• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.60-72
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• 2022

A number of wooden built heritage remain in Korea, and most have been damaged by various biological factors including termite. Owing to the irreversible damage caused by termites, wooden built heritage are losing their authenticity and structural stability. In this study, Area-Wide Integrated Termite Management(AW-ITM) was proposed to prevent termite damage. First, to understand the locational characteristics of these sites, the distance from adjacent forests and surrounding forest areas was analyzed for 182 national designated wooden built heritage(national treasures, treasures) using the Geographic Information System(GIS). By analyzing existing pest control projects(2003-2020) and the components of the ITM, the characteristics of termite control for cultural heritages were determined. Based on these results, the cultural heritage sites and their surrounding spaces were divided into three areas, and the types of cultural properties were divided into six types according to the location and number of buildings. Along with this, termite control measures were proposed for each area and type. The concept of AW-ITM has been partially applied to the "Comprehensive Control of Termites in wooden built heritages Sites" by the Cultural Heritage Administration. Caution must be taken with regard to the establishment of a cultural heritage management policy; AW-ITM should be applied on a trial basis with the results then being carefully analyzed and reflected in the establishment of policies pertaining to the conservation management of cultural heritage.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

After 60 years since the enactment of the cultural property protection act, Korea's national system of protecting what has been valued has been transformed into a 'National Heritage System'. To meet the new system, the classification of national heritage has been re-classified into three categories as cultural heritage, natural heritage, and intangible heritage. In accordance with the sub-classification, acts for cultural heritage act and intangible heritage has been amended and act for natural heritage has been enacted. Act for natural heritage defines natural heritage as natural objects or cultural heritage formed through the interaction between human beings and natural environment. The sub-classification are categorized as follows; animal, plant, geological and natural reserves, natural landscapes, historical-cultural landscapes, and mixed landscapes. It also allows creating traditional landscapes so that traditional way of landscaping can be encouraged and integrated with modern life within historic environment. In line with the new concept of traditional landscaping, existing practices will be also needed to be changed. Traditional landscaping will play a significant role in setting out the new administrative paradigm which focuses on more value preservation. This paper recommends that effective collaboration between government, experts of traditional landscaping, and owners should be established to integrate the new policy in practice.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.716-728
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• 2023

The anti-adipogenic activity of Glycyrrhiza uralensis was investigated by examining the effects of its ethanol extract (GUE) on a mouse model with a high-fat diet (HFD) and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes during adipocyte differentiation. GUE administration for eight weeks significantly reduced weight gain in mice fed an HFD. GUE effectively inhibited 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation and lipid droplet accumulation. This inhibitory effect is associated with the downregulation of key adipogenic regulators, including PPARγ and C/EBPα, and the modulation of adipose metabolism regulators, such as Fasn and Fabp4. LC-Q-TOF-MS analysis identified twelve phenolic and flavonoid compounds, including liquiritigenin and licorice saponin, in the GUE. These findings demonstrate that the anti-obesity effect of the GUE is attributed to the biological activity of its phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Therefore, the GUE has potential anti-obesity activity. Moreover, further studies on the isolation of bioactive components from the GUE and the investigation of the underlying molecular mechanisms of the GUE are required to establish its efficacy in metabolic disorders, including obesity.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.999-1011
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• 2023

This study investigated the anti-inflammatory, trypsin activity, and antioxidant effects of 11 kinds of plant extracts to discover materials for developing optimal mixtures that improve inflammation and help digestion. Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (ZJ), Leonurus japonicus Houtt. (LJ), Scutellaria baicalensis (SB), Platycodon grandiflorum, and Aster scaber extracts had excellent anti-inflammatory effects by reducing excessive nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-α content in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The malt (MA), Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai (PP), Raphanus sativus L., Platycodon grandiflorum extracts among the 11 kinds of plant extracts had high trypsin activity. The antioxidant activity of the plant extracts was examined by the DPPH radical scavenging activity, and the SB, PE, JU, and MA extracts had high antioxidant activity. Therefore, PP, MA, ZJ, LJ, and SB were selected to develop optimal mixtures that improve inflammation and help digestion. The extract of plant mixture containing PP, MA, ZJ, LJ, and SB in the ratio 1:1:2:1:2 (w/w) significantly inhibited NO production than the extract of PP, MA, ZJ, LJ, and SB, respectively, in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the mixture extract was significantly higher than the extract of PP, MA, ZJ, and LJ, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.151-158
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• 2010

TCM-KWG (tissue culture medium waste after harvest of Korean wild ginseng) (panax ginseng) is left over of tissue culture medium used to grow Korean wild ginseng (KWG). The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of TCM-KWG on meat quality and the possible of application as additives in broiler chickens. A day old broiler chickens randomized in 6 groups (n=60/groups) were administered orally with 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 mL/L TCM-KWG through drinking water with one untreated control group. After administration for five weeks, we analyzed chemical composition and meat quality. Crude ash increased approximately 20% in TCM-KWG treatment groups as compared to control group whereas the concentration of moisture, crude protein and crude fat did not show any significant difference. Crude ash is essential to enhance skeleton formation and physiological function. TCM-KWG treatment gradually decreased the pH value of breast meat whereas it did not change the purge loss and cooking loss. The pH value of meat is important for preservation of meat for longer periods and high durability strength. These results suggest that TCM-KWG treatment may improve the quality of meat and can be apply as food additives in chickens.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.306-311
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate spoilage bacteria on organic and conventional fresh produce in Korea. Three samples (perilla leaf, cabbage, and romaine lettuce) of organic and conventional fresh produce were stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 14 days and examined for spoilage bacteria on TSA. Isolated bacteria from organic and conventional fresh produces were identified using 16S rRNA sequencing method. Population of total aerobic bacteria on conventional perilla leaf, cabbage, and romaine lettuce were 7.59, 7.01, and $5.84{\log}_{10}CFU/g$, and populations of total aerobic bacteria were 6.72, 6.15, and $5.85{\log}_{10}CFU/g$, for organic perilla leaf, cabbage, and romaine lettuce, respectively. Major spoilage bacteria of organic and conventional fresh produces were similar however their levels were little different. For example, a major spoilage bacterium resulting the highest level on conventional perilla leaf was Stenotrophomonas maltophilia whereas that was Microbacterium sp. for organic produce. From these results, microflora or spoilage microorganism could be different depending on their cultivation types as conventional or organic produces and this information might be used for developing effective preservation method for different types of fresh produce.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.376-382
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• 2010

It has been shown that BF-7 enhances short- and long-term memory and attention in normal person. BF-7 was addressed to clinical study for children if BF-7 is also effective to children, since accumulated verification of safety and effectiveness is needed for young ages, in special. We administered BF-7 and a placebo control to two different groups of children (7-12 years old, 9.78 on averages). Their memory enhancement was tested with Rey-Kim Memory Test for Children before and after the administration of BF-7 and a placebo, in a double blinded way. The results showed that long- and short-term memories were significantly improved by the administration of BF-7. Interestingly, the degree of memory preservation, the ability of memory application and awareness of complex thing were also significantly improved. These results indicate that BF-7 is a promising substance from natural resource improving learning and memory of children as well as cognitive function of adults

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.38
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• pp.421-474
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• 2005

The Cultural Heritage Committee is an advisory committee established under the Cultural Heritage Administration with the aim of carrying out examination and deliberation on preservation, management and use of cultural properties. The Cultural Heritage Administration is responsible for Korean cultural properties. It was found to produce and execute policies on cultural properties, which involves in-depth investigation and consultation of experts in the fields of cultural properties. In here the Cultural Heritage Committee plays an important role in policy-making on Korean cultural properties. Governmental committees in Korea are largely divided into consultation committees and administrative commissions. Consultation committees are subdivided into consultation, deliberation and legislative committees. The Korean government established the Bureau of Cultural Properties in October 1961, and enacted provisions (as a presidential decree) on March 27, 1962, by the Cultural Properties Act, January 10, 1962. The Cultural Heritage Committee was opened as a deliberation committee which covers the entirety of cultural properties, including designation and cancellation of cultural properties, on which currently 120 members serve in 9 subcommittees. The committee member hold two years membership. This analysis contains a frame and scheme of the committee, function and statue of the current operation and study on role of a deliberation committee.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 2012

An efficient protocol for cryopreservation of madder hairy root cultures has been developed using droplet-vitrification. In previous study, combining loading solution C4 (35% PVS3) and vitrification solution B5 (80% PVS3) was the most effective method. In this study, we tried three types of vitrification solution, B5, A3 (90% PVS2, on ice), and A5 (70% PVS2, on ice). Combining loading solution C4 and vitrification solution A5 (on ice) showed the best regeneration rate in this study. Histological changes of the cells within the hairy root of madder were also observed in different steps. The cells from the hairy roots of the control treatment were full and intact with different size of vacuoles and obvious cell nucleus having a dark nucleolus. After the stage of preparing for cryopreservation (after preculturing, loading, followed by dehydration solution A5 or B5), intercellular spaces had become distinct, and within cells, the cytoplasms had become denser and week plasmolyses had appeared. The cell plasmolyses were much more apparent and we measured the degree of plasmolysis by calculating, the area of cell/the area of cytoplasm. The value of plasmolysis degree was the highest in the combination of preculture, loading solution C4, and dehydration solution A5, 1.97. Because the highest regeneration rates appeared in the treatment of A5 for 20 min, we could assume that the optimal degree of plasmolysis for cryopreservation might be around 1.97. The changes in cell structure during cryopreservation might be a useful basis for the development of a proper long-term preservation method for madder germplasms.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.220-227
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• 2007

Sweetpotato fields in Korea are highly infected with virus and virus like diseases that greatly diminish both yield and quality as indicated by field observations and laboratory tests. In order to solve this problem, there is an urgent need to produce and mass propagate virus-free planting materials for distribution to the farmers. These experiments were conducted, firstly, to determine the most appropriate culture media, nutrient solution, and cutting intervals to maintain growth and vigor of tissue cultured plantleta as mother plants for propagation in insect-proof greenhouse. And as a labor saving method, the production efficiency of plug trays for rapid propagation of stem cuttings as a source of planting materials was likewise evaluated. Results showed that plants grown in medium B supplied with 0.5 and 1.0 strength of MS nutrients had high growth rate, and 20-day cutting interval was the best. 72-plug tray was better than 128-plug. Secondly, it was to develop a technique for the production of first-generation seed roots using hydroponics cultivation system. The yield of virus-free plants propagated in the non-insect proof and open-field cultivation was 2,402 kg/10a, 6% higher than those in the insect-proof cultivation, and the rate of virus re-infection was 18% higher compared to 3.3% with insect-proof cultivation. Lastly, it was to investigate the growth performance of virus free plants in farmers' field. Differences were existed in the yield depending on the variety used, but virus free plants showed an increase of $6{\sim}24%$ over virus infected plants.