• 한국임상약학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.15-21
• /
• 1991

This study was attempted to investigate the dissolution rate and bioavailability of commercially available furosemide preparations. A. B. and C. The dissolution test was conducted in an artificial gastric juice using the basket method. and furosemide (40 mg) was administered orally to 8 normal volunteers by cross-over design. The results were as follows: the AUC and dissolution rate in 100 min ($D_{100\;min}$) were higher in order of preparations. A > C > B. But the peak concentration. time to reach peak concentration $(T_{max})$, and mean dissolution time (MDT) were in order of preparations. C > A > B. There were significantly linear correlations between the AUC and the $D_{100\;min}$, and between the $T_{max}$ and the MDT. From the results of this experiment. it can be concluded that commercially available preparations bioavailability of furosemide, which may be predicted from the dissolution rate.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.75-80
• /
• 1980

The decoctions and extracts were prepared on the traditionally prescribed four kinds (Kejigamcho-tang, Kejibanha-tang, Keji-tang, Kejiinsam-tang) of preparations containing Cinnamoni Raulus. The contents of cinnamic acid and cinnamic aldehyde in these preparations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography using reverse phase partition column, and 12% MeOH as eluting solvent. The sample was determined using the two wave length, 254nm and 280nm. This method was sucessfully applied to the analysis of cinnamic acid and cinnamic aldehyde of various preparations containing Cinnamons.

• 응용통계연구
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.633-640
• /
• 2012

Biological methods are described for the assay of certain substances and preparations whose potency cannot be adequately assured by chemical or physical analysis. The principle applied through these assays is of a comparison with a standard preparation to determine how much of the examined substance produces the same biological effects as a given quantity (the Unit) of the standard preparation. In these dilution assays, to estimate the relative potencies of the unknown preparations to the standard preparations, it is necessary to compare dose-response relationships of standard and unknown preparations. The dose-response relationship in the dilution assay is non-linear and sigmoid when a wide range of doses is applied. The parallel line model (applied to the dose region with the steepest slope) is used to estimate the relative potency. In this paper, the statistical theory in the parallel line model is explained with an application to a dilution assay data. The parallel line method is implemented in a SAS program and is available at the author's homepage(http://cafe.daum.net/go.analysis).

• 안보군사학연구
• /
• 통권2호
• /
• pp.1-21
• /
• 2004

Clausewitz’s theory of war can be divided between the theory of conduct of war and the theory of preparations for war, and the theory of war that Clausewitz means, is the theory of conduct of war. But before Clausewitz, men regarded a theory of preparations for war as the theory of war. The theory of preparations for war concerns generally about the material side of war, but not its spiritual aspect. The activity of war is basically a human spiritual and psychological action. And because the war is dangerous, the anxiety occurs and diverse human feelings, for example courage, have been required. Also the informations in war is normally very uncertain, so an insight of the commander is in war very needed. The Theory of war has to consider this spiritual aspect. To end the war and to acquire the peace, an excellent talent of commander is necessary. And it is a genius. Men who are difficult to move but have strong feelings, these are the men who are best able to be a genius.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
• /
• pp.233.1-233.1
• /
• 2003

The available period of oral pharmaceutical liquid preparations was decided according to the study of the stability of unopened preparations. But if one reuses the drug after opening the sealed cap, the major components of the drug could change in quality. In addition, there isn｀t any accurate information about the available period of opened oral pharmaceutical liquid preparations. In this study, a long term test, an accelerated test and a microbial limit test are run with A (acetaminophen), B (L-carbocysteine) that are markdted and used frequently. (omitted)

• 대한한의학방제학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2015

Objectives : In Pharmaceutical Affairs Act, herbal medicinal preparations are defined as medicines made by Korean medicine principles. But in Act, Korean medicine principles are vague. Thus, there is a request to explain what the Korean medicine principles are. The aim of this study is to suggest implications of Korean medicine principles in definition of herbal medicinal preparations. Methods : With regard for definition of Korean medicine principles, we referred to the domestic and foreign regulations and literature about the history of herbal medicinal preparations. As a result, the meaning of Korean medicine principles was historically examined from various angles. Results : Through this study, we studied the Korean medicine principles from the past medical history. Due to the broad definition of Korean medicinal principles, we tried to extract general ideas of medicine principles first. We also found that we had scientific formulations based on korean medicine principles which could be used in modern society. In the end, we found that numerous medicine principles which include ‘Four qi and five flavors theory’, ‘Processing of medicinals’, ‘Yin and yang theory’, ‘Five phases theory’, ‘Meridian entry of viscera and bowels theory’, ‘Herb Couplet Interaction theory’, ‘Sovereign, minister, assistant and courier theory’, etc. Conclusions : Innumerable principles used from the past existed. These principles were broad and could be used as modern scientific principles. Based on these facts, we illustrated details of Korean medicine principles, hope this principles be widely shared and Korean herbal medicinal preparations be further developed.

• 대한예방한의학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2017

Objectives : This study was conducted to identify awareness and satisfaction of herbal medicine preparations in Korean medicine doctor(KMD). Methods : The questionnaire consisted of three professors of Korean medicine based on previous researches and reports. The pilot survey was conducted to five KMDs who work in local clinic to get face validity. Based on the results of the pilot survey, three professors of Korean medicine completed the final version. Online surveys was conducted to member of the association of Korean medicine from march 25 to april 6 in 2016. Results : The proportion of patients who prescribe herbal medicine was not significantly correlated to gender (p=0.346), but significantly correlated to age(p<0.01), specialty(p=0.017), monthly income(0.022), and clinical experience(p<0.001). The most common reason for using the herbal preparations which is covered by NHI (National Health Insurance) was due to patient's payment(39.3%). Likewise, the most common reason for using the herbal preparations which is not covered by NHI was various kind of prescription(34.1%). Conclusions : The utilization of herbal preparations could be enhanced by expansion of NHI cover range of herbal preparations.

• 대한임상독성학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.110-116
• /
• 2008

Purpose: Acute toxic hepatitis is a common cause of acute liver failure (ALF). We investigated the causes, clinical manifestation, and outcomes of ALF patients who underwent liver transplantation due to acute toxic hepatitis caused by herbal medicines and preparations. Methods: Between January 1992 and May 2008, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 24 patients who were transplanted due to acute toxic hepatitis caused by herbal medicines and preparations. We applied the RUCAM score to patients with acute toxic hepatitis and assessed the relationship between herbal preparations and liver injury. We studied the patients' medication history, liver function tests, and clinical outcomes. Results: The type of liver injury was divided into three groups: hepatocellular type, 14 patients (58.3%); cholestatic type, 4 patients (16.7%); and mixed type, 6 patients (25%). Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg (3 cases) was the most common cause of acute toxic hepatitis, followed by Acanthopanax senticosus (2 cases), pumpkin juice (2 cases), Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz (2 cases), Hovenia dulcis (1 case), Phellinus linteus (1 case), and Artemisia capillaries (1 case). One year survival after liver transplantation was 76%. Conclusion: We identified the herbal preparations leading to acute liver failure. Many patients consider herbal remedies to be completely free of unwanted side effects. However, we found that many herbal products have biological activities that can lead to severe hepatotoxicity.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제62권5호
• /
• pp.173-178
• /
• 2019

Purpose: To determine whether Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 plays a role in absorption of iron preparations given to children with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Methods: We performed a quasi-experimental study involving pre- and postintervention tests using a control group in North Sulawesi province, Indonesia, between July and September 2017. We conducted a single-blind controlled trial that included primary school children who were diagnosed with IDA based on reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (Ret-He) levels <27.8 pg/L. Results: A total of 66 children were randomized into 2 groups. Thirty-four children received iron preparations with the addition of L. reuteri DSM 17938 (group 1), whereas the other 32 received iron preparations alone (group 2). The baseline Ret-He levels before intervention were similar in both groups. After 14 days of intervention, mean Ret-He level in group 1 changed from $24.43{\pm}1.64$ to $28.21{\pm}1.72pg/L$ (P=0.000). Mean Ret-He level in group 2 changed from $24.31{\pm}1.42$ to $27.03{\pm}2.14pg/L$ (P=0.000). Statistical analysis showed a significant increase in Ret-He levels in both groups; Ret-He levels were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Children with IDA receiving iron preparations with L. reuteri DSM 17938 for 14 days show higher Ret-He levels than those receiving iron preparations alone.

• 한국사회복지학
• /
• 제60권3호
• /
• pp.275-297
• /
• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 중 고령자의 경제적 노후 준비와 그 결정 요인을 분석하고, 이를 바탕으로 정책적 함의를 도출하는 데 있다. 분석자료는 통계청의 2007년 사회통계조사자료로서 이 조사에 포함되어 있는 45세에서 59세 사이의 중 고령자 18,354명을 분석대상으로 삼았다. 연구의 개념체계는 Andersen 모형에 기반했으며, 경제적 노후준비에 미치는 요인을 logistic 분석을 이용하여 찾고자 하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 경제적 노후준비가 전혀 안된 중 고령자의 비율이 상당히 높고, 나이가 들수록 오히려 경제적 노후준비를 하지 않은 비율은 높다. 둘째, 남성, 교육수준, 결혼상태, 경제활동, 현재소득인식, 주택소유, 거주지역, 전반적 생활여건은 경제적 노후준비에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다. 셋째, 남성, 연령, 경제활동은 사적 경제적 노후준비에 부정적인 영향을 미치지만, 교육수준, 현재소득인식, 전반적 생활여건향상은 사적 경제적 노후준비에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다. 넷째, 남성, 교육수준, 결혼상태, 경제활동, 현재소득인식, 주택소유, 거주지역, 전반적 생활여건향상, 장래소득기대는 부수적 경제적 노후준비에 긍정적 영향을 미치고, 연령은 부수적 경제적 노후준비에 부정적 영향을 미친다.