• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.1.1-1.11
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• 2023

Objectives: This study evaluated the dentinal penetration depth of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in root canals with and without preparation and different irrigant activation protocols. Materials and Methods: Sixty-three bovine mandibular incisors were randomly allocated to 6 groups (n = 10): G1, preparation + conventional needle irrigation (CNI); G2, preparation + passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI); G3, preparation + Odous Clean (OC); G4, no preparation + CNI; G5, no preparation + PUI; G6, no preparation + OC; and CG (negative control; n = 3). Samples were filled with crystal violet for 72 hours. Irrigant activation was performed. Samples were sectioned perpendicularly along the long axis, 3 mm and 7 mm from the apex. Images of the root thirds of each block were captured with a stereomicroscope and analyzed with an image analysis software. One-way analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey post hoc test, and the Student's t-test were used for data analysis, with a significance level of 5%. Results: The NaOCl penetration depth was similar when preparation was performed, regardless of the method of irrigation activation (p > 0.05). In the groups without preparation, G6 showed greater NaOCl penetration depth (p < 0.05). The groups without preparation had a greater NaOCl penetration depth than those with preparation (p = 0.0019). Conclusions: The NaOCl penetration depth was similar in groups with root canal preparation. Without root canal preparation, OC allowed deeper NaOCl penetration. The groups without preparation had greater NaOCl penetration than those undergoing root canal preparation.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2021

Objectives: This study aims to understand the mediating effects of self-efficacy on the effects of social support on mental health and career preparation behavior of academic high school students. Methods: A survey was conducted targeting total 297 respondents from May 27 to May 30th 2019. The collected data was analyzed by using the PASW Statistics Ver. 18.0. Results: When the school life satisfaction was lower, and when the personality was more introverted, the students with lower school grade showed significantly low scores of mental health and career preparation behavior. In the effects of social support on mental health, the self-efficacy showed mediating roles. In the effects of social support on career preparation behavior, the self-efficacy showed mediating roles. Conclusion: If the education for strengthening social support is preferentially performed, the self-efficacy could be increased, which would have more positive effects on mental health and career preparation behavior. Regarding the subjects of education, t would be more effective to provide selective and concentrative education to the group with significantly low scores of mental health and career preparation behavior.

• 아동학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.139-160
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the difference in perception among parents of preschoolers, parents of school aged children, teachers of child care centers and elementary school teachers regarding testing on the level of preparation for attending elementary school. Firstly, the results of the study revealed that elementary school teachers had notions regarding the level of preparation for entering school that were more specific than day care teachers and parents. Second, it was shown that effort and a sense of responsibility were most important for the improvement of the level of preparation for elementary school level studies. Third, the results of this study revealed that many respondents thought that there needs to be some form of testing of the level of preparation for school and the respondents further stated that this testing needed to be conducted by child care center teachers or experts in the field. Finally, it was shown that such a test of the level of preparation for school attendance should be developed by including questions on different areas of the intelligence, adaptability, function, tendencies and regulations in relation to the needs of preschoolers.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.941-953
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• 2011

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of demographic, occupation value, career attitude, and social support on high school students' career preparation behavior. The data was collected from the Korean Survey on of the Career and occupation of Youth in 2009(N=3,499). Descriptive statistics, One-way ANOVA, T-test, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed on SPSS 17.0. The results of this study are as follows: first, career preparation behavior according to gender was much higher for female students than male students. There were statistically significant differences in career preparation behavior according to school years. The first year students' perception in of career preparation behavior was higher than the second, and third year students. The first year students' perception in of career preparation behavior was higher than second, and third year students. Second, career preparation behavior had a significant correlations with work value, career attitude, family support, and school support. Third, this study demonstrated that career decisiveness and family support was a strong factor in career preparation behavior. In addition, among all factors, the career decisiveness of career attitude was proved to be the most influential factor on career preparation behavior. The study discusses practical implications for career education programs.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.44-67
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• 2016

이 연구의 목적은 공업계 고등학생들의 회복탄력성, 전공만족도, 취업준비도간의 구조적 관계를 구명하는 것이다. 이 연구의 대상은 공업계 고등학생이며, 440명의 공업계 고등학생들을 조사대상으로 선정하였다. 조사도구로는 설문지를 활용하였으며, 회수된 409부 중 불성실 응답을 제외한 391부를 분석에 활용하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같았다. 첫째, 공업계 고등학생들의 회복탄력성은 높았으며, 영역별로는 흥미와 관심의 다양성이 가장 높았으며, 감정조절이 상대적으로 가장 낮았다. 그리고 공업계 고등학생들의 일반 특성에 따른 차이를 알아본 결과 마이스터고 학생이 특성화고 학생보다, 남학생이 여학생보다, 교과성적이 높은 학생이 회복탄력성이 더 높았다. 둘째, 공업계 고등학생들의 전공만족도는 보통이었으며, 영역별로는 전공 전망이 가장 높았으며, 사회차원 만족이 상대적으로 가장 낮았다. 그리고 공업계 마이스터고 학생이 특성화고 학생보다, 남학생이 여학생보다, 교과성적이 높은 학생이 전공만족도가 더 높았다. 셋째, 공업계 고등학생들의 취업준비도는 보통이었으며, 하위 영역 중 취업태도가 매우 높았으며, 직무수행능력과 취업정보는 보통이었다. 그리고 공업계 마이스터고 학생이 특성화고 학생보다, 남학생이 여학생보다, 교과성적이 높은 학생이 취업준비도가 더 높았다. 넷째, 공업계 고등학생들의 회복탄력성은 직접적으로 학생들의 취업준비도에 영향을 미칠뿐 아니라 전공만족도를 매개로 하여 취업준비도에 영향을 주었다. 그리고 다중집단분석을 통하여 공업계 고등학생들의 회복탄력성과 전공만족도, 취업준비도의 관계는 마이스터고와 특성화고 모두에 적용되는 모형임이 확인되었다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.110-115
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• 2016

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a powerful tool for analyzing a broad range of materials and provides localized information about the microstructure. However, the analysis results are strongly influenced by the quality of the thin foil specimen. Sample preparation for TEM analysis requires considerable skill, especially when the area of interest is small or the material of interest is difficult to thin because of its high hardness and its mechanical instability when thinned. This article selectively reviews recent advances in TEM sample preparation techniques using a tripod polisher. In particular, it introduces two typical types (fl at type and wedge type) of TEM sample preparation and the benefits and drawbacks of each method; finally, a method of making better samples for TEM analysis is suggested.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.20-35
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to provide grounds for the development of preparation of Korean medicine through investigating the usage of smoking preparation, fumigant and buccal preparations in "Dongeuibogam". Methods : We have researched the usage of related preparations as following procedure : 1. Choosing a related words such as combustion(燒, 燎, 燃) smoking(烟), fumigation(熏, 熏烟, 熏洗), inhalation(聞, 嗅, 齅), holding in mouth(含, 噙). 2. Searching sentences : We have searched sentences containing the related words in "Dongeuibogam", analyzed the selected sentences and made tables of the usage including indication, formula, material. Conclusions : 1. Smoking preparations and Fumigant can be classified into two different groups : 1) internal usage for the treatment of internal diseases such as dizziness, congestion, stroke, cough. 2) external usage for the treatment of wounds, sores, genital diseases, anal disease and for the prevention of diseases. 2. Buccal preparation is mainly used for the treatment of mouth, tongue, throat and lung diseases. 3. These preparations have been used not only for external diseases but internal diseases. 4. Each preparation has chief herbs for its peculiar properties of treatment.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.57-80
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• 2015

이 연구는 초등학교 수학 시험준비전략과 시험수행전략 검사를 개발하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 초등학생 9명을 대상으로 반구조화면접을 시행하여 시험준비전략 및 시험수행전략의 요인을 도출하고 요인별 문항을 개발한 다음, 초등교원 및 전문가의 내용타당도 검토를 거쳤다. 또한 G광역시 소재 13개 초등학교 6학년 학생 857명을 대상으로 변수중심 검사타당화를 시도하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 수학 시험준비전략 및 시험수행전략 검사에서 각각 인지전략, 메타인지전략, 학습자원관리전략의 3요인이 도출되었다. 둘째, 탐색적 요인분석, 확인적 요인분석 및 신뢰도 분석을 사용하여 타당화한 결과, 3요인 23문항의 수학 시험준비전략 검사와 3요인 24문항의 수학 시험수행전략 검사가 구성되었다. 이 연구에서 개발한 검사를 이용하여 초등학생 수학 시험준비전략과 시험수행전략의 각 요인별 수준을 파악하고, 이를 바탕으로 각 요인별 전략을 향상시키기 위한 프로그램 개발이 가능할 것으로 본다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.4961-4971
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• 2014

특성화고 졸업자들이 취업을 하는데 중요한 요소는 무엇인가? 특히 특성화고의 각종 취업지원정책과 더불어 학교에서 실시하고 있는 각종 시설 및 교과지원, 직업능력지원, 진로지도, 취업지원 등의 프로그램과 개인이 하는 진로준비행동, 직업탐색행동, 이에 따른 진로성숙도의 증가는 취업에 과연 영향을 미치는 것인가? 이를 위해 먼저 학교에서 실시되고 있는 프로그램 등의 학교지원만족도, 가정에서 실시한 진로준비행동, 취업 전의 예비적 직업탐색행동, 이에 따른 진로성숙도 등을 주요변수로 하여 구조모형을 설정하고 분석하였다. 분석결과, 학교지원만족도는 진로성숙도, 가정에서의 진로준비행동 등에 유의미한 영향관계를 보여주고 있고 직접적으로 취업에 영향을 미치거나 간접적으로 취업에 영향을 미치게 된다. 다음으로 가정에서의 진로준비행동은 직접적으로 취업에 영향을 주며 예비적 직업탐색행동과 진로성숙도를 높이게 된다. 특히, 가정에서의 진로준비행동은 예비적 직업탐색행동을 통해 취업을 높이는 중요한 요인으로 확인되었다. 다음으로 성별에 따른 변인간의 영향관계를 본 결과, 학교지원만족도는 취업을 직접적으로 높이고 여성의 경우가 더 높게 나타나, 양질의 학교지원프로그램을 강화하되 특히 여성에 맞는 취업지원프로그램도 개발, 지원할 필요가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 학교지원만족도가 높으면 여성은 가정에서의 진로준비행동을 잘 하는 것으로 나타났는데 여성이 가정에서 갖는 진로에 대한 대화 등 진로준비활동은 남성과 달리 취업에 중요한 요인이 되고 있어 여성의 경우 학부모를 대상으로 하는 지원프로그램들을 마련할 필요가 있음이 제기되었다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제50권7호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to identify a causal relationship in the career preparation behavior, parental social support, career decision making self-efficacy and the career maturity of the pre-service elementary school teachers. A total of 374 questionnaires were used for data analysis, excluding the 23 copies deemed insincere in response. To ensure the reliability and validity of the questions, technical statistics of the frequency, ratio, average, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis via PASW 18.0, item-total correlation, the totality, and the reliability analysis. The structural analysis via AMOS 7.0 in the bootstrapping method was undertaken to perform the path analysis among the variables and to assess the suitability of the model. The findings of the study led to the following conclusions: First, the causal model for the career preparation behavior, parental social support, career decision making self-efficacy, and the career maturity of the pre-service elementary school teachers is suitable to empirical analysis on research variables. Second, the career decision making self-efficacy of pre-service elementary teachers has direct effect on career preparation behavior positively. Third, parental social support of the pre-service elementary teachers has indirect effects on the career preparation behavior positively.