3.1$ and $8.9{\pm}2.2$, respectively for C, HS1, and HS2). Similar results were observed in cleavage rate and embryo development, showing a clear correlation (96.9 p<0.05) between NMR and embryo development with respect to temperatures. Results clearly demonstrated that, up to a THI of 70.6, a decrease in the CR occurs in first AI after calving; this impairment was confirmed with in vitro results.

병원중심 가정간호관리대상 범위 확대를 위한 기초연구(II) - 자동차보험가입 입원환자를 대상으로 - (A Preliminary Study for Expending of Hospital-Based Home Health Care Coverage - Focused on Car Accident Inpatients Who has the Compensation Insurance -)

  • 박은숙;이숙자;박영주;유호신
    • 가정∙방문간호학회지
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.58-72
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    • 2000
  • This study was an attempt to encourage the development of a rehabilitation delivery system and programs as a substitute service for hospitalization on the case of car accident patients, such as hospital based home health care nursing services. Various substitute services for hospitalization are required to curtail the length of stay for inpatients who were hospitalized with car accident compensation insurance. It focused on developing an estimation an early discharge day for car accident inpatients based on detailed statements of treatment for 111 inpatients who were hospitalized at the General Hospital in 1997. This study had four specific purposes as follows. First. to find out the utilization of medical services. Second, to estimate the time of early discharge and income increasing effect based on early discharge for those patients. Third, to identify the factors affecting total medical expenditure and the length of stay for those inpatients. Forth, to figure out the need of utilizing home health care nursing service for accident patients. In order to analyze the length of stay and medical expenditure for inpatients who were hospitalized due to car accidents, the authors conducted micro- and macro-analysis of medical and medical expenditure records. Micro-analysis was done by nominal group discussion of 4 expertise with the critical criteria, such as a decrease in the amount of treatment after surgery, treatments, tests, drugs and changes in the test consistency, drug methods, vital signs, start of ROM exercise, doctor's order, patient's outside visiting ability, and stable conditions. In addition to identifying variables affecting medical expenditure, and the length of stay and income effect due to early discharge day, the data was analyzed with a multiple regression analysis and linear regression analysis model by SPSS-PC for windows and Excell program. Results of this study were as follows. First. the mean length of stay was 50.3 days. whereas the mean length of stay due to early discharge was 34.3 days at the hospital. The estimation of time of early discharge depended on the length of stay. The longer the length of stay, the longer the length of time of early discharge : for instance a length of stay under 10 days was estimated as correlating to a mean length of stay of 6.6 days and early discharge of 6.5. The mean length of stay was 217.4 days and the time of early discharge was 110.1 respectively. The mean medical expenditure per day was found to be 169.085 Won and the mean medical expenditure per day showed negative linear trends according to the length of stay at the hospital. The estimation results of the income effect due to being discharged 16 days early was around 2,244,000 won per bed. However. this sum does not represent the real benefits resulting from early discharge, but rather the income increasing amount without considering medical prime cost in the general hospital. Therefore, further analysis is required on the cost containments and benefits as turn over rate per bed as the medical prime costs. The length of stay was most significant and was positive to the total medical expenditure, as expected. Surgery and patient's residential area was also an important variable in explaining medical expenditure. The level of complications was the most significant variable in explaining the length of stay. There was a high level for need a home health care nursing service which further supports early discharge for accident patients. In addition, when the patient was discharged. they needed follow up care for complications suffered during the car accident. $86.8\%$ of discharged patients responded that they needed home health services after early discharge. From these research findings, the following suggestions have been drawn. Strategies on a health care delivery system must be developed in order to focus on the consumer's needs and being planned for 21 century health policy in Korea. Community based intermediate facilities or home health care should be developed for rehabilitation services as a substitute for hospitalization in order to shorten the length of stay would be. A hospital based home health care nursing service. it would be available immediately to utilize by patients who want rehabilitation services as a substitute for hospitalization with the cooperation of car insurance companies.

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농촌지역 삵(Prionailurus bengalensis)의 서식지 선택과 관리방안 (Habitat Selection and Management of the Leopard Cat(Prionailurus bengalensis) in a Rural Area of Korea)

  • 최태영;권혁수;우동걸;박종화
    • 한국환경생태학회지
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    • 제26권3호
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    • pp.322-332
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    • 2012
  • 본 연구는 원격무선추적 자료를 바탕으로 우리나라의 농촌지역에 서식하는 삵의 행동권, 서식지 선택, 개체군 위협요인을 파악하고자 하였으며 3개체(수컷 2, 암컷 1)를 대상으로 한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 행동권은 평균 $2.64{\pm}1.99km^2$(K 95)와 $3.69{\pm}1.34km^2$(MCP 100)이었으며, 핵심공간은 평균 $0.64{\pm}0.47km^2$(K 50)를 나타냈고, 겨울철에 추적된 수컷의 행동권이 가장 넓었다($5.19km^2$, MCP 100). 둘째, Jacobs index에 기반을 둔 Johnson의 서식지 선택모형을 분석한 결과 삵은 2단계 선택(경관 내에서의 서식지 선택)에서 초지와 논을 선호하고 산림은 회피하는 반면에, 3단계 선택(행동권 내에서의 서식지 선택)에서는 하천변의 초지를 매우 선호하고 논을 회피하였다. 셋째, 로드킬은 삵의 심각한 개체군 위협요인으로 판단되며, 논의 토지피복 비율이 높고, 하천변에 도로가 존재하며, 산림이 마을 주위에만 소규모로 존재하는 지역에서는 삵의 개체군 유지가 매우 불안정할 수 있어 이러한 지역에 로드킬 대책과 하천변 초지보호 등의 노력이 보다 집중되어야 할 것이다.

글로벌 금융위기 동안 전이효과에 대한 추정 (Estimation of the Spillovers during the Global Financial Crisis)

  • 이경희;김경수
    • 경영과정보연구
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    • 제39권2호
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    • pp.17-37
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    • 2020
  • 본 연구의 목적은 2007년~2010년 유로 도입 이후 금융위기 및 그에 따른 EU 부채위기까지의 기간 내에 미국, 유럽 및 BRIC 금융시장 간의 선형과 비선형 인과관계의 존재를 통해 글로벌 전이효과를 조사하는데 있다. 금융위기로 인한 글로벌 전이효과가 잘 설명되어 있지만, 미국, 유럽 및 BRIC 주식시장 간의 변동성 전이효과의 특성 뿐만 아니라 전달 메커니즘은 체계적으로 조사되지 않았다. 동적 선형 및 비선형 인과관계를 조사하기 위해 단계적인 필터링 방법론이 도입되었는데, 이는 벡터자기회귀모형과 다변량 GARCH 모형을 포함한다. 본 논문의 표본은 유로 이후 기간을 포함하고 또한 2007년 금융위기, 2008년 글로벌 금융위기, 2010년 유로존 부채위기도 포함한다. 본 연구의 실증결과는 BRIC 주식시장의 효율성에 많은 함의를 가질 수 있는데 시장의 예측가능성에 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 시장의 금융통합의 과정을 수량화하기 위해서 미래의 연구에 유용할 수 있다. 미국, 유럽 및 BRIC 간의 상호 의존성이 감지되면 금융시장 규제, 헤징 및 거래 전략에 대한 중요한 함의를 나타낼 수 있다. 또한 결과는 BRIC이 미국발 서브프라임 금융위기 이후 국제적으로 통합되고 있고 전이효과가 더욱 구체화 되어 현저하게 나타나고 있다는 것을 보여준다. 더욱이, 탈동조화 견해를 지지하는 일관된 증거가 전혀 없다. 일부 비선형 인과관계는 조사기간 동안 필터링 후에도 지속된다. 비록 꼬리분포 의존성과 고적률이 나머지 상호 의존성의 유의한 요소일 수 있을지라도, 이것은 비선형 인과관계가 단순한 변동성 효과에 의해 대체로 설명될 수 있다.

대학생의 생의 의미와 행복의 관계 (The Relationships between Meaning in Life and Happiness among University Students.)

  • 이옥숙;장선희
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제18권9호
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    • pp.113-122
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 대학생의 생의 의미와 행복 정도를 확인하고 이들 변수간의 관계를 파악하며 행복에 영향을 미치는 요인을 규명하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구대상자는 경상남도에 소재하는 일개 대학의 재학생 205명을 대상으로 하였다. 자료수집기간은 2016년 10월 10일부터 10월 30일까지였고, 수집된 자료는 빈도와 백분율, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Cronbach's alpha 계수, Pearson's correlation coefficient 및 multiple regression으로 분석하였다. 연구결과 대상자의 행복 점수는 6점 만점에 평균 4.18점, 생의 의미는 5점 만점에 평균 3.73점이었다. 대상자의 일반적 특성에 따른 행복 수준은 성별(p=.045), 학년(p=.038), 전공만족도(p<.001), 건강상태(p<.001)에 따라 차이가 있었다. 대상자의 행복은 하위요인인 자신감(p<.001), 자기통제(p<.001), 긍정적 정서(p<.001)와 생의 의미(p<.001), 생의 의미발견(p<.001), 생의 의미추구(p<.001)와 유의한 양적 상관관계를 보였다. 대상자의 행복에 영향을 미치는 요인은 생의 의미발견, 건강상태, 전공만족도가 유의하였고, 전체 설명력은 41%였다. 따라서 생의 의미는 행복에 밀접한 관련성이 있으며, 가장 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 요인임을 확인하였기에 대학생의 행복강화를 위한 전략 개발에 생의 의미를 높이는 전략이 고려될 것으로 사료된다.

학교폭력 근절 종합대책에 대한 유효성 검증 - 근본대책을 중심으로 - (Comprehensive Measures the Elimination of Violence in Schools validated - Centered on the fundamental countermeasures -)

  • 정성숙
    • 융합보안논문지
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    • 제13권5호
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    • pp.187-196
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    • 2013
  • 최근 학교폭력이 심각한 사회적 병리현상으로 대두되는 시점에서 2012년 2월 국무총리실 주재로 안전행정부와 교육과학기술부 합동으로 "학교폭력근절 종합대책"이라는 정책적 안전장치가 마련되었다. 이 정책은 2012년 3월부터 1년간 시범운영을 하게 되었으나, 실효성에 대한 우려의 목소리가 일각에서는 적지 않게 제기되고 있는 실정이다. 그래서 본 연구는 "학교폭력근절종합대책"에 대한 실효성을 검증해 보고자 각 정책항목(근본대책)을 5점 Likert 척도로 설문지를 구성한 후 서울에 소재하고 있는 고등학교에 재직 중인 172명의 교사들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 근본대책 가운데, '교육 전반에 걸친 인성교육 실천'에 대한 대책안 총 12개(관련없는 1문항 제외) 가운데, '다양한 예술교육 기회 확대 및 독서활동을 지원'이 평균값이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 다음으로는 '인성발달 관련 특기사항 결과를 입학사정관전형, 자기주도 학습 전형에 반영'이 높게 나타났다. 그리고 '가정과 사회의 역할 강화'에 대한 대책안 총 3개 가운데, '범정부적으로 학교폭력 근절을 위해 방송, 언론, 시민단체와 연계하여 연중 캠페인 실시'가 평균값이 가장 높게 나타났다. 마지막으로 '게임 인터넷 중독 등 유해요인 대책'에 관한 대책안 총 7개 가운데, '게임 인터넷 중독 예방을 위한'학생 생활지도 요령'에 따라 단계적으로 게임 인터넷 중독 예방교육 강화'가 평균값이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 다음으로 '인터넷 중독 예방교육에 필요한 다양한 교육용 콘텐츠를 개발하여 현장에 보급'으로 조사되었다.

NIS quality analysis of pre- and post-harvest sugarcane.

  • Johnson, Sarah E.;Berding, Nils
    • 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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    • pp.1621-1621
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    • 2001
  • The quality of sugarcane grown on the NE Australian tropical coast ($16^{\circ}$15'- $18^{\circ}$15' S Lat.) has declined markedly in the past seven years. This has been linked to dilution of mill-supply cane with increasing levels of non mature-stalk material consisting of leaves and sucker culms. The prime research objective was to examine the transition from the pre-harvest, in-field crop to harvested material sent for processing, in terms of quality and crop fraction proportions. A secondary objective was to quantify the effects of preharvest-season crop habit and culm condition on crop quality. Ten quadrat samples from each of 54 random crop sites (17 in 1999 and 37 in 2000), covering a wide range of variables (cultivar, crop class, and edaphic, topographic, climatic, and temporal factors) were collected immediately before harvest. Samples were partitioned into four fractions:- sound and unsound mature stalks (culms), sucker culms, and extraneous matter (leaves). Material harvested from each site was sampled and partitioned into four fractions:- sound and unsound billets (culm pieces), culm-spindle pieces, and leaf. In 2000, before harvest, 14 additional sites were sampled monthly, on three occasions, from March - June. Erect and non-erect culms were divided into sound and unsound classes. All samples were disintegrated and presented to a remote reflectance module of a scanning spectrophotometer using the BSES large cassette module. Near infra-red spectroscopic (NIS) analyses were developed for the rapid determination of quality components (Brix, commercial cane sugar (CCS), fibre, moisture, and polariscope reading). Calibrations for three material groups (culm (n = 639), non-culm (n = 496), and combined) were developed for all components using the 1999 data set. Two sub-sets (n = 178, and 190) of about 10% of the preharvest-season and harvest populations scanned in 2000 also were subjected to full routine laboratory analyses. The 1999 combined calibrations were excellent, but the culm calibrations produced consistently lower standard errors. Non-culm calibrations were marginally better than the combined for only CCS and pol. reading. Analysis of the 2000 culm data with calibrations using all 1999 and 2000 culm data resulted in better predictions relative to the 1999 culm calibrations. This also was true for the combined calibrations. Assessment of quality components in pre- and post-harvest sugarcane using NIS calibrations was more cost effective than using routine laboratory techniques. Outcomes from this NIS-facilitated research will have important economic consequences for the Australian sugarcane industry. Potential CCS present in mature culms is being discounted by dilution with leaves and sucker culms, threatening farm viability. The results question the efficacy of current harvesting technology. The CCS of harvested cane is improved only marginally over that of the in-field crop. Current harvesting technology requires either supplementary, innovative pre-mill processing or a design revolution to improve mill-supply cane quality, and therefore whole of industry economics. NIS-facilitated analyses, before the harvest season, highlighted the benefits of growing erect, sound crops. Loss of CCS then, can be minimized only by a combination of crop improvement and agronomic solutions, applied as part of sound on-farm management.

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