• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.311-322
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• 2010

Objectives : Since the program about sodium lauryl sulfate that might cause oral dryness and taste change including oral tissue allergy was on the air, the ingredients of D.I.Y dentifrices without sodium lauryl sulfate have been sold in online shopping mall and ordinary people can make the dentifrices easily. But there have not been any reports about the effect of dental plaque removal and preference about D.I.Y dentifrices. Therefore, this study was designed as a pilot study which aimed to investigate the effect of dental plaque removal and prefernece about D.I.Y dentifrices. Methods : 6 subjects were collected to test the effect of dental plaque removal with D.I.Y dentifrices with written consent. They didn't brushed the teeth during 12 hours until the check-up time on the next day. The O'leary index was calculated in baseline, 1 minute, 2 minute, 3 minute after brusing with D.I.Y dentifrices and market dentifrices. The preference about D.I.Y dentifrices through self-administered questionnaire was surveyed in 51 subjects after using D.I.Y dentifrices. Results : 1. The market dentifrices could remove larger amount of dental plaque than D.I.Y dentifrices, but, it wasn't significant. 2. In feeling refreshment, the market dentifrices had more positive answers significantly. 3. In feeling taste change, the market dentifries had more duration of taste change significantly. 4. In feeling oral dryness, the market dentifrices had more duration of oral dryness after toothbrushing. but, it wasn't significant. 5. As a result about reviewing the dental journals about ingredients of D.I.Y dentirices, green tea, sodium carbonate, bamboo salt, propolis had each evidence. But, We could not find out the evidences of calculus adhesion by corn starch, preservative by napri, disinfectant of peppermint. Conclusions : Although we cannot find the difference of the effect of dental plaque removal between D.I.Y dentifrices and market dentifrices, and D.I.Y dentifrices have the merits of decrease of oral dryness and taste change, it was suggested to have another test about stability and safety of D.I.Y dentifrices for safety of the user of D.I.Y dentifrices.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.545-552
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• 2012

3% 이하의 저염 농도에서 맛, 향미 및 저장성을 높이기 위하여 갓과 고추를 첨가한 야콘 피클의 저장 중 품질특성을 이요인 분산분석을 이용하여 품질 특성을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 당도, 총산도 및 염도는 갓과 고추 첨가에 따라 시료간에 유의적인 차이가 있었고, 저장기간에 따라서도 시료간에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 갓과 고추 첨가와 저장기간에 따른 상호작용 효과도 나타났으며, 저장기간이 길어질수록 모든 시료에서 당도, 총산도 및 염도는 증가하였다. 색도에서 L값은 갓과 고추 첨가에 따른 시료간에 차이는 없었으나, 저장기간에 따라서는 유의적인 차이가 있었다. a값과 b값은 갓과 고추 첨가에 따른 시료간 차이와 저장 기간에 따른 차이에서 모두 유의적으로 나타났으며, L, a 및 b값 모두 갓과 고추 첨가와 저장기간에 따른 상호작용 효과가 나타났다. 저장기간 동안 야콘 피클의 절단력은 갓과 고추 첨가와 저장기간에 따른 시료간에 차이가 없어 연부현상은 나타나지 않은 것으로 보여진다. 관능검사에서 색, 맛과 전체적인 선호도는 갓과 고추 첨가와 저장기간에 따라서 각각 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 향미는 저장기간에 따른 차이만 나타났고, 질감은 갓과 고추 첨가와 저장기간에 따라서도 유의적인 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 저염 야콘 피클은 저장 30일과 40일에 전체적인 선호도가 높았고, 갓과 고추를 첨가한 야콘 피클은 다른 시료보다 선호도가 높았다. 부재료 첨가 유무와 저장기간에 따른 상호작용 효과는 전체적인 선호도에서만 나타났다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge and perception for Kimchi in middle school students. A questionnaire was used as the instrument of investigation. The subjects were 375 male students and 278 female students in Masan and Changwon City. The main results of this study are as follows. Ninety-three point three percent of the subjects were nuclear family type and 61.7% of respondent's mother had job. The average knowledge score for Kimchi of the subjects was 5.27 out of possible 10 points and the average value score on Kimchi was 41.25 out of 50 points. Eighty-six point one percent of students think they should eat Kimchi because Kimchi is good for the health(38.6%) and Kimchi is our traditional food(31.4%), and it was significantly difference between gender(p<0.01), male students more realized 'Kimchi is good for the health(41.6%)', whereas female students more realized 'Kimchi is our traditional food(38.9%)'. The subjects perceived that the additive material making for Kimchi were powdered red pepper(80.2%), garlic(62.5%), salt(62.0%), salted, fermented shrimp(50.2%). ginger(49.5%), green onion(39.8%), salted, fermented anchovy(34.9%), sesame(25.0%), carrot(22.4%). More than 70% of the subjects estimated for Kimchi 'Kimchi is our traditional food(84.1%)', 'Kimchi must be developed the international food'(73.7%), 'Kimchi must be in succession(75.8%)', 'Kimchi is very nutritious food(70.3%)'. However, they thought Kimchi have to be improved more hygienically(38.8%) and less stimulative taste(25.7%). The knowledge for Kimchi showed a positive correlation with the value on Kimchi and the preferences for Kimchi, and the value on Kimchi was a positively related to the preferences for Kimchi(p<0.01). Therefore it is need to the development of program for the knowledge for Kimchi and the value on Kimchi in order to improvement the preferences for Kimchi.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.770-774
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• 2002

레토르트 굴죽 개발을 위하여 원료의 조성 및 가공방법이 죽의 물성 및 기호도에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구하였다. 쌀의 투입량은 10～12% 정도로 유지할 때 죽의 점도가 약 800 cp를 유지하여 적당했는데 쌀알의 안정성을 높이고 안정된 질감을 확보하기 위하여 사용한 쌀의 1/2을 마쇄하여 사용하는 것이 점도 향상 및 기호도에 유리하였다. 전분 원료 중 감자전분, 찰옥수수전분 및 Perfectamyl AC전분은 호화온도에 상관없이 거의 일정한 점도를 유지하여 작업시 온도 편차에 따른 품질 변화를 유발하지 않기 때문에 좋은 조건을 지니고 있어 레토펀트 죽의 제조에 좋은 조건을 지니고 있었으며 특히 찰옥수수전분은 살균 후 소비시에는 오히려 점도가 감소하여 일정한 점도를 유지하는 특징이 있어 레토르트 죽에 적합할 것으로 판단되었다. 변성 전분 중 Purity CSC전분은 냉-해동 후 조직 이 호화온도에 따라 묽은 풀과 같은 정도에서 순두부 정도로 나타났으며 호화 온도에 무관하게 수분분리가 적으므로 찰옥수수전분에 약 25% 정도를 혼합하여 사용할 때 좋은 물성을 유지할 수 있었다. 레토르트 굴죽의 원료 분산성을 개선하기 위하여 Kan-than gum을0.2%정도 사용하면 식감에 영향을 미치지 않고 품질 안정성을 유지할 수 있었다. 따라서 레토르트 굴죽의 최적 조성을 쌀 10%(이중 1/2은 마쇄), 찰옥수수전분 1.5%, Purity CSC 0.3%, xanthan gm, 0.2%, 식염 0.3%, 물 87.5%로 완성하였고 최적 조건 하에서 완성된 레토르트 굴죽을 상온에서 5개월 동안 저장한 후에도 안정된 물성이 확인되어 이들 원료의 가공적성이 레토르트 굴죽에 적합함을 확인하였다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.56-66
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Despite successes recorded in combating iodine deficiency, more than 2 billion people are still at risk of iodine deficiency disorders. Rural landlocked and mountainous areas of developing countries are the hardest hit, hence the need to explore and advance novel strategies such as biofortification. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We evaluated adoption, purchase, and consumption of iodine biofortified vegetable legumes (IBVL) using the theory of protection motivations (PMT) integrated with an economic valuation technique. A total of 1,200 participants from three land-locked locations in East Africa were recruited via multi-stage cluster sampling, and data were collected using two, slightly distinct, questionnaires incorporating PMT constructs. The survey also elicited preferences for iodine biofortified foods when offered at a premium or discount. Determinants of protection motivations and preferences for iodine biofortified foods were assessed using path analysis modelling and two-limit Tobit regression, respectively. RESULTS: Knowledge of iodine, iodine-health link, salt iodization, and biofortification was very low, albeit lower at the household level. Iodine and biofortification were not recognized as nutrient and novel approaches, respectively. On the other hand, severity, fear, occupation, knowledge, iodine status, household composition, and self-efficacy predicted the intention to consume biofortified foods at the household level; only vulnerability, self-efficacy, and location were the most crucial elements at the school level. In addition, results demonstrated a positive willingness-to-pay a premium or acceptance of a lesser discount for biofortification. Furthermore, preference towards iodine biofortified foods was a function of protection motivations, severity, vulnerability, fear, response efficacy, response cost, knowledge, iodine status, gender, age. and household head. CONCLUSIONS: Results lend support for prevention of iodine deficiency in unprotected populations through biofortification; however 'threat' appraisal and socio-economic predictors are decisive in designing nutrition interventions and stimulating uptake of biofortification. In principle, the contribution is threefold: 1) Successful application of the integrated model to guide policy formulation; 2) Offer guidance to stakeholders to identify and tap niche markets; 3) stimulation of rural economic growth around school feeding programmes.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.433-446
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the consumer education program for reducing sodium intake based on social cognitive theory (SCT) and investigate consumer perceptions of environmental, cognitive and behavioral factors. Methods: Consumers (n=4,439) were recruited nationwide in Korea to participate in a nutrition education program for reducing sodium intake which was targeted on senior housewives (SH), parents (P), and office workers (OW). Questions regarding main factors of SCT were asked both before and after the education program. Results: SH and P recognized external social efforts and information to reduce sodium including nutrition labeling more than OW. The main barriers to practice reducing sodium intake were limited choice of low sodium food and menu, interference with social relationship when dining with others, and limited information, knowledge and skills. SH had lower barriers to practice reducing sodium intake and OW perceived 'preference to soup or stew' and 'preference to Kimchi, salted fish and fermented sauces' as barriers more than other groups at the baseline. Less than 50% of participants knew the relationship between sodium and salt, sodium in nutrition labeling, and recommended sodium intake. In addition, OW had little knowledge for capability to reduce sodium intake and lower self-efficacy to practice compared with SH and P. After education, positive outcome expectations such as lowering blood pressure, prevention of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis were increased and barriers to practice reducing sodium intake were decreased in all groups (p < 0.05). The knowledge for behavioral capability and self-efficacy to reduce sodium intake were also improved but OW had still lower scores compared with other groups. Conclusions: These results suggested that nutrition education programs could be an effective tool to impact general population by facilitating awareness and increased capability to reduce sodium intake.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2015

This study was conducted to develop food for the elderly, which are well-shaped and easy to chew and swallow. The amounts of water and gelatin were adjusted to facilitate breaking down of the food with the tongue. In the aging society, it is necessary to support the development of a variety of products that can ease the intake functions of swallowing and chewing, while complementing with the essential nutrients supplements; such products can be actively commercialized in the elderly industry. Various types of food, for elderly with difficulties in chewing and swallowing, were used for sensory assessment. Sensory panel consisted of 10 dietitians (10 women) in nursing care facilities. The sensory optimal composite recipes were determined by central composite design (CCD). The sensory measurements were significantly different in the appearance (p<0.01), saltiness (p<0.01) and overall quality (p<0.01). The optimum formulation of pan fried flat fish, calculated by numerical and graphical method, was 8.54 g of salt and 6.34 g of olive oil. Moisture content, hardness, and adhesiveness of pan fried flat fish were 84.77%, 250, and -1.20, respectively. The result showed that easily chewable and swallowable pan fried flat fish for the elderly will have sufficient competitiveness, considering its safety, taste, and preference. This study may provide the basic materials for the development of easily chewable and swallowable foods for elderly.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.439-444
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• 1995

Preparative conditions and characteristics of six-vegetable and fruit juice were studied for the effects of mixing ratio, heat treatment and addition of sugar, salt and organic acid. The vegetables and fruit used were carrot(Ct), cabbage(Cg), pear(Pr), cucumber(Cr), celery(Cy) and dongchimi(Di). From the sensory results of mixing ratio of three of binary mixtures of Cg-Pr(1:3):Ct-Di(1:4):Cr-Cy(3:1), two ratios of 5.0:2.5:2.5(V-6A) and 6.0:2.0:2.0(V-6B) were suggested optimal for six-vegetable and fruit juice. Addition of 2% sucrose and 0.3% NaCl improved the preference significantly. The pH 4.0 for V-6A and pH 3.5 for V-6B were more prefered when pH was adjusted by citric acid. Heating the juice at $100^{\circ}C$ for 100 minutes slightly decreased pH and increased the acidity. Total solids and viscosity were also decreased by heating. All of those changes were more significant in V-6B than V-6A, probably due to lower pH. Heating the juice resulted in a slight decrease in L value and an increase in a and b values. Heating at $100^{\circ}C$ caused an increase in moldy flavor and a decrease in fresh vegetable flavor while heating at $80^{\circ}C$ for 20 minutes changed them little.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.509-520
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated whether a mobile health (mHealth) application can instigate healthy behavioral changes and improvements in metabolic disorders in individuals with metabolic abnormalities. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Participants were divided into an mHealth intervention group (IG), which used a mobile app for 24 weeks, and a conventional IG. All mobile apps featured activity monitors, with blood pressure and glucose monitors, and body-composition measuring devices. The two groups were compared after 24 weeks in terms of health-behavior practice rate and changes in the proportion of people with health risks, and health behaviors performed by the IG that contributed to reductions in more than one health risk factor were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Preference for low-sodium diet, reading nutritional facts, having breakfast, and performing moderate physical activity significantly increased in the mHealth IG. Furthermore, the mHealth IG showed a significant increase of eight items in the mini-dietary assessment; particularly, the items "I eat at least two types of vegetables of various colors at every meal" and "I consume dairies, such as milk, yogurt, and cheese, every day." The proportion of people with health risks, with the exception of fasting glucose, significantly decreased in the mHealth IG, while only the proportion of people with at-risk triglycerides and waist circumference of females significantly decreased in the control group. Finally, compared to those who did not show improvements of health risks, those who showed improvements of health risks in the mHealth IG had an odds ratio of 1.61 for moderate to vigorous physical activity, 1.65 for "I do not add more salt or soy sauce in my food," and 1.77 for "I remove fat in my meat before eating." CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the additional use of a community-based mHealth service through a mobile application is effective for improving health behaviors and lowering metabolic risks in Koreans.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.78-88
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• 2013

Marinated beef galbi is a traditional Korean dish cooked with soy sauce, pear juice, onion, sesame oil, and sugar. However, there are many differences in beef galbi, including flavor and physicochemical aspects, depending on cooking conditions. Therefore, the physicochemical characteristics of marinated beef galbi prepared through various recipes was evaluated for its effects on pH, texture, aging, proteolysis, heating conditions, cooking time, and flavor compounds (pyrazines, IMPs, or FAAs). There were significant differences in salt concentration (0.8~3.03%), pH (4.89~6.22), and solid soluble contents (1.34-6.31 Brix) between recipes in this study. In the Pearson assay for sensory evaluation, overall preference correlated well with texture (a well-known sensory attribute in meat evaluation). Controlling the pH of meat through soaking in lemon solution, alkali water, phosphate, and baking powder solution, improved water holding capacity as much as 9 to 15% compared with the control. The myofibril index (MFI) of marinated meat stored at $4^{\circ}C$ increased 32% with 24 hours of aging and reached 39% at 48 hours of aging, and its fragmentation was observed through microscopy. SDS-PAGE showed hydrolysis of acid-soluble collagen by the pear juice, possibly related to meat tenderness. On the basis of surface temperature, the cooking time was estimated to be 8 minutes with pan heating at $170^{\circ}C$, 6 minutes at $270{\sim}300^{\circ}C$, and 4 minutes with charcoal at $700{\sim}900^{\circ}C$. Different pyrazine compounds, such as 2-methyl-3-phenylpyrrol(2,3-b) pyrazine (the typical product of the browning reaction) was mainly detected, and IMP (one of the main taste compounds in beef) was in higher amounts with the charcoal treatment, potentially related to its flavor preference among treatments. Our results demonstrate an effective case study and cooking system for beef galbi.