• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.413-435
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• 2018

Although the accuracy of handwritten character recognition based on deep networks has been shown to be superior to that of the traditional method, the use of an overly deep network significantly increases time consumption during parameter training. For this reason, this paper took the training time and recognition accuracy into consideration and proposed a novel handwritten character recognition algorithm with newly designed network structure, which is based on an extended nonlinear kernel residual network. This network is a non-extremely deep network, and its main design is as follows:(1) Design of an unsupervised apriori algorithm for intra-class clustering, making the subsequent network training more pertinent; (2) presentation of an intermediate convolution model with a pre-processed width level of 2;(3) presentation of a composite residual structure that designs a multi-level quick link; and (4) addition of a Dropout layer after the parameter optimization. The algorithm shows superior results on MNIST and SVHN dataset, which are two character benchmark recognition datasets, and achieves better recognition accuracy and higher recognition efficiency than other deep structures with the same number of layers.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.63-66
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• 2011

Purpose: Cranial fasciitis is a rare type of benign tumor that occurs mostly in children younger than 6 years. It arises from the deep fascia, periosteum, or fibromembranous layer that covers fontanelles. The etiology is unknown, although prior trauma has been postulated to be an underlying cause. There is a 2:1 male predominance. Despite its rapid growth, this tumor has a benign clinical course and can be cured by total excision. Methods: A 16-year-old male presented with a 3 cm-sized palpable mass in the left lateral eyebrow region that he first noticed 4 months before presentation. The mass had grown rapidly since it was first noticed. Preoperative brain computed tomography showed a well-demarcated mass approximately 3 cm in size extending from the subcutaneous layer to the periosteum. Preoperatively, the presumed diagnosis was a dermoid cyst. An operation was performed with the patient under general anesthesia. The subcutaneous mass was completely excised by periosteal dissection. Results: Histological diagnosis revealed the presence of cranial fasciitis. After 20 months of follow-up, there have been neither complications nor evidence of local recurrence besed on clinical examination. Conclusion: Although cranial fasciitis is quite rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis for lytic skull lesions in patient whose clinical presentation suggests this possibility. This condition could be occasionally mistaken for malignant or locally aggressive lesions. To prevent local recurrence, curettage of the underlying bone is recommended for patients with bone involvement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.33-48
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• 2001

This study is on the sewing construction of the 17th century clothing through the Excavated Costumes in O-chang, ChungBuk in 1998. The followings are the results of this study. There are various sewing constructions in this excavates costume : a running stitch.a back stitch.a half back stitch.a french seam.a gobsol(korean traditional seam sewing). We can see that the sewing construction of the 17th century-clothing depends on construction styles : one layer, two layers, clothing padded with cotton(include quilt). We can see that sewing construction in the one taler clothing consisted of a running stitch, a french seam, a gobsol seam. In the two layer clothing the construction included a running stitch and half back stitch. a running switch and a decorated top stitch(3stitch) were used in the clothing padded with cotton. We can see that the sewing construction enhanced the function of keeping the shape of clothing and the raw edges. We can see that the shape of clothing is important in presentation of aesthetic of the clothing. Such a kind of sewing construction lasted from the early Chosen Dynasty through the 17th century.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.90-90
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• 2012

The electron/hole injections in organic electronic devices have long been an issue due to the large energy level mismatches between electrode and organic layer. To utilize the organic materials in electronic devices, functional thin layers have been used, which reduce the electron/hole injection barrier from electrode to organic material. Typically, inorganic compounds and organic molecules are used as an electron and hole injection layer, respectively. Recently, CsN3 and 1,4,5,8,- naphthalene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride (NTCDA) are reported as a potential electron and hole injection layers. CsN3 shows unique properties that it breaks into Cs and N and thus Cs can dope organic layer into n-type. On the other side, hole injection anode, NTCDA forms gap states with anode material. In this presentation, we show the electronic structure changes upon the insertion of CsN3 and NTCDA at proper interfaces to reduce the charge injection barriers. These barrier reductions are correlated with device characteristics.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.576-582
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• 2021

Dichroic beam-splitter (DBS) with polarization-maintaining took an important role in the free space quantum telecommunication tests on the Micius satellite of China. In this presentation, we designed and prepared a 50 layer polarization-maintaining DBS coating by a dual ion beam sputtering deposition (Dual-IBS) method. In order to solve a stress problem, an 18 layer special anti-reflection (AR) coating with similar physical thickness ratio was deposited on the backside. By stress compensation, the surface flatness RMS value of the DBS sample decreased from 0.341 λ (@632.8 nm) to 0.103 λ while beam splitting and polarization maintaining properties were almost kept unchanged. Further, we discussed the mechanism of film stress and stress compensation by equation deduction and found that total stress had a strong relationship with the total physical thickness and the ratio of layer materials.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.859-866
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• 2006

Grid portal services provide more flexible research environment by overcoming time and space limit of existing application-based grid services. However user's requirements such as user interfaces are not clear during development cycle and changed frequently. Therefore it is necessary to reduce the cost for creating and maintaining user interfaces of grid services. In this paper, we suggest an object-oriented user control model which allows easier development of user interfaces and increases code reusability by abstracting objects from presentation layer of web. In this model, structure of presentation pages can be described more clearly and implementation of actions is simple and easy.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.268-280
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• 2023

Several companies have migrated their existing monolithic web applications to microservice architectures. Consequently, research on the identification of microservices from monolithic web applications has been conducted. Meanwhile, the use-case model plays a crucial role in outlining the system's functionalities at a high level of abstraction, and studies have been conducted to identify microservices by utilizing this model. However, previous studies on microservice identification utilizing use-cases did not consider the components executed in the presentation layer. Unlike existing approaches, this paper proposes a technique that considers all three layers of web applications (presentation, business logic, and data access layers). Initially, the components used in the three layers of a web application are extracted by executing all the scenarios that constitute its use-cases. Thereafter, the usage rate of each component is determined for each use-case and the component is allocated to the use-case with the highest rate. Then, each use-case is realized as a microservice. To verify the proposed approach, microservice identification is performed using open-source web applications.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.2 s.109
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• pp.16-31
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• 2005

This study was carried out to design a bridge-type ecological corridor plan in a forested neighborhood park affected by road construction in Dongjak-gu, Seoul. In order to study the site conditions, we analyzed topography, ecosystem structure, and user behavior and trail use. Existing vegetation was classified into 12 types. Based on a vegetation analysis, the Populus albaglandulosa and Robinia pseudoacacia communities, where planted species are dominant, were distributed extensively in the southern forest area. Planted areas with a single-layer structure of Korean landscape woody plants and Robinia pseudoacacia communities with a single-layer structure were distributed extensively in the northern forest and water-supply area. Based on a study of 28 quadrats, the similarity index between the multi-layer plant communities distributed in the southern forest and the single-layer planted areas was low. Twenty-four species of wild birds(355 individuals) were found in the survey area, including nine interior species and three urban species. The study of user behavior and numbers showed most users were walkers and few users were observed in the southern forest while most users were observed in the northern forest and water supply area. We selected some wild birds as model species to represent migrating species believed to use this park as an ecological corridor during migration. We suggested the new park plan include the following: improvement of vegetation structure for wildbird migration and habitat, connection of park trails for users and presentation of a landscape linked to nature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.177-180
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• 2002

Thickness dependence of crystallographic orientation of diol based sol-gel derived PZT(52/48) films on dielectric and piezoelectric properties was investigated The thickness of each layer by one time spinning was about 0.2 $\mu\textrm{m}$, and crack-free films was successfully deposited on 4 inches Pt/Ti/SiO$_2$/Si substrates by 0.5 mol solutions in the range from 0.2 $\mu\textrm{m}$ to 3.8 $\mu\textrm{m}$. Excellent P-E hysteresis curves were achieved without pores or any defects between interlayers. As the thickness increased , the (111) preferred orientation disappeared from 1$\mu\textrm{m}$ to 3 $\mu\textrm{m}$ region, and the orientation of films became random above 3 $\mu\textrm{m}$. Dielectric constants and longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient d$\_$33/, measured by pneumatic method were saturated around the value of about 1400 and 300 pC/N respectively above the thickness of 0.8 7m. A micromachined piezoelectric cantilever have been fabricated using 0.8 $\mu\textrm{m}$ thickness PZT (52/48) films. PZT films were prepared on Si/SiN$\_$x/SiO$_2$/Ta/Pt substrate and fabricated unimorph cantilever consist of a 0.8 fm thick PZT layer on a SiNx elastic supporting layer, which becomes vibration when ac voltage is applied to the piezoelectric layer. The dielectric constant (at 100 kHz) and remanent polarization of PZT films were 1050 and 25 ${\mu}$C/$\textrm{cm}^2$, respectively. Electromechanical characteristics of the micromachined PZT cantilever in air with 200-600 $\mu\textrm{m}$ lengths are discussed in this presentation.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.8D no.6
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• pp.715-722
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• 2001

In recent years, we recognize a new paradigm in the development process：From object oriented development, to the development process which has focused on the use of standard components. In recent years a lot of research related to the component-based development has been done, especially in business domain. but still there are many open and unresolved problems in this area. such as established development process for a distributed environment, formal process, infrastructure for COTS, development and management tool considering maintenance to guarantee a proper treatment of components. It also required a service and an application integration for component. In this paper, we propose cooperative information systems (CIS) that supports component based development. It must address for component based systems to achieve their full potential. We identify a set of CIS organized 3-tier which is a presentation layer, business logic layer and data control layer. We also discuss the specific roles and activities for the layers. we also define the behavior and managed information for business logic layer as core level. As an illustration of the CIS, we present a successful considerations which is widely helpful to user when they make decision in component development and assemble. Also, we expect to component reusability and efficiency in business domain.