• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.228-233
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy and safety of ibuprofen and indomethacin in the prophylaxis of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants and to determine whether ibuprofen could be an alternative agent in prophylactic use. Methods: A retrospective study including 37 preterm infants <1,500 g of birth weight, <34 weeks of gestation, whom were administrated indomethacin (n=17; January 2009-December 2009) or ibuprofen (n=20; January 2010-February 2011) within 24 hr after birth was conducted. The rate of ductal closure, need for surgical ligation, clinical outcomes such as necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and death rate were compared. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in mean gestational age, mean birth weight, Apgar score, sex, type of delivery, maternal dexamethasone treatment, frequency and duration of ventilator and surfactant treatment. The closure of PDA on day 7 of life was in 19 of 20 infants of the ibuprofen group and 13 of 17 infants of the indomethacin group (P=0.159). Between the two groups, there were no significant differences with respect to clinical outcomes. Conclusion: Ibuprofen has similar effects to indomethacin in the rate of PDA closure. Our study demonstrates that prophylactic ibuprofen is relatively effective without significant differences with respect to clinical outcomes compared with indomethacin. Therefore, ibuprofen may be used as an alternative agent in the prophylaxis of PDA in preterm infants.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.885-905
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine creativity styles of elementary science gifted students through the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT). For this study, the TTCT-Figural Form A was used, with data form 206 elementary science gifted students, which included 56 urban students, 115 suburban students, and 35 rural students. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to examine a two-factor model of creativity styles based on Kim's (2006). Level of creativity was analyzed on the basis of the creativity styles and the numbers of creativity styles were analyzed according to region, grade, and gender. The results are as follows: Factor innovative was loaded by fluency and originality; factor adaptive loaded by elaboration, abstractness of titles, and creative strength; and both factor innovative and factor adaptive loaded by resistance to premature closure. The percentage of adaptive styles is higher than the innovative styles. Urban had more adaptors than rural. There were more adaptors in 6th grade than 5th grade. Gifted female adaptors had significantly higher creative potential than gifted male adaptors and gifted female innovators also showed higher creative potential than gifted male innovators. Creativity styles can give more information about individuals' strengths and weakness so that do an important role in understanding characteristics of gifted students.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 1995

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of the various stage of growth on dry matter yield and chmical composition of forage oat(Avena sativa. L.). Seeds were planted on March 13 1993 on the Livestock Experimental Farm Keiymung junior college at keongsan Keongsangbukdo. Oat plant were harvested at various stages of maturity while the oat was in the premature stages. 1. Whole plant dry matter increased with advancing maturity. It was 11.8, 12.3, 14.9, 25.6 and 28.8% at before flag leaf emerged, flag leaf emerged, heads emerged, milk and dough stage., respectively. Dry matter increased very little during from before flag leaf emerged to heads emerged, after which it increased rapidly until the plant was dough stage. 2. Leaf weight ratio decreased with advancing maturity from before flag leaf emerged to dough, varied fmm 58 to 1 1%. Grain(with lemma, palea) increased with advancing maturity from heads emerged to dough, varied from 7 to 43%. 3. The content of cmde protein decreased during the stages of growth until milk(P<.OS), and then changed very little with advancing maturity. 4. The content of NDF and ADF increased rapidly during the early growth period until heading(P<.05) and then decreased due to the increase in carbohydrate storage in the grain. 5. The dry matter yields per ha increased with advancing maturity, it was 2,420, 4,380, 7,190, 13,130 and 14,530kg at before flag leaf emerged, flag leaf emerged, heads emerged, milk and early dough, respectively. Significant difference has been obtained among stages of growth(P< .05). 6. According to the results obtained from this study, it is suggested that milk stage of maturity is higher in dry matter yields would be recomendable for spring oat for silage.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1192-1198
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• 2004

Sasang Constitutional Medicine is a major branch of Korean Traditional Medicine. The differences of disease susceptibility to be shown in Sasang constitution may be due to genetic factors. Therefore, I examined interrelationship among cerebral infarction (CI), apolipoprotein E (apo E) gene polymorphism, and Sasang constitutional classification. Apo E is a key protein modulating the highly atherogenic apoB containing lipoproteins and is a candidate gene for the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). The ε2 and/or ε4 alleles were the first to be implicated in premature CAD, which resulted in this polymorphism being extensively studied. I investigated the association between apo E genotype and CI by case-control study in a Korean population. I also classified CI patients and control group into groups according to Sasang Constitutional Medicine. 218 CI patients and 379 controls without CI were examined. Apo E genotype was determined by 8% polyacrylamide gel separation after DNA amplification. A frequency of apo E ε3/ε3 in the apo E genotype distribution was higher in the CI patients compared with that in controls. Also, it was widely known that Taeumin was easily attacked with CI, but there was no association between apo E polymorphim and Taeumin. However, the Taeumin constitution did not enhance the relative risk for CI in the subjects with apo E ε2 and/or ε4 alleles. No differences in the apo E genotypes frequencies were observed in the Taeumin compared with that in the other constitutions. In addition, I investigated whether the DD(deletion/deletion) or ID(insertion/deletion) genotype of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene, a candidate gene for CI, was associated with CI, Taeumin constitution, and apo E polymorphism. As a result, the frequency of Taeumin constitution was significantly higher in CI patients with both apo E ε3/ε4 and ACE ID/DD genotypes than in the remaining Sasang constitutions. In summary, it was concluded that the apo E polymorphism is a major risk factor for CI in Koreans and the ACE ID/DD genotype enhanced the relative risk for CI in the subjects with apo E ε3/ε4 genotype and Taeumin constitution.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.99-108
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to research the clinical of cerebral palsy taking physical therapy at the department of physical therapy of various clinics at Kyungnam${\cdot}$Pusan. Among the subjects that was born from January, 1985 to June, 2000, 226 parents was answered to questionary of this study. The results of the study were as follows: 1) During the embryonic period, the cerebral palsied children above 37weeks were 114 subjects(50.9%) and there was 51 subjects(22.8%) between 28weeks to 31weeks and 32weeks to 36weeks. The children below 28weeks were 8 subjects(3.6%) and showed the lowest rate. As compared to the delievery methods, the normal delievery, cesserian section delievery, and forceps delievery was 124 subjects(55.1%), 81(36.0%), 16(7.1%), nad 4(1.8%). Among them the mormal delievery indicated the highest percentage. 2) Compared to the weight during birth time, the above 2500g of 121 subjects(55.3%) showed the highest rate and the 28 subjects(12.8%) had the birth weight of 1000to 1499g. There was 4 subjects(1.8%) below the 1000g. 3) Compared to the birth weight of the pregnancy period, the weight of the cerebral palsied children below 28weeks were 1000g to 1499g and showed the highest rate of 4 subjects(50%). The children between 28weeks to 31weeks and 32weeks to 36weeks were 1500 to 2499g, each 23(47.9%), and 28(54.9%) subject. The weight of the children of the above 37weeks were above 2500g and 94 subjects(87.4%). Therefore, if the period of pregnancy is short, the weight birth would indicate the lower weight than the weight of the other times(p<0.05). 4) The spastic type of the pregnant period had the highest rate and the period was the below 28weeks to 31weeks. The cerebral palsied children of athetoid and mixed type were 6 subjects(13.3%) and 5 subjects(31.9%) between 28 and 31weeks. The mixed type of them was each 15 (31.9%) and 33 (30.6%) subjects between 32 to 36 weeks and the above 37weeks. The mixed type showed a slightly high rate (p<0.05). 5) The spastic type indicated the highest rate in the weight of birth time and especially showed the high rate in the case of 1000 to 1499g. The mixed type indicated a slightly high rate of 17 subjects (25.8%) and 32 subjects (29.1%) in case of 1500 to 2499g and the above 2500g (p<0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.56-63
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• 2006

In order to evaluate the mechanism of cellulose hydrolysis, the complementary DNA encoding Glycoside Hydrolase Family (GHF)74 was cloned from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Depending on the presence of Cellulose Binding Module (CBM), it can be classified as GHF74A or GHF74B. The GHF74A gene from P. chrysosporium (PcGHF74A) consists of 2163 bp encoding a protein of 721 amino acid residues. The PcGHF74A showed homology of 70~77% compared with the GHF74 from other filamentous fungi. The PcGHF74B, which contains CBM and is a member of family 1, was transcribed to various transcripts depending on the nature of carbon sources and their concentration. To study the possible presence of splice variants in GHF74B transcripts in P. chrysospoium, we carried out RT-PCR analysis using primers that designed based on the annotation data and sequenced data. Our result indicated that PcGHF74B was transcribed to several splicing variants in various culture conditions. Especially in the culture of 2% cellulose, three transcript products were observed. First transcript was presumed to be a full length ORF that contained 11th intron with stop codon at position 2562 bp. The second one consisted of 12 exons and 11 introns with stop codon at position 1187 bp with 7th exon. The shortest transcript consisted of 10 exons and 9 introns with stop codon at 910 bp in the 7th exon. These premature stop codon might prevent the synthesis of fully active GHF74 or contribute for the production of protein with distinct function depending on the ambient carbon sources.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.75-90
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• 2003

Ettringite and thaumasite were observed in some concrete. The morphology and occurrence of these minerals were closely examined by performing SEM/EDAX analyses. We also experimentally induced the concrete deterioration using $Na_2SO_4$ solution with application of various environmental conditions. The stability of these minerals and deterioration characteristics under applied experimental conditions were determined. Abundant ettringite formed by“through solution reaction”occurred in many open spaces, and some microscopic ettringite formed by "tophochemical replacement" of calcium aluminate also occurred in cement paste. Severe cracking of cement paste causing premature deterioration was often associated with ettringite location. Under specific condition, ettringite was transformed to thaumasite, tricthloroaluminate, or decomposed. Thaumasite occurred with association of ettrinsite in concrete containing carbonate aggregate being subject to dedolomitization or in some concrete being subject to carbonation. Thaumasite appears to be formed under the similar condition to the general ettringite forming condition, but it formed solid solution with ettringite by substituting pre-existing ettringite. Ettringite can also be transformed to trichloroaluminate in the presence of abundant chlorides, but trichloroaluminate changed back to ettringite in late sulfate attack. It is considered that the substitution reaction direction solely depend on the concentration of chloride and sulfate ion.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 2003

Objectives: Antidepressants are frequently associated with sexual dysfunction. Especially, there were few report of sexual dysfunction related with venlafaxine and mirtazapine in Korea. The purpose of this survey was to evaluate the frequency and nature of sexual dysfunction related with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs), venlafaxine and mirtazapine by the use of specific questionaires. Methods: In one hundred twenty two patients, sexual dysfunction was investigated cross-sectionally by using The questionaires for sexual dysfunction, which includes questions about decreased libido, delayed orgasm or ejaculation, premature ejaculation or orgasm, absence of orgasm or ejaculation, erectile dysfunction in men/vaginal lubrication dysfunction in women, sexual pain and patient's tolerance of the sexual dysfunction. BDI was also measured. Sexual dysfunction was analyzed in association with the duration and the dose of medications and the severity of depression. Results: The incidence of sexual dysfunction during antidepressants use in our survey was 37.7%. There were no difference of incidence in sexes(p=.746). In comparison of paroxetine, venlafaxine and mirtazapine, there were no significant differences of the incidence(p=.065) and the severity of any type of sexual dysfunction. Conclusion: Although there were no significant differences of sexual dysfunction in our survey, sexual dysfunction may be closely associated with antidepressants. Further prospective study of sexual dysfunction should be needed.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.140-145
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• 2008

After limb salvage operation becomes popular, reconstruction method of epi-metaphyseal osteosarcoma is relatively standardized though it may be operator's matter of preference. Most limb salvage techniques presently used are prosthesis reconstruction and osteoarticular allograft. In the case of prosthesis, it is very stable and shows good postoperative functional score, however, finally, it has a weak point of requirement for removal procedure due to failure. In the long run, allograft reconstruction has a good merit. But, it has a weak point of difficulties in securing the demanded size and shape. Allograft reconstruction should be performed only in the case of safe margin and established indication. In limb salvage operation, intercalary reconstruction is useful method in diaphyseal osteosarcoma, however, in metaphyseal osteosarcoma, the indication is not confirmed. We treated 17 year old osteosarcoma patient with localized in the tibial medial condyle with proximal medial condylectomy and pasteurized bone reconstruction in the conviction of safe surgical margin. We report this case because we guess if this procedure may be applied to premature patients, despite failure hemiarthroplasty can be tried successfully.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.12
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• pp.99-119
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• 2003

A model is proposed for the role of emotional intensity of a web site, and the moderating influence of product involvement, in the Integrative Framework of persuasion (Meyers-Levy and Malvaiya 1999). The model also appropriately operationalizes the constructs emotional intensity of a web site and product involvement The three routes to persuasion, Central, Peripheral, and Experiential correspond to high, moderate, and low involvement (Meyers-Levy and Malaviya 1999). The involvement construct is measured from message recipients using the Personal Product Inventory (Pill, which was developed to capture the concept of product involvement (Zaichkowsky 1985). The conceptualization of the Personal Product Inventory is a contextrree measure that also has robust psychometric properties when applied to advertisements (Zaichkowsky 1994). The propositions highlight the expected importance of emotional intensity of a web site. The moderating influence of product involvement is also proposed. Specifically, what this work proposes is that the emotional intensity of a product site has a larger impact on attitude change under low product involvement, as opposed to moderate product involvement. Support for this reasoning can be found in the persuasion literature (Petty et al 1986). The Petty et al (1986) frame work is a dual process descriptive and predictive frame work in the area of altitude formation and change. Recently, Myers Levy and Malaviya (1999) have proposed a tri-process framework. This is in tum based on the dual process model of Petty et al. (1986). The study outlined in this paper aims to deepen the Meyers Levy and Malaviya (1999) and frame work. The propositions outlined in the model are empirically tested using a repeated measures experimental design. The emotional intensity is measured using a scale that is based on experts judgments. Using a paired comparison t-test two sites are determined to be of high and low emotional intensity. The model is tested using a repeated measures experimental design. The first independent variable Emotional Intensity of the site is manipulated. The Second independent variable, Personal Product Inventory is measured. While, the dependent variable, product altitude change will also be measured. Utilizing Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) the data is analyzed using SPSS. The results suggest that besides the rational content of messages their emotional content can also influence attitude change. Specifically, it is proposed that the manipulation of emotional intensity of a product Web site has a greater impact on product altitudes under high and low product involvement conditions, rather than moderate product involvement. However, the results for product involvement as a continuous variable has a p value of 0.09. Further, the results for three levels of product involvement were far from significant. For two levels of product involvement also, the results were insignificant, the p value approached 0.20. This evidence indicates that it is premature to conclude that there are three routes to persuasion. A caveat, however, must be added, in that the manipulations may not have been strong enough to test the proposed hypotheses. Further, undoubtedly, there is unequivocal evidence the emotional intensity of a product Web site, as measured here, has a direct impact on product attitudes.