• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.83-96
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• 2004

According to construction of global administration environment, all over the world was ended up in infinite competition period. Because eating out company also competes with another company, it must enjoy competitive power high position to secure high position continuously, classified by formation constituent's individuation and two aspects of organic special quality by the factor. Individuation classified by formation constituent's business ability, personal relations, age factors of Information Technology, and organic special quality classifies by factor of formation culture and result that analyze eating out company's business condition competitive power reinforcement effect factor is same as following. First, was construed by company culture, personal relations, business ability period of ten days with family Restaurant, and Information Technology showed that do not influence. Competitive power reinforcement effect factor with special restaurant was construed by company culture, personal relations, business ability period of ten days, and fast food company culture and Information Technology factor with hotel restaurant company culture by competitive power reinforcement effect factor construe.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.45
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• pp.497-517
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• 2016

This paper interrogates the theoretical foundations of Cross-Cultural Studies across the Social Sciences through an examination of the field ELT. Through an examination of ELT's major theoretical and pedagogical moves, this paper illustrates how ELT is by nature a field of cross-Cultural Studies. A closer examination of the history of ELT shows how the colonial genesis of the field indicates a skewed representation of power between native English speaking nations and non-native speaking nations both in terms of academic theories and pedagogies, as well as socio-cultural relations of power. A further analysis of how the field theorizes and represents various relations of power between disparate cultures in ELT literature explicates the dilemma of the objectivity and neutrality of Cross-Cultural research in ELT. In doing so, the analyses included in this paper thus necessarily raises questions regarding the theoretical foundations of research methodologies of Cross-Cultural Studies in terms of the reflexivity of researchers and the problematic of how, or if, relations of power are included in the studies. This paper questions whether studies that do not include these research perspectives properly represent the disparate cultures under study, or are more of a biased, or Orientalized (Said, 1979) interpretation of cultures.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.391-403
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• 2002

In this paper, some general results for obtaining recurrence relations between product moments of order statistics for doubly truncated distributions are established. These results are then applied to some specific doubly truncated distributions, viz. doubly truncated Weibull, Exponential, Pareto, power function, Cauchy, Lomax and Rayleigh.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.169-177
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• 1997

This study aims at empirically clarifying the relationship between power and the interpersonal conflict, including nurses' understanding of their relative power, the causes of interpersonal conflicts with the nurses, and strategies to resolve conflicts, in order to understand how nurses' relative power affect their conflicts. For the empirical survey, the population was defined as all the nurses working at a medical organization in Seoul, Korea. 1083 nurses were selected as the sample for the questionnaire survey and statistical analyses. For the sampling, 32 medical organizations were selected by a stratified random method and sub-samples were arbitrarily drawn from each organization to obtain the final sample of 1083 nurses who responded to the questionnaire designed by the reseacher. According to the result of the study, most nurses experience conflict more than once a month, and 70.4% of the respondents answered that interpersonal conflicts were directly or indirectly caused by power relations. which indicates that they perceive power relations as the main cause of interpersonal conflicts. Nurses experienced the most conflicts with interns and residents(29.7%), then patients and their families(24.3%), higher-positioned nurses(12.3%), nurse colleagues(7.7%), lower-positioned nurses(6.5%), and staff doctors(5.1%). If we classify these into three groups. the frequency of the conflicts, from most frequent to least. is in the order of doctors. nurses, and patients. In terms of relative power, nurses perceive that they have greater power than patients and their families, lower-positioned nurses, and nurse colleagues. In contrast, nurses perceive that they have less power than interns and residents, higher-positioned nurses. and staff doctors. Among these groups. nurses perceive that they have the most power over patients and the least over staff doctors. These results indicate that nurses tend to experience more conflicts with members of groups that are stronger than themselves in terms of relative power, Nurses use positive strategies such as the compromise strategy(32.3%) or the collaboration strategy (20.3%) to manage conflicts, more than other strategies. However, they use avoidance or competition strategy more at the earlier stage, compromise strategy more in the mid stage, and collaboration strategy more at the later stage of the interpersonal conflict. In relation to power, nurses use the collaboration strategy or the compromise strategy more when their perceived power is greater than or equal to their counterpart's, and they use the avoidance strategy or the accommodation strategy if their power is less. In terms of source of power, nurses' perceived relative power is greater in the order of referent power. expert power, reward power, legitimate power. and coercive power. where referent power is perceived as having the greatest power and coercive power is least. Most nurses(69.3%) used their power to resolve a conflict. with positive outcomes. Expert power was used most frequently. Overall. this study strongly indicates that the enhancement of power of nurses to have equal power relations with doctors would heighten the success of conflict resolution, since power is the main cause of conflicts. Specifcally. nurses experience most conflicts with doctors against whom they perceive the greatest gap in power. and the choice of a conflict management strategy depend upon their power relations.

• 전기의세계
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.8-17
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• 1965

Firstly, this study has analyzed the following factors affecting the optimum specifications and design of distributive transformers: 1. Facilities installation cost per unit power output. 2. Facilities operating & maintenance cost per unit power output. 3. Production cost per unit power output. 4. Load factor. 5. Loss factor. Secondly, it has clarified the relations between the following factors and the specifications and design of distributive transformers; 1. No-load loss., 2. Load loss., 3. Voltage regulation., 4. Exciting current. Finally, it has determined the method of the most economic design for the transformers using the above factors and relations, and, for optimum the illustrative purpose, suggested their optimum specifications, way of evaluation, and merits by means of typical example.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.136-151
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• 2003

The summarized analysis result of this research is as follows. First, regarding the difference of preceding variable and dependent variable, statistically considerable difference did not appear between self determination and personal relations in educational background and between groups of self determination in hotel type, and statistically considerable difference appeared among other groups. Second, regression analysis result between empowerment and job satisfaction turned out that statistically considerable influence is exerted in the order of personal relations ability, influence power, role performance ability and self-decision nature. Third, regression analysis result between empowerment and job devotion turned out that statistically considerable influence is exerted in the order of personal relations ability, role performance ability and influence power. Fourth, regression analysis result between empowerment and organization devotion turned out that statistically considerable result is exerted in the order of influence power and personal relations ability. Fifth, it turned out that statistically relative high correlation existed among correlation of empowerment and result variable such as job satisfaction, job devotion and organization devotion. The above-mentioned matters considered, this research proposes following points. This research examines the effect of empowerment on job satisfaction and organizational commitment of culinary staff in the hotel. the effect of the variable of empowerment on result variable shows that role performance ability, influence power and personal relations ability are important variables. Therefore, to improve the role performance ability of members of kitchen, it is essential for each individual to improve their ability and to have confidence at the time of business performance. So, this research implies that consistent and systematic training is necessary for increasing the ability and confidence. In order to improve influence power, it is necessary for members of an organization to have strong faith that their jobs determine the success of the company, and to increase the sense of self-control by letting them have the right of self determination, so that all members may have strong desire to transact business. This research implies that in order to improve personal relations ability, it is necessary for members of an organization to discover the best method of decision-making and solve problems through members' developing mutual action, and for managers to take personal characteristics into account so that members may have belief and confidence in their job and realize the value of their job. In conclusion, the person in charge of personnel affairs and the manager in charge of kitchen need to realize the importance of empowerment and especially have an much interest in all parts including self determination, influence power and role performance ability and personal relations ability etc.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.51-64
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• 2020

Interviews with 17 Korean American professionals living in Korea revealed the relationship between their status, cultural identities, social capital, and conflicts that arise between their understanding of American and Korean social norms. The findings indicate that social capital for Korean Americans in Korea largely comprises of their English community in Korea and the Seoul Global Center; and that their access to social capital in the Korean society, in general, is limited. As result of limited availability and accessibility of social capital, with a sense of superiority, they maintained their American identity. In terms of social control, their lack of motivation to adopt and follow Korean social norms, as well as them being from the U.S., limited changes occurred in their cultural identity. Extending previous research on the Theory of Intercultural Public Relations, the public's power allows them to maintain their cultural identity, which in turn, effect their communication process. Implications of these findings, as well as suggestions for future study, are discussed.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.58.3-58.3
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• 2016

The Kepler space mission provides quantitative and qualitative photometric time series of oscillating stars. It is possible to examine statistical study with seismic properties of solar-like stars. Global seismic properties - large frequency separation (${\Delta}{\nu}$), frequency of maximum power (${\nu}_{max}$) and amplitude of Gaussian envelope (A) widely have been used to determine empirical scaling relations for inferring the stellar physical quantities - mass, age and temperature. We aim to confirm whether width of Gaussian envelope on power excess (${\delta}{\nu}_{env}$) can be used with parameter of scaling relation before redgiant phase using Kepler data. Therefore we analyze the characteristics of ${\delta}{\nu}_{env}$ of 129 solar-like stars from main-sequence to subgiant. We have demonstrated that ${\delta}{\nu}_{env}$ has highly correlations with global parameters - ${\Delta}{\nu}$ and ${\nu}max$. We have also found the break of ${\delta}{\nu}_{env}-{\Delta}{\nu}$ and ${\nu}_{max}$ relations.

• Journal of Public Diplomacy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.6-27
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• 2022

With globalization and new communication technologies, governments aim to cultivate relationships with their foreign publics. This goal represents the convergence of the public relations and public diplomacy domains. In this regard, this study aims to explore how foreign-born faculty members' attitudes and behaviors toward the U.S. are shaped by their relationships with their universities. Findings confirm a significant link between foreign-born faculty members' perceived relationships with their universities and their attitudes and behavioral intentions toward the U.S. The authors conclude that a positive relationship between universities and foreign faculty members can serve as a soft power resource in U.S. public diplomacy. This study contributes to governments' public diplomacy efforts by analyzing the roles of the foreign-born faculty members as strategic communication channels in cultivating relationships between a host country and their homelands.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.31 no.3_4
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• pp.327-336
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• 2013

Generalized Pareto distributions play an important role in re-liability, extreme value theory, and other branches of applied probability and statistics. This family of distribution includes exponential distribution, Pareto distribution, and Power distribution. In this paper we establish some recurrences relations satisfied by the quotient moments of the upper record values from the generalized Pareto distribution. Further a char-acterization of this distribution based on recurrence relations of quotient moments of record values is presented.