• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.18-29
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• 2000

Back injury is frequent in industry workers and is a common cause of productivity loss. It has been reported that the insured of industrial accident insurance tend to stay in hospital longer than that of other types of insurance. The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting the length of hospital stay for the treatment of back injury in the workers under industrial accident insurance. The results of this study help insurers develop reasonable industrial accident insurance policy for back injury claims and prevention strategies of work-related back injury. A total of 2,949 patients whose industrial accident insurance claim has been approved for the treatment of work-related back injury from January to December 1999 were included in this study. Relationship between the length of hospital stay and characteristics of patient, work place, back injury, and hospital were assessed using ANOVA, t-test, simple linear regression and multiple resgression. The major findings of this study are as follows : 1. The average length of hospital stay(LOS) was 91.82 days, respectively. 2. Characteristics of Patient LOS of male patients was longer than that of female patients, there was positive correlation between age and LOS and between average wage and LOS. Working period was negatively correlated with LOS. Distance from resident to hospital was positively correlated with LOS and LOS was significantly different dependign on type of duty. 3. Characteristics of Work Place LOS was significantly different depending on types of industry and geographical region of work place. Size of work place was positively correlated with LOS. 4. Characteristics of Back Injury Occupational back pain required shorter LOS compared with back injury due to electric shock. Number of concomitant illnesses and severity of disability were positively correlated with LOS. 5. Characteristics of Hospital Patients treated in community hospitals required significantly longer LOS. Treatment in hospitals with rehabilitation program required decreased LOS. This was more prominent as number of physicians specialized in rehabilitation. 6. Multiple regression analysis revealed that distance form resident to hospital, geographical region of work place, size of work place, number of concomitant illnesses, severity of disability, and type of hospital were factors affecting LOS.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.291-300
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• 2012

Objectives: We aimed to estimate the annual socioeconomic burden of coronary heart disease (CHD) in Korea in 2005, using the National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data. Methods: A prevalence-based, top-down, cost-of-treatment method was used to assess the direct and indirect costs of CHD (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision codes of I20-I25), angina pectoris (I20), and myocardial infarction (MI, I21-I23) from a societal perspective. Results: Estimated national spending on CHD in 2005 was $2.52 billion. The majority of the spending was attributable to medical costs (53.3%), followed by productivity loss due to morbidity and premature death (33.6%), transportation (8.1%), and informal caregiver costs (4.9%). While medical cost was the predominant cost attribute in treating angina (74.3% of the total cost), premature death was the largest cost attribute for patients with MI (66.9%). Annual per-capita cost of treating MI, excluding premature death cost, was $3183, which is about 2 times higher than the cost for angina ($1556). Conclusions: The total insurance-covered medical cost ($1.13 billion) of CHD accounted for approximately 6.02% of the total annual NHI expenditure. These findings suggest that the current burden of CHD on society is tremendous and that more effective prevention strategies are required in Korea.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2010

Objectives : Among young generation, the prevalence of spinal disorders is known to be increasing. This study aimed to analyze the clinical data of spinal disorder in young ages in Korea. Methods : Number of patient, kinds of disorder, and medical cost were analyzed for patients(7~18 years) underwent spinal disorders using computerized database of Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service(HIRAS) from 2004 to 2008. We included dorsopathies as spinal disorder according to Korean Classification of Diseases(KCD) and excluded spinal disorder caused by trauma. We compared the data of traditional Korean medicine treatment with that of western medical care. Results : 4.8% of the children and adolescents had medical treatment with spinal disorder in 2008. The claim number and medical cost for both traditional Korean medicine and western medicine treatment are increasing 1.8 and 1.3 times respectively over 5 years. Total medical spent of western clinic was 2.1 times than those of traditional Korean clinic. The most common spinal disorder was dorsalgia(31.8%) and scoliosis(13.5%) in western clinics while back pain(29.0%) and neck pain(10.8%) in oriental clinic. Conclusions : We first reported the clinical tendency of spinal disorder in Korean children adolescents from 2004 to 2008. This study will support the development of a strategy for traditional Korean medicine-based prevention or treatment of spinal disorders in young generation.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.339-347
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• 2013

Yaksun, a medicinal diet, has been traditionally prepared and applied (based on theories in oriental medicine) for the modulation of disease symptoms and signs. However, restaurants that serve and claim Yaksun mainly focus on stamina foods. A consistent definition of Yaksun has not been provided, which can confuse the public interpretation of Yaksun. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of Yaksun in Korean adults living in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Chungbuk regions. Among the participants (M=55, F=168, 25y), only 10.4% understood the definition of Yaksun (mainly through the broadcast media). The frequency of Yaksun consumed when eating out was 2~3 times per month in 50.2% of participants. The main reason for choosing a Yaksun menu (46.3% of participants) when eating out was for health. The mean satisfaction score of Yaksun was $3.5{\pm}0.8$ on the five point Likert scale. Participants highly agreed ($3.8{\pm}0.8$) that Yaksun is composed of nutritious foods combined with oriental medicinal herbs for the treatment of disease, which was significantly higher in groups with learning experience on Yaksun (p<0.05). Interestingly, participants showed neutral to the description, that a diet without oriental medicinal herbs is not Yaksun ($3.1{\pm}1.0$), which was significantly different between genders (p<0.05). Men recognized more than women that Yaksun should be based on oriental medical theory (p<0.05) and should be prepared for the prevention or treatment of diseases (p<0.05). In conclusion, the concept and terminology of Yaksun need to be defined and publicized in modern diet.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.215-219
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• 2014

의약품의 치료 효과와 유사한 치료활성 기능을 갖는 화장품(코스메슈티컬)의 개발이 증가함에 따라 화장품법에서 규정한 기능성 화장품의 용도인 피부 미백, 주름개선, 자외선 차단 또는 피부를 곱게 태워주는 기능이외의 항염증, 탈모 방지, 비만 개선 등과 같은 의약품의 치료 효과와 차별화되지 않는 다양한 기능을 화장품의 용도로서 특허청구범위에 기재하여 특허출원하는 경우가 증가하고 있다. 그러나 상기와 같은 의약품의 치료 효과와 차별화되지 않는 기능을 화장품의 용도로서 화장품 발명에 기재한 경우 특허요건 판단에 있어서 심사과 및 심사관에 따라 차이를 보이고 있어 심사의 일관성에 대한 요구가 제기되어 왔다. 위와 같은 요구에 부응하기 위하여, 본 논문에서는 국내 기능성 화장품의 특허등록 현황, 심사관들의 견해 및 미국, 유럽, 일본의 화장품 관련 발명의 심사 실무를 파악하여 일관성 있는 특허 심사를 위한 대응방안을 제시하고자 하였다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.633-643
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• 2005

The purpose of study was to investigate nutritional supplements intake of elementary school students aged 7 to 12 years in Incheon The subjects were 631 mothers of schoolchildren and cross sectional study was conducted by a self-administered questionnaire. Nutritional supplements were taken by $42.3\%$ of the surveyed elementary school students. Among nutritional supplements they toot vitamin and mineral accounted for $47.3\%$, herbs and chinese medicine $39.3\%$ and dietary supplements $10.7\%.$ Among reasons for taking nutritional supplements, help for growth, health promotion, supply for deficient nutrients and prevention or treatment of disease were in order. As for the reasons for not taking nutritional supplements, most of the subjects answered that meals are enough in getting nutrients for children Mother of elementary school students usually Dew the health claim of the nutritional supplements before taking the Also they usually got the information of the nutritional supplements 1mm doctors or pharmacist and bought the nutritional supplements at drugstores, oriental medicine clinic and on-line shop in order. As for the effect of nutritional supplements, $43.7\%$ of the subjeces answered as 'effective' and $81.7\%$ of the mother of elementary school students who took nutritional supplements answered positively that they would continue to have their children take it Among the reasons they would continue to have their children take it help for growth ranked the first. therefore, these results my provide basic informations on nutritional supplements used by the elementary school students in Incheon.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.409-417
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• 2017

본 연구는 건설 공사도중 계약상대자의 책임 없는 사유로 인하여 공사기간이 단축되는 경우 발생하는 추가비용과 관련하여 계약 당사자 사이에 발생하는 분쟁을 예방하는 방안의 연구를 목적으로 하였다. 공기단축으로 인한 추가비용에 대한 클레임 사례 및 법원의 판결 사례등을 검토한 결과 추가비용 산정에 대한 규정의 미비가 대표적인 문제점으로 나타났다. 이러한 문제점에 대한 연구의 결과로 1단계에서 추가비용을 처리하는 절차를 제시하였고, 절차 중 공기단축 계획 및 승인과정을 거치도록 하여 계약 당사자 사이의 추가비용에 대한 다툼을 예방하도록 하였다. 2단계로 추가비용 산정과 관련된 현행 규정의 미비한 문제점을 해소하는 규정의 제정 및 개정 방안을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 절차 및 규정의 제 개정 방안을 통하여 공기단축과 관련한 현행 규정이 미비한 문제점을 해소하고 분쟁을 예방하며 이로 인한 손실 등을 방지하는 등 선진화된 계약관리의 기초가 되도록 하고자 한다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2008

Objectives : We examined the effect of sociodemographic factors, cancer, and psychiatric disorders on suicide by gender and age-specific patterns in South Korea. Methods : The study is a case-control study. Claim data was obtained from the national health insurance database and national death registration database. The number of people who committed suicide was 11,523, which was matched with a control group consisting of ten times as many people at 115,230 selected from the national health insurance and medical aids beneficiaries. The medical utilization of the case group was one year before death and that of the control group was from July 1,2003 to June 30, 2004. Four variables-address, economic status, presence of a psychiatric disease, and cancer-were used in multiple logistic regression analyses. Results : Living in cities or in rural areas showed a greater risk for suicide than living in a metropolitan city. Low economic status, the presence of a psychiatric disorder, and cancer were also statistically meaningful risk factors for suicide. The three major psychiatric diseases, schizophrenia, alcohol abuse, and bipolar disorder, were meaningful in all age groups, but the scale of the odds ratio differed by the age group. Only the psychiatric disorder variable was meaningful in the adolescent group, whereas a psychiatric disorder and economic status were meaningful for the young adult group, and all variables were meaningful for the middle-aged group. A psychiatric disorder and cancer were meaningful in the elderly group, economic status was meaningful for male subjects, and address was meaningful for female subjects. Conclusions : Factors such as living in city or rural areas, low economic status, the presence of a psychiatric disorder, and cancer were statistically meaningful risk factors in suicide. These factors also differed by age group. Therefore, policymakers should establish policies for suicide prevention that are relevant for each age group.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.78-86
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• 2007

건설사업 수행에서 정해진 공사기간은 가장 중요하게 이행 및 관리되어야 하는 것으로, 공정관리를 건설사업관리의 최우선으로 두고 있으나, 최근 공공건설사업, 특히 토목사업의 대부분에서 공사기간이 연장되고 있고, 그 비용 또한 막대하여 이에 대한 시급한 대책이 요구되고 있는 실정이다. 공사기간연장에 대한 예방 및 해결의 문제는 어제오늘의 문제가 아니라 오랜 시간 동안 많은 연구를 통하여 그 문제점과 해결방안을 제시해 왔다. 그러나 문제점의 근본이 되는 공기연장사유에 대한 연구가 없었다. 이는 공기연장예방과 해결의 핵심으로서 이에 대한 구체적인 분석이 없이는 관리 및 해결방안은 형식적일 수밖에 없음은 자명하다. 사업의 특성에 따라 관련 RISK는 다르고, 연장사유 역시 사업특성에 따라 동일하지 않음이 분명한 바, 본 연구에서는 공종별 특성, 계약유형별 특성, 사업수행주체별 특성, 계약조건상의 특성 등을 비교하여 그 상이함을 도출하였고, 이는 공기연장예방 및 클레임해결과 연관하여 중점사유 대상선정, 사전적 관리 및 해결방안 도출 등의 연구에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• Psychiatry investigation
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.1064-1070
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• 2018

Objective Several cell line studies have demonstrated thioridazine's anticancer, multidrug resistance-reversing and apoptosis-inducing properties in various tumors. We conducted this nationwide population-based study to investigate the association between thioridazine use and cancer risk among adult patients with schizophrenia. Methods Based on the Psychiatric Inpatient Medical Claim of the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, a total of 185,689 insured psychiatric patients during 2000 to 2005 were identified. After excluding patients with prior history of schizophrenia, only 42,273 newly diagnosed patients were included. Among them, 1,631 patients ever receiving thioridazine for more than 30 days within 6 months were selected and paired with 6,256 randomly selected non-thioridazine controls. These patients were traced till 2012/12/31 to see if they have any malignancy. Results The incidence rates of hypertension and cerebrovascular disease were higher among cases than among matched controls. The incidence of hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease and chronic pulmonary disease did not differ between the two groups. By using Cox proportional hazard model for cancer incidence, the crude hazard ratio was significantly higher in age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease and chronic pulmornary disease. However, after adjusting for other covariates, only age and hypertension remained significant. Thioridazine use in adult patients with schizophrenia had no significant association with cancer. Conclusion Despite our finding that thioridazine use had no prevention in cancer in adult patients with schizophrenia. Based on the biological activity, thioridazine is a potential anticancer drug and further investigation in human with cancer is warranted.