• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.92-101
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• 2008

A new paradigm of design lays stress on the world of metaphysical concepts, and various attempts are being made to give meaning to psychological values. Hotel is a memorable place to remind of a special moment in one's life such as travel, marriage, meeting and so on. It also contains even more symbolism than other spaces as it is the place where the most primary and private act takes place apart from one's residence. As a result, it is also possible to communicate the message which a designer intends to convey through the user's recognition in the form of various symbolic expressions in space design. The designer communicates a meaning into a space through a symbolic system and creates a mutual consensus by means of the understanding structure of "designer-space-user". The user's diverse interpretations through a symbol are based on epistemology and consist of the primary, the secondary and the tertiary recognition structure system in the aspect of their contents. The primary structure depends on sensual perception, impressive idea and transcendental recognition based on metaphysical and perceptional association. The secondary structure includes casualty, continuous deduction and rational(integral) recognition. Finally, the tertiary structure is sublimation to the transcendental mental world beyond the boundary of emotion and it is classified into fundamental recognition structure on an object and archetypical recognition structure on an ego. These characteristics can derive systematic understandings and diverse interpretations on the symbol from the space of a hotel through the frame of analysis based on the artistic form of monosemous, polysemous and multidimensional frameworks and symbols. The framework of this analysis includes all the cases, and various methods which haven't been attempted in practice are presented. Therefore this study is not just a simple analysis of space but rather it will serve as a methodological tool for design that allows for various attempts of symbolic design concepts in the recognition structure system.

• 소음진동
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.655-661
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• 1997

건물내 동적계가 수중에 있고 유체동적효과가 클 경우, 건물을 지진절연하면 일반적인 경향과는 달리 계의 지진응답이 오히려 증가될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 건물내 수조에 잠긴 계에 대하여 단순화된 복합모델의 동적해석을 통하여 건물의 지진절연이 건물내 수중계의 지진응답에 어떻게 그리고, 최대로 얼마나 영향을 주는지를 보인다. 이 때 응답을 줄이기 위한 내진설계방안으로서 유체질량효과를 조절하는 유체간극의 최적화를 수행하여 그 효과를 살펴보았고, 간극조절이 곤란한 경우의 대안으로서 지진절연된 건물내 수중계를 다시 지진절연하는 방안을 제안하였으며 적절한 이중절연방식의 조합에 대한 효율을 비교하였다.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2015

PPS 소자가 삽입된 N형 실리콘 제어 정류기(NSCR_PPS)소자에서 게이트와 $N^+$ 확산층 간격(Gate to Primary $N^+$ diffusion Space; GPNS)의 변화가 정전기 보호 성능에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. FPW 구조와 CPS 이온주입을 행하지 않은 구조를 갖는 종래의 NSCR 표준소자는 on 저항, 스냅백 홀딩 전압 및 열적 브레이크다운 전압이 너무 낮아 정전기 보호소자의 필요조건을 만족시키지 못해 마이크로칩의 정전기보호소자로 적용이 어려웠다. 그러나 본 연구에서 제안하는 PPW 구조와 CPS 이온주입을 동시에 적용하여 변형설계된 소자에서는 GPNS의 변화가 정전기 보호성능의 향상에 영향을 주는 중요한 파라미터였으며, 정전기보호소자의 설계창을 만족시키는 향상된 정전기보호성능을 나타내어 고전압 동작용 마이크로 칩의 정전기보호 소자로 적용 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2015

Large spatial structures can not easily predict the dynamic behavior due to the lack of construction and design practices. The spatial structures are generally analyzed through the numerical simulation and experimental test in order to investigate the seismic response of large spatial structures. In the case of analysis for seismic response of large spatial structure, the many studies by the numerical analysis was carried out, researches by the shaking table test are very rare. In this study, a shaking table test of a small-scale arch structure was conducted and the dynamic characteristics of arch structure are analyzed. And the dynamic characteristics of arch structures are investigated according to the various column cross-section and length. It is found that the natural vibration periods of the small-scaled arch structure that have large column stiffness are very similar to the natural vibration period of the non-column arch structure. And in case of arch structure with large column stiffness, primary natural frequency period by numerical analysis is very similar to the primary natural frequency period of by shaking table test. These are because the dynamic characteristics of the roof structure are affected by the column stiffness of the spatial structure.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.372-375
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• 2021

A three-leg inverter-type isolated DC-DC Converter that can use 220 and 440 V grid input voltages is introduced. The secondary circuit structure of the proposed topology is center-tap, which is the same as the conventional phase-shifted full-bridge converter. However, the primary circuit structure is composed of a three-leg inverter structure and a transformer, in which two primary windings are connected in series. The proposed circuit structure has a wider input voltage range than the conventional phase-shifted full-bridge converter, and the circulating-current on the primary-side is reduced. In addition, the voltage stress at the secondary rectifier is greatly improved, and high efficiency can be achieved at a high input voltage by removing the snubber circuit added to the conventional converter. Prototype converters with input DC of 311 V, output of 622 V, and 50 V and 6 kW class specifications were designed and manufactured to verify the validity of the proposed topology; the experimental results are presented.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2021

In this study, new morphology of NCA cathode material for lithium ion batteries was obtained through the electrospinning method. The prepared NCA nanofibers formed a nano-bush structure, and the primary particles were formed on the surface of the nanofibers. The embossing primary particles increased the surface area thus increasing the reactivity of lithium ions. The nano-bush structure could shorten the Li+ diffusion path and improve the Li+ diffusion coefficient. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the synthesized material consisted of nanofibers. The surface area of the nanofibers increased by primary particles was measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was carried out to determine the structure of the NCA nanofibers.

• 4차산업연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.47-60
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• 2022

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of Teamwork on Engagement among employees of private primary and secondary schools in Plateau State, Nigeria using the dimensions of Teamwork, which are Communication, Leadership, Team Structure, Situation Monitoring, and Mutual Support on Employee Engagement. Research design, data, and methodology - To analyze the relationship among the variables, the study adopted the descriptive and explanatory research design, and a cross-sectional survey method using a survey questionnaire containing 29 items, with a 5-point Likert scale. The samples of 274 employees (both academic and non-academic) were selected using a simple random probability sampling technique. Multiple Regression was used to analyze data with the aid of the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS version 23.0). Result - This shows that Communication, Leadership, and Situation Monitoring have a positive and significant relationship on Employee Engagement, while Team Structure and Mutual Support show a negative direction but still maintained a significant relationship. Conclusion - The management of private primary and secondary schools should pay attention to Communication, Leadership, Team Structure, Situation Monitoring, and Mutual Support among their employees to promote Employee Engagement in the workplace. It also recommends that future studies should be carried out in other sectors.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.35-42
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• 1992

본 논문에서는 주 구조물 내에 설치된 기기의 지지점에 감진계통을 도입함으로써 지진하중에 대한 기기의 응답감소효과를 연구하였으며, 효율적인 해석을 수행하기 위해 구조물-기기 상호작용 고려 및 축소 행렬방법을 이용한 전산프로그램(KBISAP)을 개발하였다. 지지점에 감전장치가 설치된 기기의 지진하중에 대한 응답감소 효율성을 평가하기 위해 세가지 해석모델, 즉 고정기초구조물 상의 지지점이 고정된 기기, 감진기초구조물 상의 지지점이 고정된 기기 및 고정기초구조물 상의 지지점에 감진계통이 설치된 기기를 채택한 예제해석 결과, 본 논문에서 채택한 방법이 일반적인 고정기초구조물은 물론 감진기초구조물 상에 설치된 기기의 지진하중에 대한 응답감소 보다 더 효율적임을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 본 방법은 기기의 응답감소는 물론 중요한 기기의 안전성 향상에 효과적이다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.127-142
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• 2008

The most important aim of mathematics education is to promote mathematical thinking. In the Hong Kong primary school, mathematical thinking is usually conducted through the use of formula and working on "application problem" or "word problems". However, there are many other ways that can promote mathematical thinking, and investigation on mathematical structure by using counting is one important source for promoting mathematical thinking for primary school children, as every children can count and hence a well designed question that can be solved by counting can enable children of different abilities to work together and obtain different results.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.123-133
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• 1982

The tropic structure and the function of a small pone ecosystem under the tree stand were studied in terms of energy flow. About 28% of total solar radiation was intercepted by the tree canopy over the pond. Primary producers converted 1.1%(3,382 kcal$\cdot$$m^{-2}$$\cdot$$y^{-1}$) of solar radiation (320,000 kcal$\cdot$$m^{-2}$$\cdot$$y^{-1}$) into gross primary production. The amount of energy availble to the pond snail was 1,683 kcal.m-2.y-1 of the net production by primary producers and 1,033 kcal$\cdot$$m^{-2}$$\cdot$$y^{-1}$ of the litter fallen into the pond. The amount of gross secondary production by the pond snail was 245 kcal$\cdot$$m^{-2}$$\cdot$$y^{-1}$. Judging from these, supply of both net primary production and the litter was indispensable for the maintenance of the pond ecosystem. The total amont of energy as gross primary production plus litter was 4,415 kcal$\cdot$$m^{-2}$$\cdot$$y^{-1}$(100%). Since the total respiration loss was calculated to be 1,917 kcal$\cdot$$m^{-2}$$\cdot$$y^{-1}$(43.4%), the rate of energy accumulation in the pond estimated to 56.6%.