• Title/Summary/Keyword: preliminary stabilization

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An Experimental Study on Optimal Mixture Ratio of Hardening Agent for Surface Soil Stabilization (연약지반 표층안정처리를 위한 고화재의 최적조합 산정에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • 천병식;김진춘;최현석
    • Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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    • 2000.11a
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    • pp.17-24
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    • 2000
  • Hardening agent has been the traditional material for surface soil stabilization of soft ground. This study aims at determining optimal mixture ratio of hardening agent in accordance with the required design specifications. Hardening agent is properly mixtured with Fly ash, Gypsum, Slag and Cement for the ettringite hydrates which is effective for early stabilization of unconsolidated soil. The treated soil is the clay which are widely found here and there in Korea. In this study, preliminary tests were performed to get optimal mixture ratio of stabilizer ingredient, and marine clay in Jin-Hae was used to get physical and chemical properties. Laboratory tests of 50 stabilized soil were peformed to get optimal mixture ratio for 16 stabilizer material of 6 type, and stabilizer mixing was determined.

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A Study on the Surface Soil Stabilization Method on Marine Clay (해성점성토의 표층안정처리 공법에 관한 연구)

  • 천병식;한기열
    • Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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    • 2000.10a
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    • pp.129-134
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    • 2000
  • Hardening agent has been the traditional material for surface soil stabilization a sat ground This study aims at determining optimal mixture ratio of hardening agent in accordance with the required design specificutions. Hardening agent is properly mixed with Fly ash, Gyosum, Slag and Cement for the etmmngite hydrates which is dective for early stabilization of unconsoliokrred soil. \ulcornerhe treated soil is the clay tint is widely found here and there in Koresz In this study, preliminary tests were performed to get optirml mixture ratio of stabilizer ingredient, and mrvine clay in Jin-Hae was used to get physid and Md properties. Labomtory tests of 50 stabilized soil were performed to get optimal mixture mtio for 16-stabilizer merial a 6 types, a d stabilizer mixing was determined

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A Study on the Surface Soil Stabilization on Marine Clay by the Hardening Agent (고화재에 의한 해성점성토의 표층안정처리에 관한 연구)

  • 천병식;양진석
    • Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.92-97
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    • 2001
  • Hardening agents have been the traditional material for surface soil stabilization of soft ground. This study aims at determining the optimal mixture ratio of the hardening agent in accordance with the required design specifications. Hardening agents which consists of fly ash, gypsum, slag and cement for the ettringite hydrates is effective for early stabilization of unconsolidated soil. The raw ground material is the clay that is widely found in Korea. In this study, preliminary tests were performed to get an optimal mixture ratio of the stabilizer ingredient and marine clay from Jinhae was used to get physical and chemical properties. Laboratory tests of 50 stabilized soils were performed to get an optimal mixture ratio for 16-stabilizer materials of 6 types, and a mixture ratio of the stabilizer ingredient and marine clay was determined.

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Stabilization of Solid Waste in Lysimeter by Air Injection Mode (공기주입 방식을 이용한 매립모형조내 폐기물 안정화)

  • Kim, Kyung;Park, Joon-Seok;Lee, Hwan;Lee, Cheol-Hyo;Kim, Joung-Dae
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.15-22
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    • 2005
  • This study was conducted to evaluate air injection mode on stabilization of solid waste in lysimeter. For three lysimeters, one was maintained under anaerobic condition as control, and air was injected into two lysimeters in continuous mode (atmospheric pressure) and intermittent mode (high pressure of 2 bar). Distilled water was sprayed over solid waste in 1.4 l/$m^3$(solid waste)/day, supposing rainfall intensity of 1,200 mm/yr and 30% infiltration. Oxygen in landfill gas was not detected in control lysimeter during operational days. After 30 day-aeration, oxygen concentrations of continuous and intermittent modes were maintained in 14% and 6%, respectively. $COD_{Cr}$ removal efficiencies of continuous and intermittent modes were about 70% and 50%, and BOD5 removal efficiencies were about 80% and 20%, respectively. In view of oxygen supply, and $COD_{Cr}$ and $BOD_5$ removal, continuous air injection mode of atmospheric pressure was more effective than intermittent mode of 2 bar. Settling degree of solid waste in case of two air injection modes was 3 times higher than that of anaerobic condition as control. Considering the above results, it was thought that air injection (especially continuous atmospheric pressure) could improve degradation of solid waste and induce preliminary stabilization in landfill site.

Effects of Neck Stabilization and Swiss Ball Exercises on the Recovery from Fatigue of Neck Muscles in Turtle Neck Posture: Preliminary Experimental Study

  • Kim, Byeong Jo
    • Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.1498-1507
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the immediate effect of neck stabilization exercise and Swiss ball exercise on the recovery from the fatigue of neck muscles induced. The turtleneck posture was set artificially by using Smartphone with healthy adults. Repetitively measured ANOVA was executed to examine the changes in the muscle fatigue of sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius, and splenius capitis among three-time intervals (at the time of general resting, work and after intervention) in the three intervention groups (neck stabilization exercise group, Swiss ball exercise group, and ordinary rest group). There were no significant differences in the changes of fatigue of sternocleidomastoid muscle among all three intervention groups at the time of general resting, work and after intervention (p>.05). Although there was no significant difference in the changes in the fatigue of upper trapezius and splenius capitis muscles between the intervention groups at the time of general resting and work (p>.05), there was the significant difference between the three intervention groups at the time of work and after intervention (p>.05). This study suggest that Swiss ball exercise is more effective in reducing the muscular fatigue of the neck and shoulder at a turtleneck posture than neck stabilization exercise.

The Evaluation of Optimum Hardening Agent Mixture Ratio for Surface Stabilization on Extremely Soft Marine Clay (초연약해성점성토 지반의 표층안정처리를 위한 최적고화재 배합비 산정에 관한 연구)

  • 천병식;한기열
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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    • 2001.05a
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    • pp.408-415
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    • 2001
  • Hardening agent has been the traditional material for surface soil stabilization of soft ground. The aim of this study if to determine optimal mixture ratio of hardening agent in accordance with the required design specifications. Hardening agent consists of fly ash, gypsum, slag and cement for the ettringite hydrates and if effective for early stabilization of unconsolidated soil. The raw ground material is the clay that is widely found here and there in Korea. In this study, preliminary tests were performed to get optimal mixture ratio of stabilizer ingredient and marine clay in Jinhae was used to get physical and chemical properties. Laboratory tests of 50 stabilized soils were performed to get optimal mixture ratio for 16-stabilizer materials of 6 types, and mixture ratio of stabilizer ingredient and marine clay was determined.

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Distance-based Formation Control: Background, Principal Results and Issues (거리기반 편대 제어: 기초지식, 주요결과 및 이슈)

  • Kang, Sung-Mo;Park, Myoung-Chul;Lee, Byung-Hun;Oh, Kwang-Kyo;Ahn, Hyo-Sung
    • Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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    • v.19 no.5
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    • pp.398-409
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    • 2013
  • This paper provides an overview of distance-based formation control. Firstly, in this paper, we introduce preliminary background materials that are used in defining the distance-based formation control. Then, based on the preliminary background, we briefly review main results developed thus far in this field. Lastly, we provide some issues that need to be studied further in future works.

A Study on the Influence of Macroeconomic Variables of the ADF Test Method Using Public Big Data on the Real Estate Market (공영 빅데이터를 활용한 ADF 검정법의 거시경제 변수가 부동산시장에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Cho, Dae-Sik
    • The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.499-506
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    • 2017
  • Consideration of influential factors through division of capital market sector and interest rate sector to find and resolve the problems in current housing market and leasing market will become an important index to prepare measures for stabilization of housing sales market and housing lease market. Furthermore, a guideline will be provide you with preliminary data using Big Data to prepare for sudden price fluctuation because expected economic crisis, stock market situation, and uncertain future financial crisis can be predicted which may help anticipate real estate price index such as housing sales price index and housing lease price index.

Posterior Cervical Fixation with a Nitinol Shape Memory Loop for Primary Surgical Stabilization of Atlantoaxial Instability : A Preliminary Report

  • Kim, Duk-Gyu;Eun, Jong-Pil;Park, Jung-Soo
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • v.52 no.1
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    • pp.21-26
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    • 2012
  • Objective : To evaluate a new posterior atlantoaxial fixation technique using a nitinol shape memory loop as a simple method that avoids the risk of vertebral artery or nerve injury. Methods : We retrospectively evaluated 14 patients with atlantoaxial instability who had undergone posterior C1-2 fusion using a nitinol shape memory loop. The success of fusion was determined clinically and radiologically. We reviewed patients' neurologic outcomes, neck disability index (NDI), solid bone fusion on cervical spine films, changes in posterior atlantodental interval (PADI), and surgical complications. Results : Solid bone fusion was documented radiologically in all cases, and PADI increased after surgery (p<0.05). All patients remained neurologically intact and showed improvement in NDI score (p<0.05). There were no surgical complications such as neural tissue or vertebral artery injury or instrument failure in the follow-up period. Conclusion : Posterior C1-2 fixation with a nitinol shape memory loop is a simple, less technically demanding method compared to the conventional technique and may avoid the instrument-related complications of posterior C1-2 screw and rod fixation. We introduce this technique as one of the treatment options for atlantoaxial instability.