• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.63.2-63.2
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• 2014

As a part of the "Dust, Ice, and Gas In Time" (DIGIT) key program on Herschel, we observed GSS30-IRS1, a Class I protostar located in Ophiuchus (d =125 pc), with Herschel/Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS). More than 70 lines were detected within a wavelength range from 50 ${\mu}m$ to 200 ${\mu}m$: CO lines from J = 14-13 to 41-40, several $H_2O$ lines of Eup = 100 K to 1500 K, 16 transitions of OH rotational lines, and two atomic [O I] lines at 63 and 145 ${\mu}m$. The [C II] line, known as a tracer of externally heated gas by the interstellar radiation field, is also detected at 158 ${\mu}m$. All lines, except [O I] and [C II], are detected only at the central spaxel of $9^{\prime\prime}.4{\times}9^{\prime\prime}.4$. The [O I] emission is extended along a NE-SW orientation, which is consistent with the known outflow direction, while the [C II] line is detected over all spaxels. One possible explanation of the detection of the [C II] line and no correlation of its spatial distribution with any other molecular emission is the existence of the enhanced ISRF nearby GSS30-IRS1. One interesting feature of GSS30-IRS1 is that the continuum emission is extended beyond the point-spread function (PSF), unlike the molecular line emission, indicative of significant external heating. The best-fit continuum model of GSS30-IRS1 with the physical structure including flared disk, envelope, and outflow shows that the internal luminosity is 11 $L_{\odot}$, and the region is also externally heated by a radiation field enhanced by a factor of 25 compared to the local standard interstellar field.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2013

This This paper investigates the variation of the factors to determinate housing price in Seoul metropolitan area after sub-prime financial crisis, in Korea, using a VAR model. The model includes housing price and housing rent (Jeonse) in Seoul metropolitan area from 1999 to 2011, and uses interest rate, real GDP, KOSPI, Producer Price Index and practices to impulse response and variance decomposition analysis to grasp the dynamic relation between a variable of macro economy and and a variable of housing price. Data is classified to 2 groups before and after the 3rd quater of 2008, when sub-prime crisis occurred; one is from the 1st quater of 1999 to the 3rd quater of 2008, and the other is from the 2nd quater of 1999 and the 4th quater of 2011. As a result, comparing before and after sub-prime crisis, housing price is more influenced by its own variation or Jeonse price's variation instead of interest rate and KOSPI. Both before and after sub-prime financial crisis, Jeonse price is also influenced by its own variation and housing price. While after sub-prime financial crisis, influences of Producer Price Index, KOSPI and interest rate were weakened, influence of real GDP is expanded. As housing price and housing rent are more influenced by real economy factors such as GDP, its own variation than before sub-prime financial crisis, the recent trend that the house prices is declined is difficult to be converted, considering domestic economic recession and uncertainty, continued by Europe financial crisis. In the future to activate the housing business, it ia necessary to promote purchasing power rather than relaxation of financial and supply regulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.139-147
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• 2015

This study deals with actual commuting distance and influence of risk factors depending on commuting distance and mode in order to reestablish actual commuting zone of primary school students. Data mining analysis(CHAID) was applied for this reestablishment using survey results from 6,927 primary school students in Seoul Metro. Six risk factors; convenience level of commuting path condition, convenience level of road crossing condition, vehicle speed on commuting path, segregation level between commuter and vehicle, congestion level of commuting path, and public security level and two mode; walking and cycle are considered in the analysis. As the results of CHAID analysis, commuting distance was divided into four zones; Internal Zone(0.491km under), External Zone(0.492 ~ 1.492km, 1.493 ~ 2.699km), Commutable Zone(2.70km over), and awareness level on safety is declined as commuting distance is increased. The risk factor affecting on safety is recognized differently by students depending on commuting distance and mode. For students commuting by walking, vehicle speed on commuting path and convenience level of commuting path condition are recognized as the prime risk factor within Internal Zone and Commutable Zone, respectively. For students commuting by cycle, convenience level of road crossing condition and vehicle speed on commuting path are recognized as the prime risk factor within Commutable Zone. Analysis results show that improved plan and program for commuting path for primary school students are required considering actual commuting distance and method.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.529-545
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• 2022

This article concerns a ring property that arises from combining one-sided duo factor rings and centers. A ring R is called right CIFD if R/I is right duo by some proper ideal I of R such that I is contained in the center of R. We first see that this property is seated between right duo and right π-duo, and not left-right symmetric. We prove, for a right CIFD ring R, that W(R) coincides with the set of all nilpotent elements of R; that R/P is a right duo domain for every minimal prime ideal P of R; that R/W(R) is strongly right bounded; and that every prime ideal of R is maximal if and only if R/W(R) is strongly regular, where W(R) is the Wedderburn radical of R. It is also proved that a ring R is commutative if and only if D₃(R) is right CIFD, where D₃(R) is the ring of 3 by 3 upper triangular matrices over R whose diagonals are equal. Furthermore, we show that the right CIFD property does not pass to polynomial rings, and that the polynomial ring over a ring R is right CIFD if and only if R/I is commutative by a proper ideal I of R contained in the center of R.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07b
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• pp.860-863
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• 2002

Realizations of multirate converters are proposed using periodically time-varying (PTV) structures. By exploiting the computational redundancy of the filtering operation in a multirate filter, it is possible to implement the filter with much less hardware. In the proposed implementations, several coefficients time-share in a periodic fashion the hardware of one multiply-and-add. Therefore, each multiply-and-add circuit performs different coefficient scalings at different time instants within a period. Compared to the direct form realization, the proposed realizations reduce the hardware of an interpolator and a decimator by a factor of approximately U and M, respectively, while retaining the same processing speed, where U and M are the upsampling and downsampling factors, respectively. The approach can be used to obtain realizations for sampling rate conversion by a rational factor of U/M, where U and M are relatively prime, in which case hardware reduction by a factor of approximately UM can be achieved.

• Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-48
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• 2006

This is a paper on the validity of Extra Gigong Therapy(EGT) on Hypertension patients. We've treated hypertension patients EGT, used IEMD for analysis, so that come to these conclusions. 1. Average value of treatment group was 4.215, this is higher than one of control group. They had differences up to the standard. 2. Hypertension patients are divided into EGT treated group(treatment group) and non-treated one(control group). 3. Light stomach meridian has differences in treatment group and no differences in control group before and after EGT. That means EGT is effective. So does Spleen meridian. 4. With 12 meridians' electric potential values, we come to conclusion that EGT is likely to do hypertension patients good, especially on the point of view of liver, kidney, stomach and spleen meridian pathways. And bibliographies back up in this conclusion. 5. We classified hypertension patients into 4 factors: that is a spiritual factor, a physical factor, an eating factor and a circulation factor. Among these, a physical factor was seen of high frequency. There is a close connection between a physical factor and liver, kidney, spleen meridian pathways. The consequence was that subjects are suburban residents in the prime of time who had overworked.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1987.07b
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• pp.1229-1232
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• 1987

본 논문은 N이 서로소인 두 자연수 $N_1$과 $N_2$로 분해되는 경우에 대하여 이산코사인 변환의 소인수 분해 계산기법 및 이를 위한 인덱스 매핑을 고찰하고 있다. 소인수 분해 알고리즘의 유도과정에 나타나는 관계식들을 표의 형태로 변형시키고, 이 인덱스 매핑 표들을 바탕으로 이산 코사인 변환을 구현하는 방법이 소개되어 있다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.26 no.10A
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• pp.1764-1771
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• 2001

It has developed a PCM signal acquisition(PCMA) system which can analyze status of signals in order to establish rapid diagnosing in TDX-families signaling service equipment. We develop the quick Fourier transform(QFT) for length 2$\^$M/ data to analyze the power spectral of the PCMA system. This algorithm can reduces the number of floating-point operations necessary to compute the DFT by a factor of two or four over direct methods or Goertzels method for prime lengths. In the experimental results, the system classifies the type of signals and finally discriminates the digit.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.1019-1028
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• 2023

Let 𝔄 and 𝔅 be unital prime *-algebras such that 𝔄 contains a nontrivial projection. In the present paper, we show that if a bijective map Θ : 𝔄 → 𝔅 satisfies Θ(_*[X ⋄ Y, Z]) = _*[Θ(X) ⋄ Θ(Y), Θ(Z)] for all X, Y, Z ∈ 𝔄, then Θ or -Θ is a *-ring isomorphism. As an application, we shall characterize such maps in factor von Neumann algebras.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.1123-1139
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• 2017

The aim in this note is to describe some classes of rings in relation to factorization by prime radical, upper nilradical, and Jacobson radical. We introduce the concepts of tpr ring, tunr ring, and tjr ring in the process, respectively. Their ring theoretical structures are investigated in relation to various sorts of factor rings and extensions. We also study the structure of noncommutative tpr (tunr, tjr) rings of minimal order, which can be a base of constructing examples of various ring structures. Various sorts of structures of known examples are studied in relation with the topics of this note.